메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 730-739

Hypomagnesemia, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular mortality: Pronounced association but unproven causation

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Chronic kidney disease; Hemodialysis; Magnesium; Mortality; Peritoneal dialysis

Indexed keywords

INSULIN; MAGNESIUM;

EID: 84926147515     PISSN: 14927535     EISSN: 15424758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12159     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 38349078268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell (patho)physiology of magnesium
    • Wolf FI, Trapani V. Cell (patho)physiology of magnesium. Clin Sci (Lond). 2008; 114:27-35.
    • (2008) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.114 , pp. 27-35
    • Wolf, F.I.1    Trapani, V.2
  • 2
    • 0030093272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulation by neuropeptides in magnesium deficiency: Ex vivo effect of enhanced substance P production on circulating T lymphocytes from magnesium-deficient mice
    • Weglicki WB, Dickens BF, Wagner TL, Chmielinska JJ, Phillips TM. Immunoregulation by neuropeptides in magnesium deficiency: Ex vivo effect of enhanced substance P production on circulating T lymphocytes from magnesium-deficient mice. Magnes Res. 1996; 9:3-11.
    • (1996) Magnes Res , vol.9 , pp. 3-11
    • Weglicki, W.B.1    Dickens, B.F.2    Wagner, T.L.3    Chmielinska, J.J.4    Phillips, T.M.5
  • 3
    • 0034660581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory response following acute magnesium deficiency in the rat
    • Malpuech-Brugère C, Nowacki W, Daveau M, etal. Inflammatory response following acute magnesium deficiency in the rat. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000; 1501:91-98.
    • (2000) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1501 , pp. 91-98
    • Malpuech-Brugère, C.1    Nowacki, W.2    Daveau, M.3
  • 4
    • 33748413174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between serum magnesium, parathyroid hormone, and vascular calcification in patients on dialysis: A literature review
    • Wei M, Esbaei K, Bargman J, Oreopoulos DG. Relationship between serum magnesium, parathyroid hormone, and vascular calcification in patients on dialysis: A literature review. Perit Dial Int. 2006; 26:366-373.
    • (2006) Perit Dial Int , vol.26 , pp. 366-373
    • Wei, M.1    Esbaei, K.2    Bargman, J.3    Oreopoulos, D.G.4
  • 5
    • 0014175737 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium metabolism
    • Walser M. Magnesium metabolism. Ergeb Physiol. 1967; 59:185-296.
    • (1967) Ergeb Physiol , vol.59 , pp. 185-296
    • Walser, M.1
  • 6
    • 0023992113 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium metabolism in health and disease
    • Elin RJ. Magnesium metabolism in health and disease. Dis Mon. 1988; 34:161-218.
    • (1988) Dis Mon , vol.34 , pp. 161-218
    • Elin, R.J.1
  • 7
    • 67349087734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium metabolism in health and disease
    • Musso CG. Magnesium metabolism in health and disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2009; 41:357-362.
    • (2009) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.41 , pp. 357-362
    • Musso, C.G.1
  • 8
    • 84862866376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A novel predictor of end-stage renal disease
    • Sakaguchi Y, Shoji T, Hayashi T, etal. Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A novel predictor of end-stage renal disease. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35:1591-1597.
    • (2012) Diabetes Care , vol.35 , pp. 1591-1597
    • Sakaguchi, Y.1    Shoji, T.2    Hayashi, T.3
  • 9
    • 30944439094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher magnesium dialysate concentration treats hypomagnesemia
    • Eisenman K, Holley JLA. Higher magnesium dialysate concentration treats hypomagnesemia. Perit Dial Int. 2005; 25:604-605.
    • (2005) Perit Dial Int , vol.25 , pp. 604-605
    • Eisenman, K.1    Holley, J.L.A.2
  • 10
    • 0023613603 scopus 로고
    • Diuretics and potassium/magnesium depletion. Directions for treatment
    • Ryan MP. Diuretics and potassium/magnesium depletion. Directions for treatment. Am J Med. 1987; 82:38-47.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.82 , pp. 38-47
    • Ryan, M.P.1
  • 11
    • 0025797708 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and magnesium conservation in patients with congestive cardiac failure
    • Stevenson RN, Keywood C, Amadi AA, Davies JR, Patterson DL. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and magnesium conservation in patients with congestive cardiac failure. Br Heart J. 1991; 66:19-21.
    • (1991) Br Heart J , vol.66 , pp. 19-21
    • Stevenson, R.N.1    Keywood, C.2    Amadi, A.A.3    Davies, J.R.4    Patterson, D.L.5
  • 12
    • 38149006370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of dietary magnesium in cardiovascular disease prevention, insulin sensitivity and diabetes
    • Bo S, Pisu E. Role of dietary magnesium in cardiovascular disease prevention, insulin sensitivity and diabetes. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2008; 19:50-56.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Lipidol , vol.19 , pp. 50-56
    • Bo, S.1    Pisu, E.2
  • 13
    • 84871416681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of serum magnesium and calcium on the association between adiponectin levels and all-cause mortality in end-stage renal disease patients
    • Markaki A, Kyriazis J, Stylianou K, etal. The role of serum magnesium and calcium on the association between adiponectin levels and all-cause mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7:e52350.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e52350
    • Markaki, A.1    Kyriazis, J.2    Stylianou, K.3
  • 14
    • 0037421518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio-metabolic syndrome X
    • Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Galioto A, etal. Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio-metabolic syndrome X. Mol Aspects Med. 2003; 24:39-52.
    • (2003) Mol Aspects Med , vol.24 , pp. 39-52
    • Barbagallo, M.1    Dominguez, L.J.2    Galioto, A.3
  • 15
    • 42549130998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium deficiency and endothelial dysfunction: Is oxidative stress involved?
    • Wolf FI, Trapani V, Simonacci M, Ferré S, Maier JA. Magnesium deficiency and endothelial dysfunction: Is oxidative stress involved? Magnes Res. 2008; 21:58-64.
    • (2008) Magnes Res , vol.21 , pp. 58-64
    • Wolf, F.I.1    Trapani, V.2    Simonacci, M.3    Ferré, S.4    Maier, J.A.5
  • 16
  • 17
    • 84883232047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypomagnesemia and the risk of death and GFR decline in chronic kidney disease
    • Van Laecke S, Nagler EV, Verbeke F, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Hypomagnesemia and the risk of death and GFR decline in chronic kidney disease. Am J Med. 2013; 126:825-831.
    • (2013) Am J Med , vol.126 , pp. 825-831
    • Van Laecke, S.1    Nagler, E.V.2    Verbeke, F.3    Van Biesen, W.4    Vanholder, R.5
  • 18
    • 84865596379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between serum magnesium levels and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients
    • Kanbay M, Yilmaz MI, APetrii M, etal. Relationship between serum magnesium levels and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients. Am J Nephrol. 2012; 36:228-237.
    • (2012) Am J Nephrol , vol.36 , pp. 228-237
    • Kanbay, M.1    Yilmaz, M.I.2    APetrii, M.3
  • 19
    • 38049096240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum magnesium concentration is a significant predictor of mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients
    • Ishimura E, Okuno S, Yamakawa T, Inaba M, Nishizawa Y. Serum magnesium concentration is a significant predictor of mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Magnes Res. 2007; 20:237-244.
    • (2007) Magnes Res , vol.20 , pp. 237-244
    • Ishimura, E.1    Okuno, S.2    Yamakawa, T.3    Inaba, M.4    Nishizawa, Y.5
  • 20
    • 84891560448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypomagnesemia is a significant predictor of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis
    • Sakaguchi Y, Fujii N, Shoji T, Hayashi T, Rakugi H, Isaka Y. Hypomagnesemia is a significant predictor of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2013; 85:174-181.
    • (2013) Kidney Int , vol.85 , pp. 174-181
    • Sakaguchi, Y.1    Fujii, N.2    Shoji, T.3    Hayashi, T.4    Rakugi, H.5    Isaka, Y.6
  • 22
    • 21044432738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower serum magnesium levels are associated with more rapid decline of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
    • Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham PA, etal. Lower serum magnesium levels are associated with more rapid decline of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Clin Nephrol. 2005; 63:429-436.
    • (2005) Clin Nephrol , vol.63 , pp. 429-436
    • Pham, P.C.1    Pham, P.M.2    Pham, P.A.3
  • 24
    • 1042268737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women
    • Lopez-Ridaura R, Willett WC, Rimm EB, etal. Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27:134-140.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 134-140
    • Lopez-Ridaura, R.1    Willett, W.C.2    Rimm, E.B.3
  • 25
    • 79251647026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium intake in relation to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and the incidence of diabetes
    • Kim DJ, Xun P, Liu K, etal. Magnesium intake in relation to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and the incidence of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33:2604-2610.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 2604-2610
    • Kim, D.J.1    Xun, P.2    Liu, K.3
  • 26
    • 0033947880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum ionized magnesium levels in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or clinical proteinuria
    • Corsonello A, Ientile R, Buemi M, etal. Serum ionized magnesium levels in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or clinical proteinuria. Am J Nephrol. 2000; 20:187-192.
    • (2000) Am J Nephrol , vol.20 , pp. 187-192
    • Corsonello, A.1    Ientile, R.2    Buemi, M.3
  • 27
    • 66649116585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The link between lower serum magnesium and kidney function in patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2 deserves a closer look
    • Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham PT, etal. The link between lower serum magnesium and kidney function in patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2 deserves a closer look. Clin Nephrol. 2009; 71:375-379.
    • (2009) Clin Nephrol , vol.71 , pp. 375-379
    • Pham, P.C.1    Pham, P.M.2    Pham, P.T.3
  • 28
    • 84879454311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
    • Del Gobbo LC, Imamura F, Wu JH, de Oliveira Otto MC, Chiuve SE, Mozaffarian D. Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 98:160-173.
    • (2013) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.98 , pp. 160-173
    • Del Gobbo, L.C.1    Imamura, F.2    Wu, J.H.3    de Oliveira Otto, M.C.4    Chiuve, S.E.5    Mozaffarian, D.6
  • 29
    • 84865051099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium: Novel applications in cardiovascular disease-a review of the literature
    • Kupetsky-Rincon EA, Uitto J. Magnesium: Novel applications in cardiovascular disease-a review of the literature. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012; 61:102-110.
    • (2012) Ann Nutr Metab , vol.61 , pp. 102-110
    • Kupetsky-Rincon, E.A.1    Uitto, J.2
  • 30
    • 0033821519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological and pathophysiological role of magnesium in the cardiovascular system: Implications in hypertension
    • Laurant P, Touyz RM. Physiological and pathophysiological role of magnesium in the cardiovascular system: Implications in hypertension. J Hypertens. 2000; 18:1177-1191.
    • (2000) J Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 1177-1191
    • Laurant, P.1    Touyz, R.M.2
  • 31
    • 84857699742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cells and magnesium: Implications in atherosclerosis
    • Maier JA. Endothelial cells and magnesium: Implications in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond). 2012; 122:397-407.
    • (2012) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.122 , pp. 397-407
    • Maier, J.A.1
  • 32
    • 77956652811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium deficiency promotes a pro-atherogenic phenotype in cultured human endothelial cells via activation of NFkB
    • Ferrè S, Baldoli E, Leidi M, Maier JA. Magnesium deficiency promotes a pro-atherogenic phenotype in cultured human endothelial cells via activation of NFkB. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010; 1802:952-958.
    • (2010) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1802 , pp. 952-958
    • Ferrè, S.1    Baldoli, E.2    Leidi, M.3    Maier, J.A.4
  • 33
    • 80052296951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. A clinical update from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)
    • Herzog CA, Asinger RW, Berger AK, etal. Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. A clinical update from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int. 2011; 80:572-586.
    • (2011) Kidney Int , vol.80 , pp. 572-586
    • Herzog, C.A.1    Asinger, R.W.2    Berger, A.K.3
  • 35
    • 84894053376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypomagnesemia and prehypertension in otherwise healthy individuals
    • Epub ahead of print.
    • Rodríguez-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero F. Hypomagnesemia and prehypertension in otherwise healthy individuals. Eur J Intern Med. 2014; 25:128-131. Epub ahead of print.
    • (2014) Eur J Intern Med , vol.25 , pp. 128-131
    • Rodríguez-Moran, M.1    Guerrero-Romero, F.2
  • 36
    • 84891508979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowered magnesium in hypertension
    • Kisters K, Gröber U. Lowered magnesium in hypertension. Hypertension. 2013; 62:e19.
    • (2013) Hypertension , vol.62 , pp. e19
    • Kisters, K.1    Gröber, U.2
  • 37
    • 0029072419 scopus 로고
    • Associations of serum and dietary magnesium with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, insulin, and carotid arterial wall thickness: The ARIC study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Ma J, Folsom AR, Melnick SL, etal. Associations of serum and dietary magnesium with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, insulin, and carotid arterial wall thickness: The ARIC study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995; 48:927-940.
    • (1995) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.48 , pp. 927-940
    • Ma, J.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Melnick, S.L.3
  • 38
    • 0036077076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    • Jee SH, Miller ER 3rd, Guallar E, Singh VK, Appel LJ, Klag MJ. The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Hypertens. 2002; 15:691-696.
    • (2002) Am J Hypertens , vol.15 , pp. 691-696
    • Jee, S.H.1    Miller 3rd, E.R.2    Guallar, E.3    Singh, V.K.4    Appel, L.J.5    Klag, M.J.6
  • 39
    • 33750122862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium supplementation for the management of essential hypertension in adults
    • CD004640.
    • Dickinson HO, Nicolson DJ, Campbell F, etal. Magnesium supplementation for the management of essential hypertension in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; (3):CD004640.
    • (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.3
    • Dickinson, H.O.1    Nicolson, D.J.2    Campbell, F.3
  • 40
    • 77950268604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium supplements may enhance the effect of antihypertensive medications in stage 1 hypertensive subjects
    • Rosanoff A. Magnesium supplements may enhance the effect of antihypertensive medications in stage 1 hypertensive subjects. Magnes Res. 2010; 23:27-40.
    • (2010) Magnes Res , vol.23 , pp. 27-40
    • Rosanoff, A.1
  • 41
    • 77649106201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone receptor antagonists: Effective but often forgotten
    • Maron BA, Leopold JA. Aldosterone receptor antagonists: Effective but often forgotten. Circulation. 2010; 121:934-949.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 934-949
    • Maron, B.A.1    Leopold, J.A.2
  • 43
    • 42049100585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downregulation of renal TRPM7 and increased inflammation and fibrosis in aldosterone-infused mice: Effects of magnesium
    • Sontia B, Montezano AC, Paravicini T, Tabet F, Touyz RM. Downregulation of renal TRPM7 and increased inflammation and fibrosis in aldosterone-infused mice: Effects of magnesium. Hypertension. 2008; 51:915-921.
    • (2008) Hypertension , vol.51 , pp. 915-921
    • Sontia, B.1    Montezano, A.C.2    Paravicini, T.3    Tabet, F.4    Touyz, R.M.5
  • 44
    • 84881112018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone signaling through transient receptor potential melastatin 7 cation channel (TRPM7) and its α-kinase domain
    • Yogi A, Callera GE, O'Connor S, etal. Aldosterone signaling through transient receptor potential melastatin 7 cation channel (TRPM7) and its α-kinase domain. Cell Signal. 2013; 25:2163-2175.
    • (2013) Cell Signal , vol.25 , pp. 2163-2175
    • Yogi, A.1    Callera, G.E.2    O'Connor, S.3
  • 45
    • 79958765852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of renal transient receptor potential melastatin 6/7 but not paracellin-1 in aldosterone-induced hypertension and kidney damage in a model of hereditary hypomagnesemia
    • Yogi A, Callera GE, O'Connor SE, etal. Dysregulation of renal transient receptor potential melastatin 6/7 but not paracellin-1 in aldosterone-induced hypertension and kidney damage in a model of hereditary hypomagnesemia. J Hypertens. 2011; 29:1400-1410.
    • (2011) J Hypertens , vol.29 , pp. 1400-1410
    • Yogi, A.1    Callera, G.E.2    O'Connor, S.E.3
  • 46
    • 77955171449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial dysfunction and subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate in hypertensive patients
    • Perticone F, Maio R, Perticone M, etal. Endothelial dysfunction and subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate in hypertensive patients. Circulation. 2010; 122:379-384.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.122 , pp. 379-384
    • Perticone, F.1    Maio, R.2    Perticone, M.3
  • 47
    • 2442711141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low magnesium promotes endothelial cell dysfunction: Implications for atherosclerosis, inflammation and thrombosis
    • Maier JA, Malpuech-Brugère C, Zimowska W, Rayssiguier Y, Mazur A. Low magnesium promotes endothelial cell dysfunction: Implications for atherosclerosis, inflammation and thrombosis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004; 1689:13-21.
    • (2004) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1689 , pp. 13-21
    • Maier, J.A.1    Malpuech-Brugère, C.2    Zimowska, W.3    Rayssiguier, Y.4    Mazur, A.5
  • 48
    • 59849120832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of vascular TRPM7 and annexin-1 is associated with endothelial dysfunction in inherited hypomagnesemia
    • Paravicini TM, Yogi A, Mazur A, Touyz RM. Dysregulation of vascular TRPM7 and annexin-1 is associated with endothelial dysfunction in inherited hypomagnesemia. Hypertension. 2009; 53:423-429.
    • (2009) Hypertension , vol.53 , pp. 423-429
    • Paravicini, T.M.1    Yogi, A.2    Mazur, A.3    Touyz, R.M.4
  • 49
    • 0037084089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of hypomagnesemia in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy
    • Miura K, Nakatani T, Asai T, etal. Role of hypomagnesemia in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. Transplantation. 2002; 73:340-347.
    • (2002) Transplantation , vol.73 , pp. 340-347
    • Miura, K.1    Nakatani, T.2    Asai, T.3
  • 50
  • 51
    • 62749159031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, hemostasis, and the risk of kidney function decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Bash LD, Erlinger TP, Coresh J, Marsh-Manzi J, Folsom AR, Astor BC. Inflammation, hemostasis, and the risk of kidney function decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009; 53:596-605.
    • (2009) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.53 , pp. 596-605
    • Bash, L.D.1    Erlinger, T.P.2    Coresh, J.3    Marsh-Manzi, J.4    Folsom, A.R.5    Astor, B.C.6
  • 52
    • 24944576760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of inflammation and progression of chronic kidney disease
    • Tonelli M, Sacks F, Pfeffer M, etal. Biomarkers of inflammation and progression of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2005; 68:237-245.
    • (2005) Kidney Int , vol.68 , pp. 237-245
    • Tonelli, M.1    Sacks, F.2    Pfeffer, M.3
  • 53
    • 0242488938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha following endotoxin challenge from rat alveolar macrophages cultured in low-mg(2+) medium
    • Shogi T, Miyamoto A, Ishiguro S, Nishio A. Enhanced release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha following endotoxin challenge from rat alveolar macrophages cultured in low-mg(2+) medium. Magnes Res. 2003; 16:111-119.
    • (2003) Magnes Res , vol.16 , pp. 111-119
    • Shogi, T.1    Miyamoto, A.2    Ishiguro, S.3    Nishio, A.4
  • 54
    • 0012345646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a low extracellular magnesium concentration and endotoxin on IL-1beta and TNF-alpha release from, and mRNA levels in, isolated rat alveolar macrophages
    • Shogi T, Oono H, Nakagawa M, Miyamoto A, Ishiguro S, Nishio A. Effects of a low extracellular magnesium concentration and endotoxin on IL-1beta and TNF-alpha release from, and mRNA levels in, isolated rat alveolar macrophages. Magnes Res. 2002; 15:147-152.
    • (2002) Magnes Res , vol.15 , pp. 147-152
    • Shogi, T.1    Oono, H.2    Nakagawa, M.3    Miyamoto, A.4    Ishiguro, S.5    Nishio, A.6
  • 56
    • 80054998703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low serum magnesium concentrations predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
    • Reffelmann T, Ittermann T, Dörr M, etal. Low serum magnesium concentrations predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Atherosclerosis. 2011; 219:280-284.
    • (2011) Atherosclerosis , vol.219 , pp. 280-284
    • Reffelmann, T.1    Ittermann, T.2    Dörr, M.3
  • 57
    • 84874780456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium and the risk of cardiovascular events: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
    • Qu X, Jin F, Hao Y, etal. Magnesium and the risk of cardiovascular events: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8:e57720.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e57720
    • Qu, X.1    Jin, F.2    Hao, Y.3
  • 58
    • 84873805794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum and dietary magnesium and incidence of atrial fibrillation in whites and in African Americans-Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
    • Misialek JR, Lopez FL, Lutsey PL, etal. Serum and dietary magnesium and incidence of atrial fibrillation in whites and in African Americans-Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Circ J. 2013; 77:323-329.
    • (2013) Circ J , vol.77 , pp. 323-329
    • Misialek, J.R.1    Lopez, F.L.2    Lutsey, P.L.3
  • 59
    • 0027405741 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and prognostic significance of serum magnesium concentration in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure: The PROMISE Study
    • Eichhorn EJ, Tandon PK, DiBianco R, etal. Clinical and prognostic significance of serum magnesium concentration in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure: The PROMISE Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993; 21:634-640.
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.21 , pp. 634-640
    • Eichhorn, E.J.1    Tandon, P.K.2    DiBianco, R.3
  • 60
    • 77957837414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of association between serum magnesium and the risks of hypertension and cardiovascular disease
    • Khan AM, Sullivan L, McCabe E, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wang TJ. Lack of association between serum magnesium and the risks of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J. 2010; 160:715-720.
    • (2010) Am Heart J , vol.160 , pp. 715-720
    • Khan, A.M.1    Sullivan, L.2    McCabe, E.3    Levy, D.4    Vasan, R.S.5    Wang, T.J.6
  • 62
    • 19944384589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium intake, C-reactive protein, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older U.S. women
    • Song Y, Ridker PM, Manson JE, Cook NR, Buring JE, Liu S. Magnesium intake, C-reactive protein, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older U.S. women. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28:1438-1444.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1438-1444
    • Song, Y.1    Ridker, P.M.2    Manson, J.E.3    Cook, N.R.4    Buring, J.E.5    Liu, S.6
  • 64
    • 0031718696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is low magnesium concentration a risk factor for coronary heart disease? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Liao F, Folsom AR, Brancati FL. Is low magnesium concentration a risk factor for coronary heart disease? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am Heart J. 1998; 136:480-490.
    • (1998) Am Heart J , vol.136 , pp. 480-490
    • Liao, F.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Brancati, F.L.3
  • 66
    • 84862786340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of dietary magnesium intake with mortality from cardiovascular disease: The JACC study. JACC Study Group
    • Zhang W, Iso H, Ohira T, Date C, Tamakoshi A. Associations of dietary magnesium intake with mortality from cardiovascular disease: The JACC study. JACC Study Group. Atherosclerosis. 2012; 221:587-595.
    • (2012) Atherosclerosis , vol.221 , pp. 587-595
    • Zhang, W.1    Iso, H.2    Ohira, T.3    Date, C.4    Tamakoshi, A.5
  • 67
    • 84884395050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary and plasma magnesium and risk of coronary heart disease among women
    • Chiuve SE, Sun Q, Curhan GC, etal. Dietary and plasma magnesium and risk of coronary heart disease among women. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013; 2:e000114.
    • (2013) J Am Heart Assoc , vol.2 , pp. e000114
    • Chiuve, S.E.1    Sun, Q.2    Curhan, G.C.3
  • 68
    • 2442681474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac diseases in maintenance hemodialysis patients: Results of the HEMO Study
    • Cheung AK, Sarnak MJ, Yan G, etal. Cardiac diseases in maintenance hemodialysis patients: Results of the HEMO Study. Kidney Int. 2004; 65:2380-2389.
    • (2004) Kidney Int , vol.65 , pp. 2380-2389
    • Cheung, A.K.1    Sarnak, M.J.2    Yan, G.3
  • 69
    • 82255195625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common carotid artery intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques in carotid bulb in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis: A case-control study
    • Shakeri A, Abdi M, Khosroshahi HT, Fouladi RF. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques in carotid bulb in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis: A case-control study. Pak J Biol Sci. 2011; 14:844-848.
    • (2011) Pak J Biol Sci , vol.14 , pp. 844-848
    • Shakeri, A.1    Abdi, M.2    Khosroshahi, H.T.3    Fouladi, R.F.4
  • 70
    • 0030749106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitral annular calcifications in haemodialysis patients: A possible protective role of magnesium
    • Tzanakis I, Pras A, Kounali D, etal. Mitral annular calcifications in haemodialysis patients: A possible protective role of magnesium. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997; 12:2036-2037.
    • (1997) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.12 , pp. 2036-2037
    • Tzanakis, I.1    Pras, A.2    Kounali, D.3
  • 71
    • 0023253389 scopus 로고
    • Serum magnesium level and arterial calcification in end-stage renal disease
    • Meema HE, Oreopoulos DG, Rapoport A. Serum magnesium level and arterial calcification in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int. 1987; 32:388-394.
    • (1987) Kidney Int , vol.32 , pp. 388-394
    • Meema, H.E.1    Oreopoulos, D.G.2    Rapoport, A.3
  • 72
    • 84155168988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The correlation of serum trace elements and heavy metals with carotid artery atherosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients
    • Ari E, Kaya Y, Demir H, Asicioglu E, Keskin S. The correlation of serum trace elements and heavy metals with carotid artery atherosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011; 144:351-359.
    • (2011) Biol Trace Elem Res , vol.144 , pp. 351-359
    • Ari, E.1    Kaya, Y.2    Demir, H.3    Asicioglu, E.4    Keskin, S.5
  • 73
    • 56249088242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium supplementation helps to improve carotid intima media thickness in patients on hemodialysis
    • Turgut F, Kanbay M, Metin MR, Uz E, Akcay A, Covic A. Magnesium supplementation helps to improve carotid intima media thickness in patients on hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2008; 40:1075-1082.
    • (2008) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.40 , pp. 1075-1082
    • Turgut, F.1    Kanbay, M.2    Metin, M.R.3    Uz, E.4    Akcay, A.5    Covic, A.6
  • 74
    • 84875670083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of magnesium supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilatation among hemodialysis patients: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Mortazavi M, Moeinzadeh F, Saadatnia M, Shahidi S, McGee JC, Minagar A. Effect of magnesium supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilatation among hemodialysis patients: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Neurol. 2013; 69:309-316.
    • (2013) Eur Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 309-316
    • Mortazavi, M.1    Moeinzadeh, F.2    Saadatnia, M.3    Shahidi, S.4    McGee, J.C.5    Minagar, A.6
  • 75
    • 4243123000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra- and extracellular magnesium levels and atheromatosis in haemodialysis patients
    • Tzanakis I, Virvidakis K, Tsomi A, etal. Intra- and extracellular magnesium levels and atheromatosis in haemodialysis patients. Magnes Res. 2004; 17:102-108.
    • (2004) Magnes Res , vol.17 , pp. 102-108
    • Tzanakis, I.1    Virvidakis, K.2    Tsomi, A.3
  • 76
    • 0029921963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of magnesium deficiency on concentration of calcium in soft tissue of uremic rats
    • Inagaki O, Syono T, Nakagawa K, Nishian Y, Takenaka Y, Takamitsu Y. Influence of magnesium deficiency on concentration of calcium in soft tissue of uremic rats. Ren Fail. 1996; 18:847-854.
    • (1996) Ren Fail , vol.18 , pp. 847-854
    • Inagaki, O.1    Syono, T.2    Nakagawa, K.3    Nishian, Y.4    Takenaka, Y.5    Takamitsu, Y.6
  • 77
    • 0029056831 scopus 로고
    • Changes in tissue calcium and phosphorus content and plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin after long-term magnesium deficiency in rats
    • Planells E, Llopis J, Perán F, Aranda P. Changes in tissue calcium and phosphorus content and plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin after long-term magnesium deficiency in rats. J Am Coll Nutr. 1995; 14:292-298.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.14 , pp. 292-298
    • Planells, E.1    Llopis, J.2    Perán, F.3    Aranda, P.4
  • 78
    • 79952276489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum magnesium, ambulatory blood pressure, and carotid artery alteration: The Ohasama study
    • Hashimoto T, Hara A, Ohkubo T, etal. Serum magnesium, ambulatory blood pressure, and carotid artery alteration: The Ohasama study. Am J Hypertens. 2010; 23:1292-1298.
    • (2010) Am J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 1292-1298
    • Hashimoto, T.1    Hara, A.2    Ohkubo, T.3
  • 79
    • 79959961082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between hypomagnesaemia and vascular stiffness in renal transplant recipients
    • Van Laecke S, Maréchal C, Verbeke F, etal. The relation between hypomagnesaemia and vascular stiffness in renal transplant recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011; 26:2362-2369.
    • (2011) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.26 , pp. 2362-2369
    • Van Laecke, S.1    Maréchal, C.2    Verbeke, F.3
  • 80
  • 81
    • 84864445208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium and outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: Focus on vascular calcification, atherosclerosis and survival
    • Massy ZA, Drüeke TB. Magnesium and outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: Focus on vascular calcification, atherosclerosis and survival. Clin Kidney J. 2012; 5(Suppl 1):i52-i61.
    • (2012) Clin Kidney J , vol.5 , pp. i52-i61
    • Massy, Z.A.1    Drüeke, T.B.2
  • 82
    • 84885785076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease
    • Jablonski KL, Chonchol M. Vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease. Hemodial Int. 2013; 17(Suppl 1):S17-S21.
    • (2013) Hemodial Int , vol.17 , pp. S17-S21
    • Jablonski, K.L.1    Chonchol, M.2
  • 83
    • 84856824652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium reduces calcification in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner
    • Kircelli F, Peter ME, Sevinc Ok E, etal. Magnesium reduces calcification in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012; 27:514-521.
    • (2012) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.27 , pp. 514-521
    • Kircelli, F.1    Peter, M.E.2    Sevinc Ok, E.3
  • 84
    • 0034964358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant association between the progression of coronary artery calcification and dyslipidemia in patients on chronic hemodialysis
    • Tamashiro M, Iseki K, Sunagawa O, etal. Significant association between the progression of coronary artery calcification and dyslipidemia in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 38:64-69.
    • (2001) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.38 , pp. 64-69
    • Tamashiro, M.1    Iseki, K.2    Sunagawa, O.3
  • 85
    • 84870458540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of serum magnesium in type 2 diabetes mellitus with particular reference to serum triacylglycerol levels
    • Srinivasan AR, Niranjan G, Kuzhandai Velu V, Parmar P, Anish A. Status of serum magnesium in type 2 diabetes mellitus with particular reference to serum triacylglycerol levels. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2012; 6:187-189.
    • (2012) Diabetes Metab Syndr , vol.6 , pp. 187-189
    • Srinivasan, A.R.1    Niranjan, G.2    Kuzhandai Velu, V.3    Parmar, P.4    Anish, A.5
  • 86
    • 18244383073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of serum magnesium with dyslipidemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients
    • Nasri H, Baradaran A. Correlation of serum magnesium with dyslipidemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2004; 47:263-265.
    • (2004) Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) , vol.47 , pp. 263-265
    • Nasri, H.1    Baradaran, A.2
  • 87
    • 0031984333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of serum magnesium and serum lipid levels in hemodialysis patients
    • Robles NR, Escola JM, Albarran L, Espada R. Correlation of serum magnesium and serum lipid levels in hemodialysis patients. Nephron. 1998; 78:118-119.
    • (1998) Nephron , vol.78 , pp. 118-119
    • Robles, N.R.1    Escola, J.M.2    Albarran, L.3    Espada, R.4
  • 88
    • 84857172314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of serum magnesium with dyslipidemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
    • Ansari MR, Maheshwari N, Shaikh MA, etal. Correlation of serum magnesium with dyslipidemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012; 23:21-25.
    • (2012) Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl , vol.23 , pp. 21-25
    • Ansari, M.R.1    Maheshwari, N.2    Shaikh, M.A.3
  • 89
    • 84872777575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between serum magnesium and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients
    • Khatami MR, Mirchi E, Khazaeipour Z, Abdollahi A, Jahanmardi A. Association between serum magnesium and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2013; 7:47-52.
    • (2013) Iran J Kidney Dis , vol.7 , pp. 47-52
    • Khatami, M.R.1    Mirchi, E.2    Khazaeipour, Z.3    Abdollahi, A.4    Jahanmardi, A.5
  • 90
    • 78049514712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment for sudden cardiac death in dialysis patients
    • Saravanan P, Davidson NC. Risk assessment for sudden cardiac death in dialysis patients. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2010; 3:553-559.
    • (2010) Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol , vol.3 , pp. 553-559
    • Saravanan, P.1    Davidson, N.C.2
  • 91
    • 84888590663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QT interval prolongation and the risk of torsades de pointes: Essentials for clinicians
    • Trinkley KE, Lee Page R 2nd, Lien H, Yamanouye K, Tisdale JE. QT interval prolongation and the risk of torsades de pointes: Essentials for clinicians. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013; 29:1719-1726.
    • (2013) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.29 , pp. 1719-1726
    • Trinkley, K.E.1    Lee Page 2nd, R.2    Lien, H.3    Yamanouye, K.4    Tisdale, J.E.5
  • 92
    • 84882443179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QT interval and QT dispersion in patients undergoing hemodialysis: Revisiting the old theory
    • Alabd MA, El-Hammady W, Shawky A, Nammas W, El-Tayeb M. QT interval and QT dispersion in patients undergoing hemodialysis: Revisiting the old theory. Nephron Extra. 2011; 1:1-8.
    • (2011) Nephron Extra , vol.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Alabd, M.A.1    El-Hammady, W.2    Shawky, A.3    Nammas, W.4    El-Tayeb, M.5
  • 93
    • 84872070466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low serum magnesium and the development of atrial fibrillation in the community: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Khan AM, Lubitz SA, Sullivan LM, etal. Low serum magnesium and the development of atrial fibrillation in the community: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2013; 127:33-38.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.127 , pp. 33-38
    • Khan, A.M.1    Lubitz, S.A.2    Sullivan, L.M.3
  • 94
    • 10744233595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased P wave dispersion and maximum P wave duration after hemodialysis
    • Tezcan UK, Amasyali B, Can I. Increased P wave dispersion and maximum P wave duration after hemodialysis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2004; 9:34-38.
    • (2004) Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol , vol.9 , pp. 34-38
    • Tezcan, U.K.1    Amasyali, B.2    Can, I.3
  • 96
    • 4344704654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodialysis-associated hypotension as an independent risk factor for two-year mortality in hemodialysis patients
    • Shoji T, Tsubakihara Y, Fujii M, Imai E. Hemodialysis-associated hypotension as an independent risk factor for two-year mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2004; 66:1212-1220.
    • (2004) Kidney Int , vol.66 , pp. 1212-1220
    • Shoji, T.1    Tsubakihara, Y.2    Fujii, M.3    Imai, E.4
  • 97
    • 4344691113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dialysate magnesium level and blood pressure
    • Kyriazis J, Kalogeropoulou K, Bilirakis L, etal. Dialysate magnesium level and blood pressure. Kidney Int. 2004; 66:1221-1231.
    • (2004) Kidney Int , vol.66 , pp. 1221-1231
    • Kyriazis, J.1    Kalogeropoulou, K.2    Bilirakis, L.3
  • 98
    • 77958565529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there an association between intradialytic hypotension and serum magnesium changes?
    • Pakfetrat M, Roozbeh Shahroodi J, Malekmakan L, etal. Is there an association between intradialytic hypotension and serum magnesium changes? Hemodial Int. 2010; 14:492-497.
    • (2010) Hemodial Int , vol.14 , pp. 492-497
    • Pakfetrat, M.1    Roozbeh Shahroodi, J.2    Malekmakan, L.3
  • 99
    • 33749321285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradialytic changes of serum magnesium and their relation to hypotensive episodes in hemodialysis patients on different dialysates
    • Elsharkawy MM, Youssef AM, Zayoon MY. Intradialytic changes of serum magnesium and their relation to hypotensive episodes in hemodialysis patients on different dialysates. Hemodial Int. 2006; 10(Suppl 2):S16-S23.
    • (2006) Hemodial Int , vol.10 , pp. S16-S23
    • Elsharkawy, M.M.1    Youssef, A.M.2    Zayoon, M.Y.3
  • 100
    • 84887282515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of serum magnesium with cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients-a cross-sectional study
    • Liu F, Zhang X, Qi H, etal. Correlation of serum magnesium with cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients-a cross-sectional study. Magnes Res. 2013; 26:100-108.
    • (2013) Magnes Res , vol.26 , pp. 100-108
    • Liu, F.1    Zhang, X.2    Qi, H.3
  • 101
    • 79954623869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Could intradialytic hypotension be due to low baseline magnesium levels or inflammation in hemodialysis patients?
    • Shin JI, Park SJ, Kim JH. Could intradialytic hypotension be due to low baseline magnesium levels or inflammation in hemodialysis patients? Hemodial Int. 2011; 15:301-302.
    • (2011) Hemodial Int , vol.15 , pp. 301-302
    • Shin, J.I.1    Park, S.J.2    Kim, J.H.3
  • 102
    • 80054958521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative DNA damage correlates with carotid artery atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients
    • Ari E, Kaya Y, Demir H, etal. Oxidative DNA damage correlates with carotid artery atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int. 2011; 15:453-459.
    • (2011) Hemodial Int , vol.15 , pp. 453-459
    • Ari, E.1    Kaya, Y.2    Demir, H.3
  • 103
    • 54049131725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium and its relationship to C-reactive protein among hemodialysis patients
    • Pakfetrat M, Malekmakan L, Roozbeh J, Haghpanah S. Magnesium and its relationship to C-reactive protein among hemodialysis patients. Magnes Res. 2008; 21:167-170.
    • (2008) Magnes Res , vol.21 , pp. 167-170
    • Pakfetrat, M.1    Malekmakan, L.2    Roozbeh, J.3    Haghpanah, S.4
  • 104
    • 79952654308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of serum magnesium to body composition and inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients
    • Fein P, Suda V, Borawsky C, etal. Relationship of serum magnesium to body composition and inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients. Adv Perit Dial. 2010; 26:112-115.
    • (2010) Adv Perit Dial , vol.26 , pp. 112-115
    • Fein, P.1    Suda, V.2    Borawsky, C.3
  • 105
    • 20344385553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium supplementation prevents chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity via adjusting nitric oxide synthase activity
    • Yuan J, Zhou J, Chen BC, etal. Magnesium supplementation prevents chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity via adjusting nitric oxide synthase activity. Transplant Proc. 2005; 37:1892-1895.
    • (2005) Transplant Proc , vol.37 , pp. 1892-1895
    • Yuan, J.1    Zhou, J.2    Chen, B.C.3
  • 106
    • 0033672191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary potassium and magnesium supplementation in cyclosporine-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity
    • Pere AK, Lindgren L, Tuomainen P, etal. Dietary potassium and magnesium supplementation in cyclosporine-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int. 2000; 58:2462-2472.
    • (2000) Kidney Int , vol.58 , pp. 2462-2472
    • Pere, A.K.1    Lindgren, L.2    Tuomainen, P.3
  • 107
    • 0031032839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary sodium and magnesium on cyclosporine A-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • Mervaala EM, Pere AK, Lindgren L, etal. Effects of dietary sodium and magnesium on cyclosporine A-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1997; 29:822-827.
    • (1997) Hypertension , vol.29 , pp. 822-827
    • Mervaala, E.M.1    Pere, A.K.2    Lindgren, L.3
  • 108
    • 0027184807 scopus 로고
    • Ionized and total magnesium levels in cyclosporin-treated renal transplant recipients: Relationship with cholesterol and cyclosporin levels
    • Markell MS, Altura BT, Barbour RL, Altura BM. Ionized and total magnesium levels in cyclosporin-treated renal transplant recipients: Relationship with cholesterol and cyclosporin levels. Clin Sci (Lond). 1993; 85:315-318.
    • (1993) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.85 , pp. 315-318
    • Markell, M.S.1    Altura, B.T.2    Barbour, R.L.3    Altura, B.M.4
  • 109
  • 110
    • 0036379686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient survival after renal transplantation: IV. Impact of post-transplant diabetes
    • Cosio FG, Pesavento TE, Kim S, Osei K, Henry M, Ferguson RM. Patient survival after renal transplantation: IV. Impact of post-transplant diabetes. Kidney Int. 2002; 62:1440-1446.
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.62 , pp. 1440-1446
    • Cosio, F.G.1    Pesavento, T.E.2    Kim, S.3    Osei, K.4    Henry, M.5    Ferguson, R.M.6
  • 112
    • 0023634133 scopus 로고
    • Hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting in renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine
    • Barton CH, Vaziri ND, Martin DC, Choi S, Alikhani S. Hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting in renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine. Am J Med. 1987; 83:693-699.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , pp. 693-699
    • Barton, C.H.1    Vaziri, N.D.2    Martin, D.C.3    Choi, S.4    Alikhani, S.5
  • 114
    • 49649114443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants of magnesium homeostasis: Insights from human disease
    • Alexander RT, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ. Molecular determinants of magnesium homeostasis: Insights from human disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 19:1451-1458.
    • (2008) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.19 , pp. 1451-1458
    • Alexander, R.T.1    Hoenderop, J.G.2    Bindels, R.J.3
  • 115
    • 69149091953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttransplantation hypomagnesemia and its relation with immunosuppression as predictors of new-onset diabetes after transplantation
    • Van Laecke S, Van Biesen W, Verbeke F, De Bacquer D, Peeters P, Vanholder R. Posttransplantation hypomagnesemia and its relation with immunosuppression as predictors of new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9:2140-2149.
    • (2009) Am J Transplant , vol.9 , pp. 2140-2149
    • Van Laecke, S.1    Van Biesen, W.2    Verbeke, F.3    De Bacquer, D.4    Peeters, P.5    Vanholder, R.6
  • 116
    • 0033564454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium repletion therapy improved lipid metabolism in hypomagnesemic renal transplant recipients: A pilot study
    • Gupta BK, Glicklich D, Tellis VA. Magnesium repletion therapy improved lipid metabolism in hypomagnesemic renal transplant recipients: A pilot study. Transplantation. 1999; 67:1485-1487.
    • (1999) Transplantation , vol.67 , pp. 1485-1487
    • Gupta, B.K.1    Glicklich, D.2    Tellis, V.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.