The next breakthrough for organic photovoltaics?

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 77-84

  Jackson, Nicholas E ^a   Savoie, Brett M ^a   Marks, Tobin J ^a   Chen, Lin X ^a   Ratner, Mark A ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC NETWORK ANALYSIS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE;

BULK-HETEROJUNCTION DEVICES; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIALS; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES; STRONG CORRELATION; WEAK CORRELATION; MICRO-STRUCTURAL;

ENERGY EFFICIENCY;

EID: 84926450908     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19487185     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jz502223t     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. He, Z.; Zhong, C; Su, S.; Xu, M.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y. Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells using an inverted device structure. Nat. Photon 2012, 6, 591-595.
2. Green, M. A.; Emery, K.; Hishikawa, Y.; Warta, W.; Dunlop, E. D. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 44). Prog. Photovoltaics 2014, 22, 701-710.
3. Shockley, W.; Queisser, H. Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells. J. Appl. Phys. 1961, 32, 510-519.
4. Scharber, M. C; Muhlbacher, D.; Koppe, M.; Denk, P.; Waldauf, C; Heeger, A J.; Brabec, C. J. Design rules for donors in bulkheterojunction solar cells-Towards 10% energy-conversion efficiency. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 789-794.
5. Web of Science. Thomson Reuters. https://webofknowledge.com (2014).
6. Liang, Y.; Xu, Z.; Xia, J.; Tsai, S.-T.; Wu, Y.; Li, G.; Ray, C.; Yu, L. For the bright future-Bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 7.4%. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, E135-E138.
7. Blouin, N.; Michaud, A; Leclerc, M. A low-bandgap poly (2, 7-carbazole) derivative for use in high-performance solar cells. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 2295-2300.
8. Zhou, H.; Yang, L.; Stuart, A C.; Price, S. C.; Liu, S.; You, W. Development of fluorinated benzothiadiazole as a structural unit for a polymer solar cell of 7% efficiency. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2995-2998.
9. Muhlbacher, D.; Scharber, M.; Morana, M.; Zhu, Z.; Waller, D.; Gaudiana, R; Brabec, C. High photovoltaic performance of a lowbandgap polymer. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 2884-2889.
10. Chu, T. Y.; Lu, J.; Beaupre, S.; Zhang, Y.; Pouliot, J. R.; Wakim, S.; Zhou, J.; Leclerc, M.; Li, Z.; Ding, J. Bulk heterojunction solar cells using thieno [3, 4-c]pyrrole-4, 6-dione and dithieno[3, 2-b:2', 3'-d]silole copolymer with a power conversion efficiency of 7.3%. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 4250-4253.
11. Chen, H.-Y.; Hou, J.; Zhang, S.; Liang, Y.; Yang, G.; Yang, Y.; Yu, L.; Wu, Y.; Li, G. Polymer solar cells with enhanced open-circuit voltage and efficiency. Nat. Photonics 2009, 3, 649-653.
12. Havinga, E. E.; Ten Hoeve, W.; Wynberg, H. Alternate donoracceptor small-band-gap semiconducting polymers; Polysquaraines and polycroconaines. Synth. Met. 1993, 55, 299-306.
13. Vandewal, K.; Tvingstedt, K.; Gadisa, A.; Inganas, O.; Manca, J. V. On the origin of the open-circuit voltage of polymer-fullerene solar cells. Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 904-909.
14. Giebink, N.; Wiederrecht, G; Wasielewski, M.; Forrest, S. Thermodynamic efficiency limit of excitonic solar cells. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83, 95326.
15. Servaites, J. D.; Savoie, B. M.; Brink, J. B.; Marks, T.; Ratner, M. Modeling geminate pair dissociation in organic solar cells: High power conversion efficiencies achieved with moderate optical bandgaps. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 8343-8350.
16. Savoie, B. M.; Jackson, N. E.; Marks, T. J.; Ratner, M. A. Reassessing the use of one-electron energetics in the design and characterization of organic photovoltaics. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 4538-4547.
17. Cardona, C. M.; Li, W.; Kaifer, A. E.; Stockdale, D.; Bazan, G. C. Electrochemical considerations for determining absolute frontier orbital energy levels of conjugated polymers for solar cell applications. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 2367-2371.
18. Kronholm, D. F.; Hummelen, J. C. Fullerene-based acceptor materials. In Organic photovoltaics: materials, device physics, and manufacturing technologies, Brabec, C. J., Dyakonov, V., Scherf, U., Eds.; Wiley: Weinheim, Germany, 2008; pp 155-178.
19. Dang, M. T.; Hirsch, L.; Wantz, G. P3HT: PCBM, Best seller in polymer photovoltaic research. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 3597-3602.
20. Gebeyehu, D.; Brabec, C.; Padinger, F.; Fromherz, T.; Hummelen, J. C.; Badt, D.; Schindler, H.; Sariciftci, N. S. The interplay of efficiency and morphology in photovoltaic devices based on interpenetrating networks of conjugated polymers with fullerenes. Synth. Met. 2001, 118, 1-9.
21. Ma, W.; Yang, C.; Gong, X.; Lee, K.; Heeger, A. Thermally stable, efficient polymer solar cells with nanoscale control of the interpenetrating network morphology. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1617-1622.
22. Peet, J.; Kim, J. Y.; Coates, N. E.; Ma, W. L.; Moses, D.; Heeger, A. J.; Bazan, G. C. Efficiency enhancement in low-bandgap polymer solar cells by processing with alkane dithiols. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 497-500.
23. Sun, Y.; Welch, G. C.; Leong, W. L.; Takacs, C. J.; Bazan, G. C.; Heeger, A. J. Solution-processed small-molecule solar cells with 6.7% efficiency. Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 44-48.
24. Coughlin, J. E.; Henson, Z. B.; Welch, G. C.; Bazan, G. C. Design and synthesis of molecular donors for solution-processed highefficiency organic solar cells. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 257-270.
25. Kyaw, A. K. K.; Wang, D. H.; Gupta, V.; Zhang, J.; Chand, S.; Bazan, G. C.; Heeger, A. J. Efficient solution-processed small-molecule solar cells with inverted structure. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2397-2402.
26. Guo, X.; Zhou, N.; Lou, S. J.; Smith, J.; Tice, D. B.; Hennek, J. W.; Ortiz, R. P.; Navarrete, J. T. L.; Li, S.; Strzalka, J.; et al. Polymer solar cells with enhanced fill factors. Nat. Photonics 2013, 7, 825-833.
27. Jo, J.; Pron, A.; Berrouard, P.; Leong, W.; Yuen, J. D.; Moon, J. S.; Leclerc, M.; Heeger, A. J. A new terthiophene-thienopyrrolodione copolymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cell with high open-circuit voltage. Adv. Energy Mater. 2012, 2, 1397-1403.
28. He, Z.; Zhong, C.; Huang, X.; Wong, W.-Y.; Wu, H.; Chen, L.; Su, S.; Cao, Y. Simultaneous enhancement of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor in polymer solar cells. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4636-4643.
29. He, Z.; Zhong, C.; Su, S.; Xu, M.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y. Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells using an inverted device structure. Nat. Photonics 2012, 6, 591-595.
30. Zhou, H.; Yang, L.; Stuart, A. C.; Price, S. C.; Liu, S.; You, W. Development of fluorinated benzothiadiazole as a structural unit for a polymer solar cell of 7% efficiency. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2995-2998.
31. Alstrup, J.; Jørgensen, M.; Medford, A. J.; Krebs, F. C. Ultra fast and parsimonious materials screening for polymer solar cells using differentially pumped slot-die coating. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2, 2819-2827.
32. Luber, E. J.; Buriak, J. M. Reporting performance in organic photovoltaic devices. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 4708-4714.
33. Gevorgyan, S.; Zubillaga, O.; Seoane, J. D.; Machado, M.; Parlak, E. A.; Tore, N.; Voroshazi, E.; Aernouts, T.; Mullejans, H.; Bardizza, G.; et al. Round robin performance testing of organic photovoltaic devices. Renewable Energy 2014, 63, 376-387.
34. Zimmermann, E.; Ehrenreich, P.; Pfadler, T.; Dorman, J. A.; Weickert, J.; Schmidt-Mende, L. Erroneous efficiency reports harm organic solar cell research. Nat. Photonics 2014, 8, 669-672.
35. Giebink, N.; Wiederrecht, G.; Wasielewski, M.; Forrest, S. Ideal diode equation for organic heterojunctions. I. Derivation and application. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 82, 155305.
36. Maurano, A.; Hamilton, R.; Shuttle, C. G.; Ballantyne, A. M.; Nelson, J.; O'Regan, B.; Zhang, W.; McCulloch, I.; Azimi, H.; Morana, M.; Brabec, C. J.; et al. Recombination dynamics as a key determinant of open circuit voltage in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells: A comparison of four different donor polymers. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 4987-4992.
37. Ray, B.; Lundstrom, M. S.; Alam, M. A. Can morphology tailoring improve the open circuit voltage of organic solar cells? Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 100, 013307.
38. Ray, B.; Alam, M. A. Random vs regularized OPV: Limits of performance gain of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells by morphology engineering. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 2012, 99, 204-212.
39. Padinger, F.; Rittberger, R. S.; Sariciftci, N. S. Effects of postproduction treatment on plastic solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003, 13, 85-88.
40. Li, G.; Shrotriya, V.; Huang, J.; Yao, Y.; Moriarty, T.; Emery, K.; Yang, Y. High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 864-868.
41. Hiszpanski, A. M.; Loo, Y.-L. Directing the film structure of organic semiconductors via post-deposition processing for transistor and solar cell applications. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 592-608.
42. Nguyen, T.-Q.; Doan, V.; Schwartz, B. J. Conjugated polymer aggregates in solution: Control of interchain interactions. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 110, 4068-4078.
43. Bartelt, J. A.; Douglas, J. D.; Mateker, W. R.; Labban, A. E.; Tassone, C. J.; Toney, M. F.; Frechet, J. M. J.; Beaujuge, P. M.; McGehee, M. D. Controlling solution-phase polymer aggregation with molecular weight and solvent additives to optimize polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 2014, 4, 1301733.
44. Pavlopoulou, E.; Kim, C. S.; Lee, S. S.; Chen, Z.; Facchetti, A.; Toney, M. F.; Loo, Y.-L. Tuning the morphology of all-polymer OPVs through altering polymer-solvent interactions. Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 5020-5027.
45. Lou, S. J.; Szarko, J. M.; Xu, T.; Yu, L.; Marks, T. J.; Chen, L. X. Effects of additives on the morphology of solution phase aggregates formed by active layer components of high-efficiency organic solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 20661-20663.
46. Li, W.; Hendriks, K. H.; Furlan, A.; Roelofs, W. S. C.; Meskers, S. C. J.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Effect of the fibrillar microstructure on the efficiency of high molecular weight diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer solar cells. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 1565-1570.
47. Kline, R. J.; De Longchamp, D. M.; Fischer, D. A.; Lin, E. K.; Richter, L. J.; Chabinyc, M. L.; Toney, M. F.; Heeney, M.; McCulloch, I. Critical role of side-chain attachment density on the order and device performance of polythiophenes. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 7960-7965.
48. Mei, J.; Bao, Z. Side chain engineering in solution-processable conjugated polymers. Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 604-615.
49. Szarko, J. M.; Guo, J.; Liang, Y.; Lee, B.; Rolczynski, B. S.; Strzalka, J.; Xu, T.; Loser, S.; Marks, T. J.; Yu, L.; Chen, L. X. When function follows form: Effects of donor copolymer side chains on film morphology and BHJ solar cell performance. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 5468-5472.
50. Harschneck, T.; Zhou, N.; Manley, E. F.; Lou, S. J.; Yu, X.; Butler, M. R.; Timalsina, A.; Turrisi, R.; Ratner, M. A.; Chen, L. X.; Chang, R. P. H.; Facchetti, A.; Marks, T. J. Substantial photovoltaic response and morphology tuning in benzo[1, 2-b:6, 5-b']dithiophene (bBDT) molecular donors. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 4099-4101.
51. Son, H. J.; Wang, W.; Xu, T.; Liang, Y.; Wu, Y.; Li, G.; Yu, L. Synthesis of fluorinated polythienothiophene-co-benzodithiophenes and effect of fluorination on the photovoltaic properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 1885-1894.
52. Kim, Y.; Cook, S.; Tuladhar, S. M.; Choulis, S. A.; Nelson, J.; Durrant, J. R.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Giles, M.; McCulloch, I.; Ha, C.-S.; et al. Strong regioregularity effect in self-organizing conjugated polymer films and high-efficiency polythiophene: fullerene solar cells. Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 197-203.
53. Bounos, G.; Ghosh, S.; Lee, A. K.; Plunkett, K. N.; Du Bay, K. H.; Bolinger, J. C.; Zhang, R.; Friesner, R. A.; Nuckolls, C.; Reichman, D. R.; et al. Controlling chain conformation in conjugated polymers using defect inclusion strategies. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 10155-10160.
54. Terao, J.; Wadahama, A.; Matono, A.; Tada, T.; Watanabe, S.; Seki, S.; Fujihara, T.; Tsuji, Y. Design principle for increasing charge mobility of π-conjugated polymers using regularly localized molecular orbitals. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1-9.
55. Li, L.-H.; Kontsevoi, O. Y.; Freeman, A. J. Atomic-scale understanding of the interaction of poly (3-hexylthiophene) with the NiO (100) surface: A first-principles study. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 20298-20305.
56. Hendriks, K. H.; Heintges, G. H. L.; Gevaerts, V. S.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. High-molecular-weight regular alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole-based terpolymers for efficient organic solar cells. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 8341-8344.
57. Jankowski, E.; Marsh, H. S.; Jayaraman, A. Computationally linking molecular features of conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives to bulk heterojunction morphology. Macromolecules 2013, 46, 5775-5785.
58. Kumar, R.; Goswami, M.; Sumpter, B. G.; Novikov, V. N.; Sokolov, A. P. Effects of backbone rigidity on the local structure and dynamics in polymer melts and glasses. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 4604-4609.
59. Olivier, Y.; Niedzialek, D.; Lemaur, V.; Pisula, W.; Mullen, K.; Koldemir, U.; Reynolds, J. R.; Lazzaroni, R.; Cornil, J.; Beljonne, D. 25th Anniversary Article: High-mobility hole and electron transport conjugated pPolymers: How structure defines function. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 2119-2136.
60. Ruhle, V.; Kirkpatrick, J.; Andrienko, D. A multiscale description of charge transport in conjugated oligomers. J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 132, 134103.
61. Kouijzer, S.; Michels, J. J.; Van Den Berg, M.; Gevaerts, V. S.; Turbiez, M.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Predicting morphologies of solution processed polymer: fullerene blends. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 12057-12067.
62. Carbone, P.; Troisi, A. Charge Diffusion in semiconducting polymers: Analytical relation between polymer rigidity and time scales for intrachain and interchain hopping. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 2637-2641.
63. Proctor, C. M.; Love, J. A.; Nguyen, T.-Q. Mobility guidelines for high fill factor solution-processed small molecule solar cells. Adv. Mater. 2014, 24, 5957-5961.
64. Jackson, N. E.; Savoie, B. M.; Kohlstedt, K. L.; Olvera De La Cruz, M.; Schatz, G. C.; Chen, L. X.; Ratner, M. A. Controlling conformations of conjugated polymers and small molecules: The role of nonbonding interactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10475-10483.
65. Xiao, Z.; Sun, K.; Subbiah, J.; Ji, S.; Jones, D. J.; Wong, W. W. H. Hydrogen bonding in bulk heterojunction solar cells: A case study. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 1-7.
66. Lu, L.; Luo, Z.; Xu, T.; Yu, L. Cooperative plasmonic effect of Ag and Au nanoparticles on enhancing performance of polymer solar cells. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 59-64.
67. Irwin, M. D.; Buchholz, D. B.; Hains, A. W.; Chang, R. P. H.; Marks, T. J. p-Type semiconducting nickel oxide as an efficiencyenhancing anode interfacial layer in polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105, 2783-2787.
68. Murray, I. P.; Lou, S. J.; Cote, L. J.; Loser, S.; Kadleck, C. J.; Xu, T.; Szarko, J. M.; Rolczynski, B. S.; Johns, J. E.; Huang, J.; et al. Graphene oxide interlayers for robust, high-efficiency organic photovoltaics. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 3006-3012.
69. Potscavage, W. J.; Sharma, A.; Kippelen, B. Critical interfaces in organic solar cells and their influence on the open-circuit voltage. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 1758-1767.
70. Valle, B.; Loser, S.; Hennek, J. W.; De George, V.; Klosterman, C.; Andrews, J. H.; Singer, K. D.; Marks, T. J. Spectral aspects of cavity tuned absorption in organic photovoltaic films. Opt. Express 2012, 20, A954-A963.