Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a liquid biopsy material and drug target

Current Drug Targets

Volumn 15, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 965-972

  Cai, Liang Liang ^a   Ye, Hui Ming ^a,b   Zheng, Li Mou ^a,c   Ruan, Run Sheng ^a,d   Tzeng, Chi Meng ^a  

^a XIAMEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b ZHONGSHAN HOSPITAL OF XIAMEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c Amoy Diagnostics Co Ltd   (China)

^d EBM Center for Cellular Therapy   (China)

Author keywords

Circulating tumor cells; Drug target; Enrichment and detection; Immunotherapy

Indexed keywords

ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR 1; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BIOPSY; BONE METASTASIS; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CIRCULATING TUMOR CELL; CYTOKINE INDUCED KILLER CELL; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG TARGETING; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSPOT ASSAY; EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; LIQUID BIOPSY; MRNA EXPRESSION ASSAY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR RECURRENCE; ANIMAL; BLOOD; DRUG EFFECTS; METABOLISM; METASTASIS; NEOPLASMS; PATHOLOGY; TUMOR EMBOLISM;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASMS; NEOPLASTIC CELLS, CIRCULATING;

EID: 84925938450     PISSN: 13894501     EISSN: 18735592     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Ashworth T. A case of cancer in which cells similar to those in the tumours were seen in the blood after death. Aust Med J 1869; 14(3): 146-9.
2. Alix-Panabieres C, Riethdorf S, Pantel K. Circulating tumor cells and bone marrow micrometastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14(16): 5013-21.
3. Pantel K, Alix-Panabieres C, Riethdorf S. Cancer micrometastases. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2009; 6(6): 339-51.
4. Alix-Panabieres C, Schwarzenbach H, Pantel K. Circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA. Annu Rev Med 2012; 63: 199-215.
5. Chambers AF, Groom AC, MacDonald IC. Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat Rev Cancer 2002; 2(8): 563-72.
6. Batistatou A, Charalabopoulos A, Charalabopoulos K. Molecular basis of metastasis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360(16): 1679; author reply-80.
7. Pantel K, Brakenhoff RH. Dissecting the metastatic cascade. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004; 4(6): 448-56.
8. Aguirre-Ghiso JA. The problem of cancer dormancy: understanding the basic mechanisms and identifying therapeutic opportunities. Cell Cycle 2006; 5(16): 1740-3.
9. Aguirre-Ghiso JA. Models, mechanisms and clinical evidence for cancer dormancy. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7(11): 834-46.
10. Lu X, Mu E, Wei Y, et al. VCAM-1 promotes osteolytic expansion of indolent bone micrometastasis of breast cancer by engaging alpha4beta1-positive osteoclast progenitors. Cancer Cell 2011; 20(6): 701-14.
11. Weigelt B, Peterse JL, van 't Veer LJ. Breast cancer metastasis: markers and models. Nat Rev Cancer 2005; 5(8): 591-602.
12. Niikura N, Liu J, Hayashi N, et al. Loss of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in metastatic sites of HER2-overexpressing primary breast tumors. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30(6): 593-9.
13. Babayan A, Hannemann J, Spotter J, Muller V, Pantel K, Joosse SA. Heterogeneity of estrogen receptor expression in circulating tumor cells from metastatic breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2013; 8(9): e75038.
14. Kaiser J. Medicine. Cancer's circulation problem. Science 2010; 327(5969): 1072-4.
15. Riethdorf S, Muller V, Zhang L, et al. Detection and HER2 expression of circulating tumor cells: prospective monitoring in breast cancer patients treated in the neoadjuvant GeparQuattro trial. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16(9): 2634-45.
16. Ignatiadis M, Rothe F, Chaboteaux C, et al. HER2-positive circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. PloS one 2011; 6(1): e15624.
17. Gazzaniga P, Gianni W, Raimondi C, et al. Circulating tumor cells in high-risk nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 34(5): 2507-9.
18. Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, Ellis MJ, et al. Circulating tumor cells, disease progression, and survival in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 351(8): 781-91.
19. Cohen SJ, Punt CJ, Iannotti N, et al. Relationship of circulating tumor cells to tumor response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(19): 3213-21.
20. de Bono JS, Scher HI, Montgomery RB, et al. Circulating tumor cells predict survival benefit from treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14(19): 6302-9.
21. Lynch TJ, Wright CD, Choi NC, Aquino SL, Mark EJ. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 26-2004. A 56-year-old woman with cough and a lung nodule. N Engl J Med 2004; 351(8): 809-17.
22. Maheswaran S, Sequist LV, Nagrath S, et al. Detection of mutations in EGFR in circulating lung-cancer cells. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(4): 366-77.
23. Pailler E, Adam J, Barthelemy A, et al. Detection of circulating tumor cells harboring a unique ALK rearrangement in ALKpositive non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31(18): 2273-81.
24. Miyamoto DT, Lee RJ, Stott SL, et al. Androgen receptor signaling in circulating tumor cells as a marker of hormonally responsive prostate cancer. Cancer Discov 2012; 2(11): 995-1003.
25. Raimondi C, Gradilone A, Gazzaniga P. Controversies in circulating tumor cell count during therapy. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 13(5): 499-507.
26. Rhim AD, Mirek ET, Aiello NM, et al. EMT and dissemination precede pancreatic tumor formation. Cell 2012; 148(1-2): 349-61.
27. Budd GT, Cristofanilli M, Ellis MJ, et al. Circulating tumor cells versus imaging-predicting overall survival in metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12(21): 6403-9.
28. Allard WJ, Matera J, Miller MC, et al. Tumor cells circulate in the peripheral blood of all major carcinomas but not in healthy subjects or patients with nonmalignant diseases. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10(20): 6897-904.
29. Riethdorf S, Fritsche H, Muller V, et al. Detection of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer: a validation study of the CellSearch system. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13(3): 920-8.
30. Poveda A, Kaye SB, McCormack R, et al. Circulating tumor cells predict progression free survival and overall survival in patients with relapsed/recurrent advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 122(3): 567-72.
31. Burt BM, Rodig SJ, Tilleman TR, Elbardissi AW, Bueno R, Sugarbaker DJ. Circulating and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells predict survival in human pleural mesothelioma. Cancer 2011; 117(22): 5234-44.
32. Moreno JG, Miller MC, Gross S, Allard WJ, Gomella LG, Terstappen LW. Circulating tumor cells predict survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Urology 2005; 65(4): 713-8.
33. Hayes DF, Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, et al. Circulating tumor cells at each follow-up time point during therapy of metastatic breast cancer patients predict progression-free and overall survival. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12(14 Pt 1): 4218-24.
34. Catalona WJ, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, et al. Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6, 630 men. J Urol 1994; 151(5): 1283-90.
35. Scher HI, Jia X, de Bono JS, et al. Circulating tumour cells as prognostic markers in progressive, castration-resistant prostate cancer: a reanalysis of IMMC38 trial data. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10(3): 233-9.
36. Olmos D, Arkenau HT, Ang JE, et al. Circulating tumour cell (CTC) counts as intermediate end points in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): a single-centre experience. Ann Oncol 2009; 20(1): 27-33.
37. Pantel K, Brakenhoff RH, Brandt B. Detection, clinical relevance and specific biological properties of disseminating tumour cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8(5): 329-40.
38. Coumans FA, Doggen CJ, Attard G, de Bono JS, Terstappen LW. All circulating EpCAM+CK+CD45-objects predict overall survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2010; 21(9): 1851-7.
39. Vona G, Sabile A, Louha M, et al. Isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells: a new method for the immunomorphological and molecular characterization of circulatingtumor cells. Am J Pathol 2000; 156(1): 57-63.
40. Briddell RA, Kern BP, Zilm KL, Stoney GB, McNiece IK. Purification of CD34+ cells is essential for optimal ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood cells. J Hematother 1997; 6(2): 145-50.
41. Neurauter AA, Bonyhadi M, Lien E, et al. Cell isolation and expansion using Dynabeads. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2007; 106: 41-73.
42. Peters CE, Woodside SM, Eaves AC. Isolation of subsets of immune cells. Methods Mol Biol. 2005; 302: 95-116.
43. Lankiewicz S, Rivero BG, Bocher O. Quantitative real-time RTPCR of disseminated tumor cells in combination with immunomagnetic cell enrichment. Mol Biotechnol 2006; 34(1): 15-27.
44. Negrin RS. Use of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of tumor cell involvement of bone marrow and peripheral blood: implications for purging. J Hematother 1992; 1(4): 361-8.
45. Stott SL, Lee RJ, Nagrath S, et al. Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells from patients with localized and metastatic prostate cancer. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2(25): 25ra3.
46. Saucedo-Zeni N, Mewes S, Niestroj R, et al. A novel method for the in vivo isolation of circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood of cancer patients using a functionalized and structured medical wire. Int J Oncol 2012; 41(4): 1241-50.
47. Meng S, Tripathy D, Shete S, et al. HER-2 gene amplification can be acquired as breast cancer progresses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101(25): 9393-8.
48. Tewes M, Aktas B, Welt A, et al. Molecular profiling and predictive value of circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer: an option for monitoring response to breast cancer related therapies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 115(3): 581-90.
49. Nole F, Munzone E, Zorzino L, et al. Variation of circulating tumor cell levels during treatment of metastatic breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Ann Oncol 2008; 19(5): 891-7.
50. Pantel K, Cote RJ, Fodstad O. Detection and clinical importance of micrometastatic disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91(13): 1113-24.
51. Gebauer G, Fehm T, Merkle E, Beck EP, Lang N, Jager W. Epithelial cells in bone marrow of breast cancer patients at time of primary surgery: clinical outcome during long-term follow-up. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19(16): 3669-74.
52. Fehm T, Braun S, Muller V, et al. A concept for the standardized detection of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow from patients with primary breast cancer and its clinical implementation. Cancer. 2006; 107(5): 885-92.
53. Ramirez JM, Fehm T, Orsini M, et al. Prognostic Relevance of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells Detected by EPISPOT in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Chem 2014; 60(1): 214-21.
54. Kaplan RN, Riba RD, Zacharoulis S, et al. VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche. Nature 2005; 438(7069): 820-7.
55. Gazzaniga P, Gradilone A, Petracca A, et al. Molecular markers in circulating tumour cells from metastatic colorectal cancer patients. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14(8): 2073-7.
56. Mani SA, Guo W, Liao MJ, et al. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell 2008; 133(4): 704-15.
57. Paterlini-Brechot P, Benali NL. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) detection: clinical impact and future directions. Cancer Lett 2007; 253(2): 180-204.
58. Attard G, Crespo M, Lim AC, Pope L, Zivi A, de Bono JS. Reporting the capture efficiency of a filter-based microdevice: a CTC is not a CTC unless it is CD45 negative-letter. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17(9): 3048-9; author reply 50.
59. Miller MC, Doyle GV, Terstappen LW. Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells Detected by the CellSearch System in Patients with Metastatic Breast Colorectal and Prostate Cancer. J Oncol 2010; 2010: 617421.
60. Galanzha EI, Shashkov EV, Kelly T, Kim JW, Yang L, Zharov VP. In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells. Nat Nanotechnol 2009; 4(12): 855-60.
61. Sieuwerts AM, Kraan J, Bolt J, et al. Anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibodies and the detection of circulating normal-like breast tumor cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101(1): 61-6.
62. Gradilone A, Raimondi C, Nicolazzo C, et al. Circulating tumour cells lacking cytokeratin in breast cancer: the importance of being mesenchymal. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15(5): 1066-70.
63. Raimondi C, Gradilone A, Naso G, et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness features in circulating tumor cells from breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130(2): 449-55.
64. Konigsberg R, Obermayr E, Bises G, et al. Detection of EpCAM positive and negative circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients. Acta Oncol 2011; 50(5): 700-10.
65. Yu M, Bardia A, Wittner BS, et al. Circulating breast tumor cells exhibit dynamic changes in epithelial and mesenchymal composition. Science 2013; 339(6119): 580-4.
66. Linn YC, Yong HX, Niam M, et al. A phase I/II clinical trial of autologous cytokine-induced killer cells as adjuvant immunotherapy for acute and chronic myeloid leukemia in clinical remission. Cytotherapy 2012; 14(7): 851-9.
67. Gammaitoni L, Giraudo L, Leuci V, et al. Effective activity of cytokine-induced killer cells against autologous metastatic melanoma including cells with stemness features. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19(16): 4347-58.
68. Lu XC, Yang B, Yu RL, et al. Clinical study of autologous cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 62(1): 257-65.
69. Liang XF, Ma DC, Ding ZY, et al. [Autologous cytokine-induced killer cells therapy on the quality of life of patients with breast cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy: a prospective study]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2013; 35(10): 764-8.
70. Wang ZM, Zhuang RY, Chen Y, Feng Y, Li Q, Liu TS. [A pilot study of chemotherapy combined with intraperitoneal perfusion of cytokine-induced killer cells for advanced gastric cancer patients with ascites]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2013; 16(1): 28-31.
71. Nakashima S, Natsugoe S, Matsumoto M, et al. Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in blood by molecular detection and tumor markers in esophageal cancer. Surgery 2003; 133(2): 162-9.
72. Reinholz MM, Nibbe A, Jonart LM, et al. Evaluation of a panel of tumor markers for molecular detection of circulating cancer cells in women with suspected breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11(10): 3722-32.
73. Stathopoulou A, Vlachonikolis I, Mavroudis D, et al. Molecular detection of cytokeratin-19-positive cells in the peripheral blood of patients with operable breast cancer: evaluation of their prognostic significance. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20(16): 3404-12.
74. Jotsuka T, Okumura Y, Nakano S, et al. Persistent evidence of circulating tumor cells detected by means of RT-PCR for CEA mRNA predicts early relapse: a prospective study in node-negative breast cancer. Surgery 2004; 135(4): 419-26.
75. Ignatiadis M, Perraki M, Apostolaki S, et al. Molecular detection and prognostic value of circulating cytokeratin-19 messenger RNA-positive and HER2 messenger RNA-positive cells in the peripheral blood of women with early-stage breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2007; 7(11): 883-9.
76. Ignatiadis M, Kallergi G, Ntoulia M, et al. Prognostic value of the molecular detection of circulating tumor cells using a multimarker reverse transcription-PCR assay for cytokeratin 19, mammaglobin A, and HER2 in early breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14(9): 2593-600.
77. Ignatiadis M, Xenidis N, Perraki M, et al. Different prognostic value of cytokeratin-19 mRNA positive circulating tumor cells according to estrogen receptor and HER2 status in early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(33): 5194-202.
78. Wulfing P, Borchard J, Buerger H, et al. HER2-positive circulating tumor cells indicate poor clinical outcome in stage I to III breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12(6): 1715-20.
79. Li G, Passebosc-Faure K, Gentil-Perret A, Lambert C, Genin C, Tostain J. Cadherin-6 gene expression in conventional renal cell carcinoma: a useful marker to detect circulating tumor cells. Anticancer Res 2005; 25(1A): 377-81.
80. Zhao S, Yang H, Zhang M, et al. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detected by triple-marker EpCAM, CK19, and hMAM RT-PCR and their relation to clinical outcome in metastatic breast cancer patients. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 65(2): 263-73.
81. Apostolaki S, Perraki M, Kallergi G, et al. Detection of occult HER2 mRNA-positive tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with operable breast cancer: evaluation of their prognostic relevance. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 117(3): 525-34.