An examination of the association between 5-HTTLPR, combat exposure, and PTSD diagnosis among U.S. Veterans

PLoS ONE

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2015, Pages

  Liu, Yutao ^a   Garrett, Melanie E ^b   Dennis, Michelle F ^b,c,d   Green, Kimberly T ^b   Ashley Koch, Allison E ^b   Hauser, Michael A ^b   Beckham, Jean C ^b,c,d   Kimbrel, Nathan A ^b,c,d  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c DURHAM VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d Education and Clinical Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SLC6A4 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

5 HTTLPR GENE; ADULT; ARTICLE; BLACK PERSON; CAUCASIAN; COMBAT EXPOSURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; HUMAN; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; SELF REPORT; SLC6A4 GENE; VETERAN; CASE CONTROL STUDY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDY; GENETICS; MIDDLE AGED; PHENOTYPE; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; UNITED STATES; WAR EXPOSURE;

ADULT; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; FEMALE; GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHENOTYPE; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; SEROTONIN PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; UNITED STATES; VETERANS; WAR EXPOSURE;

EID: 84925645344     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119998     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Cerda M, Sagdeo A, Johnson J, Galea S. Genetic and environmental influences on psychiatric comorbidity: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2010; 126(1- 2): 14-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.005 PMID: 20537396
2. Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Rutter M. Strategy for investigating interactions between measured genes and measured environments. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62(5): 473-481. PMID: 15867100
3. Kremen WS, Koenen KC, Afari N, Lyons MJ. Twin studies of posttraumatic stress disorder: Differentiating vulnerability factors from sequelae. Neuropharmacology. 2011; 62(2): 647-653. doi: 10.1016/j. neuropharm.2011.03.012 PMID: 21443892
4. Lyons MJ, Goldberg J, Eisen SA, True W, Tsuang MT, Meyer JM, et al. Do genes influence exposure to trauma? A twin study of combat. Am J Med Genet. 1993; 48(1): 22-27. PMID: 8357033
5. Stein MB, Jang KL, Taylor S, Vernon PA, Livesley WJ. Genetic and environmental influences on trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: A twin study. Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159(10): 1675-1681. PMID: 12359672
6. True WR, Rice J, Eisen SA, Heath AC, Goldberg J, Lyons MJ, et al. A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to liability for posttraumatic stress symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993; 50(4): 257-264. PMID: 8466386
7. Ramamoorthy S, Bauman AL, Moore KR, Han H, Yang-Feng T, Chang AS, et al. Antidepressant- and cocaine-sensitive human serotonin transporter: molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993; 90(6): 2542-2546. PMID: 7681602
8. Ravindran LN, Stein MB. Pharmacotherapy of post-traumatic stress disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2010; 2: 505-525. PMID: 21309124
9. Hu XZ, Lipsky RH, Zhu G, Akhtar LA, Taubman J, Greenberg BD, et al. Serotonin transporter promoter gain-of-function genotypes are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Hum Genet. 2006; 78(5): 815-826. PMID: 16642437
10. PMID: 12749731
11. Smits KM, Smits LJ, Peeters FP, Schouten JS, Janssen RG, Smeets HJ, et al. The influence of 5-HTTLPR and STin2 polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene on treatment effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depressive patients. Psychiatr Genet. 2008; 18(4): 184- 190. doi: 10. 1097/YPG.0b013e3283050aca PMID: 18628680
12. Kilpatrick DG, Koenen KC, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R, Galea S, Resnick HS, et al. The serotonin transporter genotype and social support and moderation of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in hurricane-exposed adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2007; 164(11): 1693-1699. PMID: 17974934
13. Grabe HJ, Spitzer C, Schwahn C, Marcinek A, Frahnow A., Barnow S, et al. Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) promoter polymorphisms and the susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population. Am J Psychiatry. 2009; 166(8): 926-933. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08101542 PMID: 19487392
14. Koenen KC, Aiello AE, Bakshis E, Amstadter AB, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R, et al. Modification of the association between serotonin transporter genotype and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults by county-level social environment. Am J Epidemiol. 2009; 169(6): 704-711. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn397 PMID: 19228812
15. 04787blu PMID: 20441718
16. Mellman TA, Alim T, Brown DD, Gorodetsky E, Buzas B, Lawson WB, et al. Serotonin polymorphisms and posttraumatic stress disorder in a trauma exposed African American population. Depress Anxiety. 2009; 26(11): 993-997. doi: 10.1002/da.20627 PMID: 19842167
17. independent populations. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009; 66(11): 1201-1209. doi: 10.1001/ archgenpsychiatry.2009.153 PMID: 19884608
18. Xie P, Kranzler HR, Farrer L, Gerlenter J. Serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR genotype moderates the effects of childhood adversity on posttraumatic stress disorder risk: A replication study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2012; 159B: 644-652. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32068 PMID: 22693124
19. Wang ZW, Baker DG, Harrer J, Hamner M, Price M, Amstadter A. The relationship between combatrelated posttraumatic stress disorder and the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism. Depress Anxiety. 2011; 28(12): 1067-1073. doi: 10.1002/da.20872 PMID: 21818827
20. Gressier F, Calati R, Balestri M, Marsano A, Alberti S, Antypa N, et al. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. J Trauma Stress. 2013; 26: 645-653. doi: 10. 1002/jts.21855 PMID: 24222274
21. Navarro-Mateu F, Escamez T, Koenen K, Alonso J, Sanchez-Meca J. Meta-analyses of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms and post-traumatic stress disorder. PLoS One. 2013; e6627.
22. Caspi A, Sugden K,Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, et al. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphismin the 5-HTT gene. Science. 2003; 301(5631): 386-389. PMID: 12869766
23. Strug LJ, Suresh R, Fyer AJ, Talati A, Adams PB, Li W, et al. Panic disorder is associated with the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) but not the promoter region (5-HTTLPR). Mol Psychiatry. 2010; 15(2), 166-176. doi: 10.1038/mp.2008.79 PMID: 18663369
24. Lesch KP, Bengel D, Heils A, Sabol SZ, Greenberg BD, Petri S, et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science. 1996; 274 (5292): 1527-1531. PMID: 8929413
25. PMID: 21890791
26. Keane TM, Fairbank JA, Caddell JM, Zimering RT, Taylor KL, Mora CA. Clinical Evaluation of a Measure to Assess Combat Exposure. Psychol Assess. 1989; 1(1): 53-55.
27. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc; 1994.
28. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structural Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV Disorders (Version 2nd). New York, NY: Biometrics Research Department; 1994.
29. Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Gusman FD, Charney DS, et al. The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. J Trauma Stress. 1995; 8(1): 75-90. PMID: 7712061
30. Davidson JR, Book SW, Colket JT, Tupler LA, Roth S, David D, Hertzberg M, et al. Assessment of a new self-rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med. 1997; 27(1):153-160. PMID: 9122295
31. Kubany ES, Haynes SN, Leisen MB, Owens JA, Kaplan AS, Watson SB, et al. Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. Psychol Assess. 2000; 12(2), 210-224. PMID: 10887767
32. Clancy CP, Graybeal A, Tompson WP, Badgett KS, Feldman ME, Calhoun PS, et al. Lifetime trauma exposure in veterans with military-related posttraumatic stress disorder: association with current symptomatology. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006; 67(9): 1346-1353. PMID: 17017820
33. Patterson N, Price AL, Reich D. Population structure and eigenanalysis. PLoS Genetics. 2006; 2(12), e190. PMID: 17194218
34. Wolf EJ, Mitchell KS, Koenen KC, Miller MW. Combat exposure severity as a moderator of genetic and environmental liability to post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med. 2014; 44: 1499-1509. doi: 10. 1017/S0033291713002286 PMID: 24001428
35. Lyons MJ, Genderson M, Grant MD, Logue M, Zink T, McKenzie R, et al. Gene-environment interaction of ApoE genotype and combat exposure on PTSD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2013; 162(7): 762-769. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32154 PMID: 24132908
36. Kimbrel NA, Hauser MA, Garrett M, Ashley-Koch A, Liu Y, Dennis MF, et al. Effect of the APOE å4 allele and combat exposure on PTSD among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. Depression and Anxiety. In press.
37. Hoge CW, Castro CA, Messer SC, McGurk D, Cotting DI, Koffman RL. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351: 13-22. PMID: 15229303
38. Lapierre C, Schwegler A, LaBauve B. Posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms in soldiers returning from combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. J Trauma Stress. 2007; 20: 93-943.