Assembling molecular Sierpiński triangle fractals

Nature Chemistry

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 389-393

  Shang, Jian ^a   Wang, Yongfeng ^b   Chen, Min ^c   Dai, Jingxin ^a   Zhou, Xiong ^a   Kuttner, Julian ^c   Hilt, Gerhard ^c   Shao, Xiang ^d   Gottfried, J Michael ^c   Wu, Kai ^a,e  

^a PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

^e SPURc CREATE Tower ^*  (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84928686986     PISSN: 17554330     EISSN: 17554349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2211     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Mandelbrot, B. B. The Fractal Geometry of Nature (W. H. Freeman, 1982).
2. Newkome, G. R. & Shreiner, C. Dendrimers derived from 1?3 branching motifs. Chem. Rev. 110, 6338-6442 (2010).
3. Sugiura, K-I., Tanaka, H., Matsumoto, T., Kawai, T. & Sakata, Y. A mandalapatterned bandanna-shaped porphyrin oligomer, C1244H1350N84Ni20O88, having a unique size and geometry. Chem. Lett. 28, 1193-1194 (1999).
4. Newkome, G. R. et al. Nanoassembly of a fractal polymer: a molecular 'Sierpinski hexagonal gasket'. Science 312, 1782-1785 (2006).
5. Fujibayashi, K., Hariadi, R., Park, S. H.,Winfree, E. & Murata, S. Toward reliable algorithmic self-assembly of DNA tiles: a fixed-width cellular automaton pattern. Nano Lett. 8, 1791-1797 (2007).
6. Sarkar, R. et al. One-step multicomponent self-assembly of a first-generation Sierpiski triangle: from fractal design to chemical reality. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 12182-12185 (2014).
7. Wang, M. et al. Hexagon wreaths: self-assembly of discrete supramolecular fractal architectures using multitopic terpyridine ligands. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 6664-6671 (2014).
8. Conversano, E. & Lalli, L. T. Sierpinski triangles in stone, on medieval floors in Rome. J. Appl. Math. 4, 114-122 (2011).
9. Devaney, R. L. Chaos and Fractals: the Mathematics behind the Computer Graphics (American Mathematical Society, 1989).
10. Wolfram, S. A New Kind of Science (Wolfram Media, 2001).
11. Alfonseca, M. & Ortega, A. Determination of fractal dimensions from equivalent L systems. IBM J. Res. Dev. 45, 797-805 (2001).
12. Pawin, G., Wong, K. L., Kwon, K. Y. & Bartels, L. A homomolecular porous network at a Cu(111) surface. Science 313, 961-962 (2006).
13. Bui, T. T. T., Dahaoui, S., Lecomte, C., Desiraju, G. R. & Espinosa, E. The nature of halogen⋯halogen interactions: a model derived from experimental charge-density analysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 3838-3841 (2009).
14. Walch, H., Gutzler, R., Sirtl, T., Eder, G. & Lackinger, M. Material-and orientation-dependent reactivity for heterogeneously catalyzed carbon-bromine bond homolysis. J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 12604-12609 (2010).
15. Chung, K-H. et al. Polymorphic porous supramolecular networks mediated by halogen bonds on Ag(111). Chem. Commun. 47, 11492-11494 (2011).
16. Wang, W., Shi, X., Wang, S., Van Hove, M. A. & Lin, N. Single-molecule resolution of an organometallic intermediate in a surface-supported Ullmann coupling reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 13264-13267 (2011).
17. Fasel, R., Parschau, M. & Ernst, K-H. Amplification of chirality in twodimensional enantiomorphous lattices. Nature 439, 449-452 (2006).
18. Blüm, M-C., avar, E., Pivetta, M., Patthey, F. & Schneider, W-D. Conservation of chirality in a hierarchical supramolecular self-assembled structure with pentagonal symmetry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 5334-5337 (2005).
19. Hauptmann, N. et al. Surface control of alkyl chain conformations and 2D chiral amplification. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 8814-8817 (2013).
20. Nieckarz, D. & Szabelski, P. Understanding pattern formation in 2D metal-organic coordination systems on solid surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 11229-11241 (2013).
21. Nieckarz, D. & Szabelski, P. Simulation of the self-assembly of simple molecular bricks into Sierpiski triangles. Chem. Commun. 50, 6843-6845 (2014).
22. Röder, H., Hahn, E., Brune, H., Bucher, J-P. & Kern, K. Building one-and two-dimensional nanostructures by diffusion-controlled aggregation at surfaces. Nature 366, 141-143 (1993).
23. Brune, H., Romainczyk, C., Röder, H. & Kern, K. Mechanism of the transition from fractal to dendritic growth of surface aggregates. Nature 369, 469-471 (1994).
24. Otero, R. et al. Elementary structural motifs in a random network of cytosine adsorbed on a gold(111) surface. Science 319, 312-315 (2008).
25. Barth, J. V., Costantini, G. & Kern, K. Engineering atomic and molecular nanostructures at surfaces. Nature 437, 671-679 (2005).
26. Libbrecht, K. G. The physics of snow crystals. Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 855-895 (2005).
27. Gross, L. et al. Bond-order discrimination by atomic force microscopy. Science 337, 1326-1329 (2012).
28. de Oteyza, D. G. et al. Direct imaging of covalent bond structure in single-molecule chemical reactions. Science 340, 1434-1437 (2013).
29. Chiang, C-L., Xu, C., Han, Z. & Ho, W. Real-space imaging of molecular structure and chemical bonding by single-molecule inelastic tunneling probe. Science 344, 885-888 (2014).
30. Blake, M. M. et al. Identifying reactive intermediates in the Ullmann coupling reaction by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 13167-13172 (2009).
31. Fan, Q. et al. Surface-assisted organic synthesis of hyperbenzene nanotroughs. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 4668-4672 (2013).
32. Horcas, I. et al. WSXM: a software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 013705 (2007).