An introduction to circadian endocrine physiology: Implications for exercise and sports performance

Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 385-404

  Okusaga, Olaoluwa ^a   Postolache, Teodor T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925956219     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-314-5_20     Document Type: Chapter

References (86)

1. Haus E. Chronobiology in the endocrine system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007;31:985-1014.
2. Stiller JW, Postolache TT. Sleep-wake and other biological rhythms: functional neuroanatomy. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24:205-35.
3. Steeves TD, King DP, Zhao Y, Sangoram AM, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human CLOCK gene: expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Genomics. 1999;657:189-200.
4. Takahashi JS, Hong HK, Ko CH, et al. The genetics of mammalian circadian order and disorder: implications for physiology and disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2008;9:764-75.
5. Arendt J. Shift work: coping with the biological clock. Occup Med. 2010;60:10-20.
6. Sack RL, Auckley D, Auger RR, et al. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders:part I, basic principles, shift work and jet lag disorders. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine review. Sleep. 2007;30:1460-83.
7. Johnson RF, Moore RY, Morin LP. Loss of entrainment and anatomical plasticity after lesions of the hamster retinohypothalamic tract. Brain Res. 1988;460:297-313.
8. Freedman MS, Lucas RJ, Soni B, von Schantz M, et al. Regulation of mammalian circadian behavior by nonrod, non-cone, ocular photoreceptors. Science. 1999;284:502-24.
9. Moore RY, Card JP. Intergeniculate lea flet: an anatomically and functionally distinct subdivision of the lateral geniculate complex. J Comp Neurol. 1994;344:403-30.
10. Reebs SG, Mrosovsky N. Large phase-shifts of circadian rhythms caused by induced running in a re-entrainment paradigm: the role of pulse duration and light. J Comp Physiol. 1989;165:819-25.
11. Turek FW. Effects of stimulated physical activity on the circadian pacemaker of vertebrates. J Biol Rhythms. 1989;4:135-47.
12. Pickard GE, Rea MA. Serotonergic innervation of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and photic regulation of circadian rhythms. Biol Cell. 1997;89:513-23.
13. Kalsbeek A, Teclemariam-Mesbah R, Pevet P. Efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). J Comp Neurol. 1993;332:293-314.
14. Wehr TA, Duncan Jr WC, Sher L, et al. A circadian signal of change of season in patients with seasonal affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:1108-14.
15. Hardeland R, Cardinali DP, Srinivasan V, et al. Melatonin-a pleiotropic, orchestrating regulator molecule. Prog Neurobiol. 2011;93:350-84.
16. Hardeland R. Melatonin: signaling mechanisms of a pleiotropic agent. Biofactors. 2009;35:183-92.
17. Teclemariam-Mesbah R, Ter Horst GJ, Postema F, et al. Anatomical demonstration of the suprachiasmatic nucleus-pineal pathway. J Comp Neurol. 1999;406:171-82.
18. Gillette MU, McArthur AJ. Circadian actions of melatonin at the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Behav Brain Res. 1996;73:135-9.
19. Lockley SW, Skene DJ, James K, et al. Melatonin administration can entrain the free-running circadian system of blind subjects. J Endocrinol. 2000;164:R1-6.
20. Selmaoui B, Touitou Y. Reproducibility of the circadian rhythms of serum cortisol and melatonin in healthy subjects: a study of three different 24-h cycles over six weeks. Life Sci. 2003;73:3339-49.
21. Roky R, Obal Jr F, Valatx JL, et al. Prolactin and rapid eye movement sleep regulation. Sleep. 1995;18:536-42.
22. Hackney AC, Ness RJ, Schrieber A. Effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal hormone concentrations in males. Chronobiol Int. 1989;6:341-6.
23. Gupta SK, Lindemulder EA, Sathyan G. Modeling of circadian testosterone in healthy men and hypogonadal men. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;40:731-8.
24. McMurray RG, Eubank TK, Hackney AC. Nocturnal hormonal responses to resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1995;72:121-6.
25. Luboshitzky R, Zabari Z, Shen-Orr Z, et al. Disruption of the nocturnal testosterone rhythm by sleep fragmentation in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:1134-9.
26. Duffy JF, Dijk DJ. Getting through to circadian oscillators: why use constant routines? J Biol Rhythms. 2002;17:4-13.
27. Blatter K, Cajochen C. Circadian rhythms in cognitive performance: methodological constraints, protocols, theoretical underpinnings. Physiol Behav. 2007;90:196-208.
28. Brown EN, Czeisler CA. The statistical analysis of circadian phase and amplitude in constant-routine core temperature data. J Biol Rhythms. 1992;7:177-202.
29. Blatter K, Graw P, Münch M, et al. Gender and age differences in psychomotor vigilance performance under differential sleep pressure conditions. Behav Brain Res. 2006;168:312-7.
30. Kräuchi K, Cajochen C, Wirz-Justice A. A relationship between heat loss and sleepiness: effects of postural change and melatonin administration. Appl Physiol. 1997;83:134-9.
31. Koorengevel KM, Beersma DG, den Boer JA, et al. A forced desynchrony study of circadian pacemaker characteristics in seasonal affective disorder. J Biol Rhythms. 2002;17:463-75.
32. Czeisler CA, Duffy JF, Shanahan TL, et al. Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker. Science. 1999;284:2177-81.
33. Kräuchi K. How is the circadian rhythm of core body temperature regulated? Clin Auton Res. 2002;12:147-9.
34. Lewy AJ, Wehr TA, Goodwin FK, et al. Light suppresses melatonin secretion in humans. Science. 1980;210:1267-9.
35. Leibenluft E, Feldman-Naim S, Turner EH, et al. Salivary and plasma measures of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1996;40:731-5.
36. Pandi-Perumal SR, Smits M, Spence W, et al. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO): a tool for the analysis of circadian phase in human sleep and chronobiological disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007;31:1-11.
37. Hofstra WA, de Weerd AW. How to assess circadian rhythm in humans: a review of literature. Epilepsy Behav. 2008;13:438-44.
38. Horne JA, Ostberg O. A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol. 1976;4:97-110.
39. Postolache TT, Hung TM, Rosenthal RN, et al. Sports chronobiology consultation: from the lab to the arena. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24:415-56.
40. Katzenberg D, Young T, Finn L, et al. A CLOCK polymorphism associated with human diurnal preference. Sleep. 1998;21:569-76.
41. Katzenberg D, Young T, Lin L, et al. A human period gene (HPER1) polymorphism is not associated with diurnal preference in normal adults. Psychiatr Genet. 1999;9:107-9.
42. Samuels C. Sleep, recovery, and performance: the new frontier in high-performance athletics. Neurol Clin. 2008;26:169-80.
43. Rempe MJ, Best J, Terman D. A mathematical model of the sleep/wake cycle. J Math Biol. 2010;60:615-44.
44. Van Dongen HP, Dinges DF. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and psychomotor vigilance. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24:237-49.
45. Wyatt JK, Ritz-De Cecco A, Czeisler CA, et al. Circadian temperature and melatonin rhythms, sleep, and neurobehavioral function in humans living on a 20-h day. Am J Physiol. 1999;277:R1152-63.
46. Freivalds A, Chaffin DB, Langolf GD. Quantification of human performance circadian rhythms. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1983;44:643-8.
47. Teo W, McGuigan MR, Newton MJ. The effects of circadian rhythmicity of salivary cortisol and testosterone on maximal isometric force, maximal dynamic force, and power output. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:1538-45.
48. Reilly T, Waterhouse J. Sports performance: is there evidence that the body clock plays a role? Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;106:321-32.
49. Atkinson G, Todd C, Reilly T, Waterhouse J. Diurnal variation in cycling performance: influence of warm-up. J Sports Sci. 2005;23:321-9.
50. Edwards BJ, Lindsay K, Waterhouse J. Effect of time of day on the accuracy and consistency of the badminton serve. Ergonomics. 2005;48:1488-98.
51. Kline CE, Durstine JL, Davis JM, et al. Circadian variation in shimmy performance. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102:641-9.
52. Drust B, Waterhouse J, Atkinson G, et al. Circadian rhythms in sports performance-an update. Chronobiol Int. 2005;22:21-44.
53. Reilly T, Walsh TJ. Physiological, psychological and performance measures during an endurance record for 5-a-side soccer play. Br J Sports Med. 1981;15:122-8.
54. Reilly T, Thomas V. A motion analysis of work-rate in different positional roles in professional football match-play. J Hum Mov Stud. 1976;2:79-86.
55. Callard D, Davenne D, Gauthier A, et al. Circadian rhythms in human muscular efficiency: continuous physical exercise versus continuous rest. A crossover study. Chronobiol Int. 2000;17:693-704.
56. Hackney AC, Viru A. Twenty-four-hour cortisol response to multiple daily exercise sessions of moderate and high intensity. Clin Physiol. 1999;19:178-82.
57. Edgar DM, Dement WC. Regularly scheduled voluntary exercise synchronizes the mouse circadian clock. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 1991;261:R928-33.
58. Marchant EG, Mistlberger RE. Entrainment and phase shifting of circadian rhythms in mice by forced treadmill running. Physiol Behav. 1996;60:657-63.
59. Reebs SG, Mrosovsky N. Effects of induced wheel running on the circadian activity rhythms of Syrian hamsters: entrainment and phase response curve. J Biol Rhythms. 1989;4:39-48.
60. Van Reeth O, Sturis J, Byrne MM, et al. Nocturnal exercise phase delays circadian rhythms of melatonin and thyrotropin secretion in normal men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1994;266:E964-74.
61. Baehr EK, Eastman CI, Revelle W, et al. Circadian phase-shifting effects of nocturnal exercise in older compared with young adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284:R1542-50.
62. Buxton OM, Frank SA, L'Hermite-Balériaux M, et al. Roles of intensity and duration of nocturnal exercise in causing phase delays of human circadian rhythms. Am J Physiol. 1997;273:E536-42.
63. Barger LK, Wright Jr KP, Hughes RJ, et al. Daily exercise facilitates phase delays of circadian melatonin rhythm in very dim light. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004;286:R1077-84.
64. Buxton OM, Lee CW, L'Hermite-Baleriaux M, et al. Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284:R714-24.
65. Miyazaki T, Hashimoto S, Masubuchi S, et al. Phase-advance shifts of human circadian pacemaker are accelerated by daytime physical exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001;281:R197-205.
66. Youngstedt SD, Kripke DF, Elliott JA. Circadian phase delaying effects of bright light alone and combined with exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002;282:R259-66.
67. Yamanaka Y, Hashimoto S, Tanahashi Y, et al. Physical exercise accelerates reentertainment of human sleepwake cycle but not of plasma melatonin rhythm to 8-h phase-advanced sleep schedule. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010;298:R681-91.
68. Atkinson G, Fullick S, Grindey C, et al. Exercise, energy balance and the shift worker. Sports Med. 2008;38:671-85.
69. Youngstedt SD. Effects of exercise on sleep. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24:355-65.
70. Härmä MI, Ilmarinen J, Knauth P, et al. Physical training intervention in female shift workers: I. The effects of intervention on fitness, fatigue, sleep, and psychosomatic symptoms. Ergonomics. 1988;31:39-50.
71. Härmä MI, Ilmarinen J, Knauth P, et al. Physical training intervention in female shift workers: II. The effects of intervention on the circadian rhythms of alertness, short-term memory, and body temperature. Ergonomics. 1988;31:51-63.
72. Rosenthal NE, Joseph-Vanderpool JR, Levendosky AA, et al. Phase-shifting effects of bright morning light as treatment for delayed sleep phase syndrome. Sleep. 1990;13:354-61.
73. Duffy JF, Kronauer RE, Czeisler CA. Phase-shifting human circadian rhythms: influence of sleep timing, social contact and light exposure. J Physiol. 1996;495:289-97.
74. Wright HR, Lack LC. Effect of light wavelength on suppression and phase delay of the melatonin rhythm. Chronobiol Int. 2001;18:801-8.
75. Sack RL. Clinical practice. Jet lag. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:440-7.
76. Recht LD, Lew RA, Schwartz WJ. Baseball teams beaten by jet lag. Nature. 1995;377:583.
77. Reilly T, Waterhouse J, Edwards B. Jet lag and air travel: implications for performance. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24:367-80.
78. Burgess HJ, Revell VL, Eastman CI. A three pulse phase response curve to three milligrams of melatonin in humans. J Physiol. 2008;586:639-47.
79. Lewy AJ, Bauer VK, Ahmed S, et al. The human phase response curve (PRC) to melatonin is about 12 hours out of phase with the PRC to light. Chronobiol Int. 1998;15:71-83.
80. Lowden A, Akerstedt T. Retaining home-base sleep hours to prevent jet lag in connection with a westward flight across nine time zones. Chronobiol Int. 1998;15:365-76.
81. Eastman CI, Burgess HJ. How to travel the world without jet lag. Sleep Med Clin. 2009;4:241-55.
82. Beaumont M, Batéjat D, Piérard C, et al. Caffeine or melatonin effects on sleep and sleepiness after rapid eastward transmeridian travel. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96:50-8.
83. Rosenberg RP, Bogan RK, Tiller JM, et al. A phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of armoda finil for excessive sleepiness associated with jet lag disorder. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85:630-8.
84. Postolache TT, Oren DA. Circadian phase shifting, alerting, and antidepressant effects of bright light treatment. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24:381-413.
85. Bjorvatn B, Pallesen S. A practical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2009;13:47-60.
86. Borbély AA. A two process model of sleep regulation. Hum Neurobiol. 1982;1:195-204.