메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 266-292

Social media in the 2011 Egyptian uprising

Author keywords

Arab Spring; Egypt; High risk activism; Middle East; Social media; Social movements

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CONFLICT; EGYPT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MASS MEDIUM; POLITICS; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL MEDIA; STATISTICAL MODEL; VERBAL COMMUNICATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84927567479     PISSN: 00071315     EISSN: 14684446     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12080     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 84927567437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Protesters Demand Water, Security in Egypt's Rural Areas'
    • Al-Monitor 1 August. (Retrieved 12 April 2013).
    • Abdel-Razzak, Mehsen 2011 'Protesters Demand Water, Security in Egypt's Rural Areas', Al-Monitor 1 August. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2012/07/ongoing-protests-and-road-blocks.html (Retrieved 12 April 2013).
    • (2011)
    • Abdel-Razzak, M.1
  • 2
    • 84892146623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'New Media and Conflict after the Arab Spring'
    • Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace,(Retrieved 8 April 2013).
    • Aday, Sean, Farrell, Henry, Lynch, Marc, Sides, John and Freelon, Deen 2012 'New Media and Conflict after the Arab Spring', Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace, http://www.usip.org/files/resources/PW80.pdf (Retrieved 8 April 2013).
    • (2012)
    • Aday, S.1    Farrell, H.2    Lynch, M.3    Sides, J.4    Freelon, D.5
  • 5
    • 84863985454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Protester
    • December 26/January.
    • Andersen, Kurt 2011/12 'The Protester', Time December 26/January 2: 54-89.
    • (2011) Time , vol.2 , pp. 54-89
    • Andersen, K.1
  • 6
    • 84872729290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citizen Inclusion in the Greater Middle East
    • in Dalia Mogahed (ed.), Abu Dhabi: Gallup. (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • Andersen, Robert, Brym, Robert and Araj, Bader 2011 'Citizen Inclusion in the Greater Middle East' in Dalia Mogahed (ed.) The Abu Dhabi Gallup Forum: Research, Dialogue and Solutions, Abu Dhabi: Gallup. http://www.gallup.com/se/ms/153866/Abu-Dhabi-Gallup-Forum-Key-Findings-Muslim-West-Relations.aspx?utm_source=email-a-friend&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=sharing&utm_content=titlelink (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2011) The Abu Dhabi Gallup Forum: Research, Dialogue and Solutions
    • Andersen, R.1    Brym, R.2    Araj, B.3
  • 7
    • 33746538994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in Civic Association Activity in Four Democracies: The Special Case of Women in the United States
    • Andersen, Robert, Curtis, James and Grabb, Edward 2006 'Trends in Civic Association Activity in Four Democracies: The Special Case of Women in the United States', American Sociological Review 71: 376-400.
    • (2006) American Sociological Review , vol.71 , pp. 376-400
    • Andersen, R.1    Curtis, J.2    Grabb, E.3
  • 8
    • 33749667444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Dynamics of Protest Diffusion: Movements Organizations, Social Networks, and News Media in the 1960s Sit-Ins
    • Andrews, Kenneth T. and Biggs, Michael 2006 'The Dynamics of Protest Diffusion: Movements Organizations, Social Networks, and News Media in the 1960s Sit-Ins', American Sociological Review 71: 752-777.
    • (2006) American Sociological Review , vol.71 , pp. 752-777
    • Andrews, K.T.1    Biggs, M.2
  • 9
    • 84927570815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediating Political Action: Internet-related Beliefs and Frustrations amongst International Solidarity Campaigns in Britain
    • Barassi, Veronica 2009 'Mediating Political Action: Internet-related Beliefs and Frustrations amongst International Solidarity Campaigns in Britain', Digithum: The Humanities in the Digital Era 11: 20-24.
    • (2009) Digithum: The Humanities in the Digital Era , vol.11 , pp. 20-24
    • Barassi, V.1
  • 10
    • 0003344416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revolution Without Movement, Movement without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt
    • Bayat, Asef 1998 'Revolution Without Movement, Movement without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt', Comparative Studies in Society and History 40: 136-169.
    • (1998) Comparative Studies in Society and History , vol.40 , pp. 136-169
    • Bayat, A.1
  • 11
    • 33645670978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Movements beyond Borders: Organization, Communication, and Political Capacity in Two Eras of Transnational Activism
    • in Donatella della Porta and Sidney Tarrow (eds), Boulder CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
    • Bennett, Lance W. 2005 'Social Movements beyond Borders: Organization, Communication, and Political Capacity in Two Eras of Transnational Activism' in Donatella della Porta and Sidney Tarrow (eds) Transnational Protest and Global Activism, Boulder CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
    • (2005) Transnational Protest and Global Activism
    • Bennett, L.W.1
  • 12
    • 48849116275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication and Political Mobilization: Digital Media and the Organization of Anti-Iraq War Demonstrations in the US
    • Bennett, Lance W., Breunig, Christian and Givens, Terri 2008 'Communication and Political Mobilization: Digital Media and the Organization of Anti-Iraq War Demonstrations in the US', Political Communication 25: 269-289.
    • (2008) Political Communication , vol.25 , pp. 269-289
    • Bennett, L.W.1    Breunig, C.2    Givens, T.3
  • 13
    • 77958601931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Arabs Think
    • Braizat, Fares 2010 'What Arabs Think', Journal of Democracy 21(4): 131-138.
    • (2010) Journal of Democracy , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 131-138
    • Braizat, F.1
  • 14
    • 85050782731 scopus 로고
    • Antisemitism in Moscow: Results of an October 1992 Survey
    • Brym, Robert and Degtyarev, Andrei 1993 'Antisemitism in Moscow: Results of an October 1992 Survey', Slavic Review 52: 1-12.
    • (1993) Slavic Review , vol.52 , pp. 1-12
    • Brym, R.1    Degtyarev, A.2
  • 15
    • 34248128090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alienation, Apathy, or Ambivalence? "Don't Knows" and Democracy in Russia
    • Carnaghan, Ellen 1996 'Alienation, Apathy, or Ambivalence? "Don't Knows" and Democracy in Russia', Slavic Review 55: 325-363.
    • (1996) Slavic Review , vol.55 , pp. 325-363
    • Carnaghan, E.1
  • 16
    • 73949145854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press.
    • Castells, Manuel 2009 Communication Power, New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2009) Communication Power
    • Castells, M.1
  • 18
    • 20844436447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "Revolution of Rising Expectations", Relative Deprivation, and the Urban Social Disorders of the 1960s: Evidence from State-Level Data
    • Chandra, Siddharth and Williams Foster, Angela 2005 'The "Revolution of Rising Expectations", Relative Deprivation, and the Urban Social Disorders of the 1960s: Evidence from State-Level Data', Social Science History 29: 299-332.
    • (2005) Social Science History , vol.29 , pp. 299-332
    • Chandra, S.1    Williams Foster, A.2
  • 20
    • 54249092052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting Demonstrations: The Changing Media Politics of Dissent
    • Cottle, Simon 2008 'Reporting Demonstrations: The Changing Media Politics of Dissent', Media, Culture & Society 30: 853-872.
    • (2008) Media, Culture & Society , vol.30 , pp. 853-872
    • Cottle, S.1
  • 22
    • 85028854698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editor's Introduction: Methods of Interpretive Sociology
    • in Matthew David (ed.), 4 vols, London: Sage.
    • David, Matthew 2010 'Editor's Introduction: Methods of Interpretive Sociology', Vol. 1 in Matthew David (ed.) Methods of Interpretive Sociology, 4 vols, London: Sage.
    • (2010) Methods of Interpretive Sociology , vol.1
    • David, M.1
  • 23
    • 0030506266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group Relative Deprivation: Cognitive versus Affective Components and Protest Orientation among Indian South Africans
    • De La Ray, Cheryl and Raju, Patricia 1996 'Group Relative Deprivation: Cognitive versus Affective Components and Protest Orientation among Indian South Africans', Journal of Social Psychology 136: 579-588.
    • (1996) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.136 , pp. 579-588
    • De La Ray, C.1    Raju, P.2
  • 24
    • 33645689958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple Belongings, Flexible Identities and the Construction of "Another Politics": Between the European Social Forum and the Local Social Fora
    • in Donatella della Porta and Sidney Tarrow (eds), Boulder CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
    • della Porta, Donatella 2005 'Multiple Belongings, Flexible Identities and the Construction of "Another Politics": Between the European Social Forum and the Local Social Fora', in Donatella della Porta and Sidney Tarrow (eds) Transnational Protest and Global Activism, Boulder CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
    • (2005) Transnational Protest and Global Activism
    • della Porta, D.1
  • 26
    • 20144385525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Networks and Participation
    • in, David Snow, Sarah Soule and Hanspeter Kriesi (eds) Malden MA: Blackwell.
    • Diani, Mario 2004 'Networks and Participation', in Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, David Snow, Sarah Soule and Hanspeter Kriesi (eds) Malden MA: Blackwell.
    • (2004) Blackwell Companion to Social Movements
    • Diani, M.1
  • 27
    • 84923050326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misreading Tehran: The Twitter Devolution
    • Foreign Policy June 7. (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • Esfandiari, Golnaz 2010 'Misreading Tehran: The Twitter Devolution', Foreign Policy June 7. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/07/the_twitter_revolution_that_wasnt (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2010)
    • Esfandiari, G.1
  • 28
    • 84861443303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Consequences of the Internet for Politics
    • Farrell, Henry 2012 'The Consequences of the Internet for Politics', Annual Review of Political Science 15: 35-52.
    • (2012) Annual Review of Political Science , vol.15 , pp. 35-52
    • Farrell, H.1
  • 29
    • 0002797705 scopus 로고
    • Utilitarian Logic in the Resource Mobilization Perspective
    • in Mayer Zald and John McCarthy (eds), Cambridge MA: Winthrop.
    • Fireman, Bruce and Gamson, William 1979 'Utilitarian Logic in the Resource Mobilization Perspective' in Mayer Zald and John McCarthy (eds) The Dynamics of Social Movements, Cambridge MA: Winthrop.
    • (1979) The Dynamics of Social Movements
    • Fireman, B.1    Gamson, W.2
  • 31
    • 82955216428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring: The Myth of Authoritarian Stability
    • Gause III, F. Gregory 2011 'Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring: The Myth of Authoritarian Stability', Foreign Affairs 90(4): 81-90.
    • (2011) Foreign Affairs , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 81-90
    • Gause, F.G.1
  • 32
    • 84927567435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charlie Rose Talks to Wael Ghonim
    • 16 February. (Retrieved 8 April, 2013).
    • Ghonim, Wael 2012 'Charlie Rose Talks to Wael Ghonim', Bloomberg Businessweek 16 February. http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-02-16/charlie-rose-talks-to-wael-ghonim (Retrieved 8 April, 2013).
    • (2012) Bloomberg Businessweek
    • Ghonim, W.1
  • 33
    • 79957938303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small Change: Why the Revolution will not be Tweeted
    • New Yorker October 4. (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • Gladwell, Malcolm 2010 'Small Change: Why the Revolution will not be Tweeted', New Yorker October 4. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/10/04/101004fa_fact_gladwell (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2010)
    • Gladwell, M.1
  • 34
    • 84937296082 scopus 로고
    • From Ethnocentrism to Collective Protest: Responses to Relative Deprivation and Threats to Social Identity
    • Grant, Peter R. and Brown, Rupert. 1995 'From Ethnocentrism to Collective Protest: Responses to Relative Deprivation and Threats to Social Identity', Social Psychology Quarterly 58: 195-212.
    • (1995) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.58 , pp. 195-212
    • Grant, P.R.1    Brown, R.2
  • 35
    • 84859346120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing the Egyptian Uprising in Arabic Language Newspapers and Social Media
    • Hamdy, Naila and Gomaa, Ehab H. 2012 'Framing the Egyptian Uprising in Arabic Language Newspapers and Social Media', Journal of Communication 62: 195-211.
    • (2012) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , pp. 195-211
    • Hamdy, N.1    Gomaa, E.H.2
  • 36
    • 79956367568 scopus 로고
    • The Rise and Fall of Social Problems: A Public Arenas Model
    • Hilgartner, Stephen and Bosk, Charles L. 1988 'The Rise and Fall of Social Problems: A Public Arenas Model', American Journal of Sociology 94: 53-78.
    • (1988) American Journal of Sociology , vol.94 , pp. 53-78
    • Hilgartner, S.1    Bosk, C.L.2
  • 38
    • 84858253449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Egyptian Public Opinion Survey, April 14 - April 27, 2011'
    • (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • International Republican Institute 2011a 'Egyptian Public Opinion Survey, April 14 - April 27, 2011', http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2011%20June%205%20Survey%20of%20Egyptian%20Public%20Opinion, %20April%2014-27, %202011_0.pdf (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2011)
  • 39
    • 84897637347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'IRI Egypt Index'
    • (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • International Republican Institute 2011b 'IRI Egypt Index', http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2011%20June%205%20IRI%20Egypt%20Index, %20Apr%2014-27, %202011.pdf (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2011)
  • 40
    • 84927581533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Internet User Statistics in Africa 2011 - Q1'
    • (Retrieved 15 June 2011).
    • Internet World Stats 2012 'Internet User Statistics in Africa 2011 - Q1', http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm (Retrieved 15 June 2011).
    • (2012)
  • 41
    • 0032707961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal Trust, Political Trust and Non-Institutionalized Political Participation in Western Europe
    • Kaase, Max 1999 'Interpersonal Trust, Political Trust and Non-Institutionalized Political Participation in Western Europe', West European Politics 22(3): 1-21.
    • (1999) West European Politics , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-21
    • Kaase, M.1
  • 42
    • 84925979701 scopus 로고
    • Relative Deprivation and Resource Mobilization: A Study of Early Quakers
    • Kent, Stephen A. 1982 'Relative Deprivation and Resource Mobilization: A Study of Early Quakers', British Journal of Sociology 33: 529-544.
    • (1982) British Journal of Sociology , vol.33 , pp. 529-544
    • Kent, S.A.1
  • 43
    • 84936628343 scopus 로고
    • Organization, Rationality and Spontaneity in the Civil Rights Movement
    • Killian, Lewis M. 1984 'Organization, Rationality and Spontaneity in the Civil Rights Movement', American Sociological Review 49: 770-783.
    • (1984) American Sociological Review , vol.49 , pp. 770-783
    • Killian, L.M.1
  • 45
    • 84925886657 scopus 로고
    • Conflict, Power and Relative Deprivation
    • Korpi, Walter 1974 'Conflict, Power and Relative Deprivation', American Political Science Review 68: 1569-1578.
    • (1974) American Political Science Review , vol.68 , pp. 1569-1578
    • Korpi, W.1
  • 46
    • 59649106363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Networks and Political Participation: How Do Networks Matter?
    • Lim, Chaeyoon 2008 'Social Networks and Political Participation: How Do Networks Matter?' Social Forces 87: 961-982.
    • (2008) Social Forces , vol.87 , pp. 961-982
    • Lim, C.1
  • 47
    • 84859294329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clicks, Cabs, and Coffee Houses: Social Media and Opposition Movements in Egypt, 2004-2011
    • Lim, Merlyna 2012 'Clicks, Cabs, and Coffee Houses: Social Media and Opposition Movements in Egypt, 2004-2011', Journal of Communication 62: 231-248.
    • (2012) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , pp. 231-248
    • Lim, M.1
  • 49
    • 84858264441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows During the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions
    • Lotan, Gilad, Graeff, Erhardt, Ananny, Mike, Gaffney, Devin, Pearce, Ian and Boyd, Danah 2011 'The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows During the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions', International Journal of Communication 5: 1375-1405.
    • (2011) International Journal of Communication , vol.5 , pp. 1375-1405
    • Lotan, G.1    Graeff, E.2    Ananny, M.3    Gaffney, D.4    Pearce, I.5    Boyd, D.6
  • 50
    • 42149087948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Watching al-Jazeera
    • Lynch, Marc 2005 'Watching al-Jazeera', The Wilson Quarterly 29(3): 36-45.
    • (2005) The Wilson Quarterly , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 36-45
    • Lynch, M.1
  • 51
    • 79958841997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After Egypt: The Limits and Promise of Online Challenges to the Authoritarian Arab State
    • Lynch, Marc 2011 'After Egypt: The Limits and Promise of Online Challenges to the Authoritarian Arab State', Perspectives on Politics 9: 301-310.
    • (2011) Perspectives on Politics , vol.9 , pp. 301-310
    • Lynch, M.1
  • 53
    • 84873117465 scopus 로고
    • Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer
    • McAdam, Doug 1986 'Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer.' American Journal of Sociology 92: 64-90.
    • (1986) American Journal of Sociology , vol.92 , pp. 64-90
    • McAdam, D.1
  • 54
    • 0004269465 scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press.
    • McAdam, Doug 1988 Freedom Summer, New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1988) Freedom Summer
    • McAdam, D.1
  • 55
    • 0347427789 scopus 로고
    • Specifying the Relationship Between Social Ties and Activism
    • McAdam, Doug and Paulsen, Ronnelle 1993 'Specifying the Relationship Between Social Ties and Activism', American Journal of Sociology 99: 640-667.
    • (1993) American Journal of Sociology , vol.99 , pp. 640-667
    • McAdam, D.1    Paulsen, R.2
  • 57
    • 0001330012 scopus 로고
    • Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory
    • McCarthy, John and Zald, Mayer 1977 'Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory', American Journal of Sociology 82: 1212-1241.
    • (1977) American Journal of Sociology , vol.82 , pp. 1212-1241
    • McCarthy, J.1    Zald, M.2
  • 60
    • 84855680533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter
    • Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • Mourtada, Racha and Salem, Fadi 2011a 'Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter', Arab Social Media Report 1(2). http://www.dsg.ae/portals/0/ASMR2.pdf (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2011) Arab Social Media Report , vol.1 , Issue.2
    • Mourtada, R.1    Salem, F.2
  • 61
    • 84898419168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facebook Usage: Factors and Analysis
    • Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • Mourtada, Racha and Salem, Fadi 2011b 'Facebook Usage: Factors and Analysis', Arab Social Media Report 1(1). http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/dsg/unpan044212.pdf (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2011) Arab Social Media Report , vol.1 , Issue.1
    • Mourtada, R.1    Salem, F.2
  • 63
    • 0034216029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Diffusion of Collective Violence: Infectiousness, Susceptibility, and Mass Media Networks
    • Myers, Daniel J. 2000 'The Diffusion of Collective Violence: Infectiousness, Susceptibility, and Mass Media Networks', American Journal of Sociology 106: 173-208.
    • (2000) American Journal of Sociology , vol.106 , pp. 173-208
    • Myers, D.J.1
  • 64
    • 34247868967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Internet and Anti-war Activism: A Case Study of Information, Expression, and Action
    • Nah, Seungahn, Veenstra, Aaron and Shah, Dhavan 2006 'The Internet and Anti-war Activism: A Case Study of Information, Expression, and Action', Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12: 230-247.
    • (2006) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.12 , pp. 230-247
    • Nah, S.1    Veenstra, A.2    Shah, D.3
  • 65
    • 13644260138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who Demonstrates? Antistate Rebels, Conventional Participants, or Everyone?
    • Norris, Pippa, Walgrave, Stefan and Van Aelst, Peter 2005 'Who Demonstrates? Antistate Rebels, Conventional Participants, or Everyone?', Comparative Politics 37: 189-205.
    • (2005) Comparative Politics , vol.37 , pp. 189-205
    • Norris, P.1    Walgrave, S.2    Van Aelst, P.3
  • 66
    • 84927578349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President Obama's Remarks in Turkey
    • New York Times 6 April. (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • Obama, Barack 2009a 'President Obama's Remarks in Turkey', New York Times 6 April. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/06/us/politics/06obama-text.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2009)
    • Obama, B.1
  • 67
    • 85028659040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Text: Obama's Speech in Cairo
    • New York Times 4 June. (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • Obama, Barack 2009b 'Text: Obama's Speech in Cairo', New York Times 4 June. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/04/us/politics/04obama.text.html?pagewanted=all (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2009)
    • Obama, B.1
  • 68
    • 84936823733 scopus 로고
    • If You Don't Do It, Nobody Else Will: Active and Token Contributions to Local Collective Action
    • Oliver, Pamela 1984 'If You Don't Do It, Nobody Else Will: Active and Token Contributions to Local Collective Action', American Sociological Review 49: 601-610.
    • (1984) American Sociological Review , vol.49 , pp. 601-610
    • Oliver, P.1
  • 70
    • 70249149354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democracy, Action, and the Internet after 9/11
    • Rohlinger, Deana A. and Brown, Jordan 2009 'Democracy, Action, and the Internet after 9/11', American Behavioral Scientist 53: 133-150.
    • (2009) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.53 , pp. 133-150
    • Rohlinger, D.A.1    Brown, J.2
  • 71
    • 84886091212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dean's Penguin, or Technology and the Nature of Political Interaction
    • (Retrieved 10 April, 2013).
    • Schmitt, Mark 2003 'Dean's Penguin, or Technology and the Nature of Political Interaction', The Decembrist http://markschmitt.typepad.com/decembrist/2003/12/deans_pengun_or.html (Retrieved 10 April, 2013).
    • (2003) The Decembrist
    • Schmitt, M.1
  • 72
    • 84970392089 scopus 로고
    • The Sociology of News Production
    • Schudson, Michael 1989 'The Sociology of News Production', Media, Culture and Society 1: 263-282.
    • (1989) Media, Culture and Society , vol.1 , pp. 263-282
    • Schudson, M.1
  • 73
    • 79958831866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Political Power of Social Media
    • Shirky, Clay 2011 'The Political Power of Social Media', Foreign Affairs 90(1): 28-41.
    • (2011) Foreign Affairs , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-41
    • Shirky, C.1
  • 74
    • 84903240102 scopus 로고
    • Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation
    • Snow, David A., Rochford, E. Burke, Jr., Worden, Steven K. and Benford, Robert D. 1986 'Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation', American Sociological Review 51: 464-481.
    • (1986) American Sociological Review , vol.51 , pp. 464-481
    • Snow, D.A.1    Rochford Jr, E.B.2    Worden, S.K.3    Benford, R.D.4
  • 75
    • 85116173862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ed., Toronto: Oxford University Press.
    • rd Canadian ed., Toronto: Oxford University Press.
    • (2008) rd Canadian
    • Staggenborg, S.1
  • 77
    • 0036869083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Networks, Identification and Participation in an Environmental Movement: Low-medium Cost Activism Within the British Columbia Wilderness Preservation Movement
    • Tindall, David B. 2002 'Social Networks, Identification and Participation in an Environmental Movement: Low-medium Cost Activism Within the British Columbia Wilderness Preservation Movement', Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 39: 413-452.
    • (2002) Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology , vol.39 , pp. 413-452
    • Tindall, D.B.1
  • 78
    • 0040879427 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
    • Tilly, Charles 1964 The Vendée, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1964) The Vendée
    • Tilly, C.1
  • 81
    • 84859309799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations from Tahrir Square
    • Tufekci, Zeynep and Wilson, Christopher 2012 'Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations from Tahrir Square', Journal of Communication 62: 363-379.
    • (2012) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , pp. 363-379
    • Tufekci, Z.1    Wilson, C.2
  • 82
    • 33749003774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulled, Pushed, and Persuaded: Explaining Women's Mobilization into the Salvadoran Guerrilla Army
    • Viterna, Jocelyn 2006 'Pulled, Pushed, and Persuaded: Explaining Women's Mobilization into the Salvadoran Guerrilla Army', American Journal of Sociology 112: 1-45.
    • (2006) American Journal of Sociology , vol.112 , pp. 1-45
    • Viterna, J.1
  • 83
    • 84927575039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Rural Egyptians Face Same Issues as Urban Protesters'
    • (Retrieved 12 April, 2013).
    • Voice of America 2011 'Rural Egyptians Face Same Issues as Urban Protesters', http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ME14D0s0lRE (Retrieved 12 April, 2013).
    • (2011)
  • 85
    • 84959832323 scopus 로고
    • The Costs and Risks of Social Activism: A Study of Sanctuary Movement Activism
    • Wiltfang, Gregory and McAdam, Doug. 1991 'The Costs and Risks of Social Activism: A Study of Sanctuary Movement Activism', Social Forces 69: 987-1010.
    • (1991) Social Forces , vol.69 , pp. 987-1010
    • Wiltfang, G.1    McAdam, D.2
  • 86
    • 43449136135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Women in National Parliaments'
    • (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • 'Women in National Parliaments' 2012 http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2012)
  • 87
    • 84927567434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Arab Uprising One Year On
    • in Yoel Guzansky and Mark A. Heller (eds), Tel Aviv: Institute for National Security, University of Tel Aviv. (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • Yadlin, Amos 2012 'The Arab Uprising One Year On', in Yoel Guzansky and Mark A. Heller (eds) One Year of the Arab Spring: Global and Regional Implications, Tel Aviv: Institute for National Security, University of Tel Aviv. http://www.inss.org.il/upload/%28FILE%291330948414.pdf (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2012) One Year of the Arab Spring: Global and Regional Implications
    • Yadlin, A.1
  • 88
    • 80052688003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egypt: The First Internet Revolt?
    • (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • Zhuo, Xiaolin, Wellman, Barry and Yu, Justine 2011 'Egypt: The First Internet Revolt?' Peace Magazine 27(3): 6-9. http://peacemagazine.org/archive/v27n3p06.htm (Retrieved 30 April, 2012).
    • (2011) Peace Magazine , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 6-9
    • Zhuo, X.1    Wellman, B.2    Yu, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.