Determinants, reproducibility, and seasonal variation of bacterial cell wall components and viable counts in house dust

Indoor Air

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 260-272

  Leppanen H K ^a   Taubel M ^a   Roponen, M ^b   Vepsalainen A ^a   Rantakokko, P ^a   Pekkanen, J ^a   Nevalainen, A ^a   von Mutius, E ^c   Hyvarinen A ^a  

^a NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

3 OH fatty acids; Actinomycetes; Determinants; Muramic acid; Reproducibility; Viable bacteria

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; CELL MEMBRANES; CYTOLOGY; DUST; FATTY ACIDS; HOUSES;

3-OH FATTY ACID; ACTINOMYCETE; BACTERIAL CELLS; CELL-WALL COMPONENTS; DETERMINANT; HOUSE DUST; MURAMIC ACID; REPRODUCIBILITIES; SEASONAL VARIATION; VIABLE BACTERIA;

BACTERIA;

ACTINOBACTERIA (CLASS); BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

DUST; FATTY ACID; MURAMIC ACID;

ACTINOBACTERIA; ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL LOAD; BACTERIUM; CELL WALL; CHEMISTRY; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FINLAND; HOUSING; HUMAN; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SEASON;

ACTINOBACTERIA; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; BACTERIA; BACTERIAL LOAD; CELL WALL; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FATTY ACIDS; FINLAND; HOUSING; HUMANS; MURAMIC ACIDS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SEASONS;

EID: 84928284565     PISSN: 09056947     EISSN: 16000668     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ina.12141     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Abraham, J.H., Gold, D.R., Dockery, D.W., Ryan, L., Park, J.H. and Milton, D.K. (2005) Within-home versus between-home variability of house dust endotoxin in a birth cohort, Environ. Health Perspect., 113, 1516-1521.
2. Arrandale, V.H., Brauer, M., Brook, J.R., Brunekreft, B., Gold, D.R., London, S.J., Miller, J.D., Özkaynak, H., Ries, N.M., Sears, M.R., Silverman, F.S. and Takaro, T.K. (2011) Exposure assessment in cohort studies of childhood asthma, Environ. Health Perspect., 119, 591-597.
3. Bischof, W., Koch, A., Gehring, U., Fahlbusch, B., Wichmann, H.E. and Heinrich, J. (2002) Predictors of high endotoxin concentrations in the settled dust of German homes, Indoor Air, 12, 2-9.
4. Bolte, G., Bischof, W., Borte, M., Lehman, I., Wichmann, H.-E. and Heinrich, J. (2003) Early endotoxin exposure and atopy development in infants: results of a birth cohort study, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 33, 770-776.
5. Braun-Fahrlander, C., Gassner, M., Grize, L., Neu, U., Sennhauser, F.H., Varonier, H.S., Vuille, J.C. and Wuthrich, B. (1999) Prevalence of hay fever and allergic sensitization in farmer's children and their peers living in the same rural community, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 29, 28-34.
6. Casas, L., Tischer, C., Wouters, I.M., Valkonen, M., Gehring, U., Doekes, G., Torrent, M., Pekkanen, J., Garcia-Esteban, R., Hyvärinen, A., Heinrich, J. and Sunyer, J. (2013) Endotoxin, extracellular polysaccharides, and beta(1-3)-glucan concentrations in dust and their determinants in four European birth cohorts: results from the HITEA project, Indoor Air, 23, 208-218.
7. Celedon, J., Milton, D., Ramsey, C., Litonjua, A., Ryan, L., Platts-Mills, T. and Gold, D. (2007) Exposure to dust mite allergen and endotoxin in early life and asthma and atopy in childhood, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 120, 144-149.
8. Chen, C.M., Thiering, E., Doekes, G., Zock, J.P., Bakolis, I., Norback, D., Sunyer, J., Villani, S., Verlato, G., Taubel, M., Jarvis, D. and Heinrich, J. (2012) Geographical variation and the determinants of domestic endotoxin levels in mattress dust in Europe, Indoor Air, 22, 24-32.
9. Ege, M.J., Bieli, C., Frei, R., Van Strien, R.T., Riedler, J., Ublagger, E., Schram-Bijkerk, D., Brunekreef, B., Van Hage, M., Scheynius, A., Pershagen, G., Benz, M.R., Lauener, R., Von Mutius, E. and Braun-Fahrlander, C. (2006) Prenatal farm exposure is related to the expression of receptors of the innate immunity and to atopic sensitization in school-age children, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 117, 817-823.
10. Ege, M.J., Mayer, M., Normand, A.C., Genuneit, J., Cookson, W., Braun-Fahrlander, C., Heederik, D., Piarroux, R. and Von Mutius, E. (2011) Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma, N. Engl. J. Med., 364, 701-709.
11. Genuneit, J. (2012) Exposure to farming environments in childhood and asthma and wheeze in rural populations: a systematic review with meta-analysis, Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 23, 509-518.
12. Giovannangelo, M., Nordling, E., Gehring, U., Oldenwening, M., Bellander, T., Heinrich, J., Hoek, G. and Brunekreef, B. (2007) Variation of biocontaminant levels within and between homes - the AIRALLERG study, J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 17, 134-140.
13. Heinrich, J., Holscher, B., Douwes, J., Richter, K., Koch, A., Bischof, W., Fahlbusch, B., Kinne, R.W. and Wichmann, H.E. (2003) Reproducibility of allergen, endotoxin and fungi measurements in the indoor environment, J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol., 13, 152-160.
14. Hirsch, T., Kuhlisch, E., Soldan, W. and Leupold, W. (1998) Variability of house dust mite allergen exposure in dwellings, Environ. Health Perspect., 106, 659-664.
15. Hospodsky, D., Qian, J., Nazaroff, W.W., Yamamoto, N., Bibby, K., Rismani-Yazdi, H. and Peccia, J. (2012) Human occupancy as a source of indoor airborne bacteria, PLoS One, 7, e34867.
16. Hyvärinen, A., Vahteristo, M., Meklin, T., Jantunen, M., Nevalainen, A. and Moschandreas, D. (2001) Temporal and spatial variation of fungal concentrations in indoor air, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 35, 688-695.
17. Hyvärinen, A., Roponen, M., Tiittanen, P., Laitinen, S., Nevalainen, A. and Pekkanen, J. (2006a) Dust sampling methods for endotoxin - an essential, but underestimated issue, Indoor Air, 16, 20-27.
18. Hyvärinen, A., Sebastian, A., Pekkanen, J., Larsson, L., Korppi, M., Putus, T. and Nevalainen, A. (2006b) Characterizing microbial exposure with ergosterol, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, and viable microbes in house dust: determinants and association with childhood asthma, Arch. Environ. Health, 61, 149-157.
19. Johansson, E., Vesper, S., Levin, L., Lemasters, G., Grinshpun, S. and Reponen, T. (2011) Streptomycetes in house dust: associations with housing characteristics and endotoxin, Indoor Air, 21, 300-310.
20. Kaarakainen, P., Rintala, H., Meklin, T., Kärkkäinen, P., Hyvärinen, A. and Nevalainen, A. (2011) Concentrations and diversity of microbes from four local bioaerosol emission sources in Finland, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 61, 1382-1392.
21. Kärkkäinen, P.M., Valkonen, M., Hyvärinen, A., Nevalainen, A. and Rintala, H. (2010) Determination of bacterial load in house dust using qPCR, chemical markers and culture, J. Environ. Monitor., 12, 759-768.
22. Lappalainen, M.H.J., Roponen, M., Hyvärinen, A., Nevalainen, A., Laine, O., Pekkanen, J. and Hirvonen, M.R. (2008) Exposure to environmental bacteria may have differing effects on tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6-producing capacity in infancy, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 38, 1483-1492.
23. Larsson, L., Szponar, B. and Pehrson, C. (2004) Tobacco smoking increases dramatically air concentrations of endotoxin, Indoor Air, 14, 421-424.
24. Larsson, L., Szponar, B., Ridha, B., Pehrson, C., Dutkiewicz, J., Krysinska-Traczyk, E. and Sitkowska, J. (2008) Identification of bacterial and fungal components in tobacco and tobacco smoke, Tobac. Induc. Dis., 4, 4.
25. Leppänen, H.K., Nevalainen, A., Vepsäläinen, A., Roponen, M., Täubel, M., Laine, O., Rantakokko, P., von Mutius, E., Pekkanen, J. and Hyvärinen, A. (2014) Determinants, reproducibility and seasonal variation of ergosterol levels in house dust, Indoor Air, 24, 248-259.
26. Liu, S.L.-J., Krahmer, M., Fox, A., Feigley, C.E., Featherstone, A., Saraf, A. and Larsson, L. (2000) Investigation of the concentration of bacteria and their cell envelope components in indoor air in two elementary schools, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 50, 1957-1967.
27. Mendell, M.J., Mirer, A.G., Cheung, K., Tong, M. and Douwes, J. (2011) Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness, mold, and dampness-related agents: a review of the epidemiologic evidence, Environ. Health Perspect., 119, 748-756.
28. Moniruzzaman, S., Engman, L.H., James, P., Sigsgaard, T., Thorne, P.S., Sundell, J. and Bornehag, C.G. (2012) Levels of endotoxin in 390 Swedish homes: determinants and the risk for respiratory symptoms in children, Int. J. Environ. Health Res., 22, 22-36.
29. Nevalainen, A., Partanen, P., Jääskeläinen, E., Hyvärinen, A., Koskinen, O., Meklin, T., Vahteristo, M., Koivisto, J. and Husman, T. (1998) Prevalence of moisture problems in Finnish houses, Indoor Air, (Suppl 4), 45-49.
30. Noss, I., Wouters, I.M., Visser, M., Heederik, D.J., Thorne, P.S., Brunekreef, B. and Doekes, G. (2008) Evaluation of a low-cost electrostatic dust fall collector for indoor endotoxin exposure asessment, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74, 5621-5627.
31. Palmgren, U., Ström, G., Blomquist, G. and Malmberg, P. (1986) Collection of airborne micro-organisms on Nuclepore filters, estimation and analysis - CAMNEA method, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 61, 401-406.
32. Park, J.H., Szponar, B., Larsson, L., Gold, D.R. and Milton, D.K. (2004) Characterization of lipopolysaccharides present in settled house dust, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70, 262-267.
33. Reponen, T., Singh, U., Schaffer, C., Vesper, S., Johansson, E., Adhikari, A., Grinshpun, S.A., Indugula, R., Ryan, P., Levin, L. and Lemasters, G. (2010) Visually observed mold and moldy odor versus quantitatively measured microbial exposure in homes, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 5565-5574.
34. Rintala, H., Pitkäranta, M. and Täubel, M. (2012) Microbial communities associated with house dust, Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 78, 75-120.
35. Saraf, A., Larsson, L., Burge, H. and Milton, D. (1997) Quantification of ergosterol and 3-hydroxy fatty acids in settled house dust by gas chromatography mass spectrometry: comparison with fungal culture and determination of endotoxin by a Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 2554-2559.
36. SAS Institute Inc (1999) SAS OnlineDoc, Cary, NC, USA, SAS Institute Inc.
37. Schram, D., Doekes, G., Boeve, M., Douwes, J., Riedler, J., Ublagger, E., Von Mutius, E., Budde, J., Pershagen, G., Nyberg, F., Alm, J., Braun-Fahrlander, C., Waser, M., Brunekreef, B. and Parsifal Study Grp. (2005) Bacterial and fungal components in house dust of farm children, Rudolf Steiner school children and reference children - the PARSIFAL study, Allergy, 60, 611-618.
38. Scott, J.A., Konya, T. and Ewaze, J.O. (2012) Influence of sample mass on the measurement confidence of microbial cell wall materials in vacuum-collected floor dust. In: Morawska, L. (ed.) Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2012, 4H.1, Brisbane, Australia.
39. Sebastian, A. and Larsson, L. (2003) Characterization of the microbial community in indoor environments: a chemical-analytical approach, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 3103-3109.
40. Sebastian, A. and Larsson, L. (2005) Characterisation of the microbial community in indoor environments: critical evaluation of sample storage conditions. In: Tsinghua University Press (ed.) Proceedings of Indoor Air 2005, Beijing, China, 04-09 September.
41. Sebastian, A., Harley, W., Fox, A. and Larsson, L. (2004) Evaluation of the methyl ester O-methyl acetate derivative of muramic acid for the determination of peptidoglycan in environmental samples by ion-trap GC-MS-MS, J. Environ. Monitor., 6, 300-304.
42. Sebastian, A., Pehrson, C. and Larsson, L. (2006) Elevated concentrations of endotoxin in indoor air due to cigarette smoking, J. Environ. Monitor., 8, 519-522.
43. Sordillo, J.E., Alwis, U.K., Hoffman, E., Gold, D.R. and Milton, D.K. (2011) Home Characteristics as predictors of bacterial and fungal microbial biomarkers in house dust, Environ. Health Perspect., 119, 189-195.
44. SPSS Inc. (1988) SPSS-XTM User's Guide, Chicago, SPSS Inc.
45. Szponar, B., Pehrson, C. and Larsson, L. (2012) Bacterial and fungal markers in tobacco smoke, Sci. Total Environ., 438, 447-451.
46. Tager, I.B., Lurmann, F.W., Haight, T., Alcorn, S., Penfold, B. and Hammond, S.K. (2010) Temporal and spatial patterns of ambient endotoxin concentrations in Fresno, California, Environ. Health Perspect., 118, 1490-1496.
47. Täubel, M., Rintala, H., Pitkäranta, M., Paulin, L., Laitinen, S., Pekkanen, J., Hyvärinen, A. and Nevalainen, A. (2009) The occupant as a source of house dust bacteria, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 124, 834-840.
48. Toivola, M., Alm, S., Reponen, T., Kolari, S. and Nevalainen, A. (2002) Personal exposures and microenvironmental concentrations of particles and bioaerosols, J. Environ. Monitor., 4, 166-174.
49. Van Strien, R.T., Engel, R., Holst, O., Bufe, A., Eder, W., Waser, M., Braun-Fahrlander, C., Riedler, J., Nowak, D. and Von Mutius, E., and Alex Study Team (2004) Microbial exposure of rural school children, as assessed by levels of N-acetyl-muramic acid in mattress dust, and its association with respiratory health, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 113, 860-867.
50. Von Mutius, E. and Vercelli, D. (2010) Farm living: effects on childhood asthma and allergy, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 10, 861-868.
51. Von Mutius, E., Braun-Fahrlander, C., Schierl, R., Riedler, J., Ehlermann, S., Maisch, S., Waser, M. and Nowak, D. (2000) Exposure to endotoxin or other bacterial components might protect against the development of atopy, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 30, 1230-1234.
52. Von Mutius, E., Schmid, S. and Grp, P.S. (2006) The PASTURE project: EU support for the improvement of knowledge about risk factors and preventive factors for atopy in Europe, Allergy, 61, 407-413.
53. Wady, L., Shebabi, A., Szponar, B., Pehrson, C., Sheng, Y. and Larsson, L. (2004) Heterogeneity in microbial exposure in schools in Sweden, Poland and Jordan revealed by analysis of chemical markers, J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol., 14, 293-299.
54. WHO (2009) Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Dampness and Mould, Geneva, WHO Press.
55. Yamamoto, N., Shendell, D.G. and Peccia, J. (2011) Assessing allergenic fungi in house dust by floor wipe sampling and quantitative PCR, Indoor Air, 21, 521-530.