Unfinished tasks foster rumination and impair sleeping - Particularly if leaders have high performance expectations

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 490-499

  Syrek, Christine J ^a   Antoni, Conny H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TRIER   (Germany)

Author keywords

Leadership; Performance expectations; Sleep; Unfinished tasks; Work related rumination

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COGNITION; EMPLOYEE; EXPECTATION; LEADERSHIP; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RUMINATION; SLEEP; SLEEP DISORDER; TASK PERFORMANCE; TIME; TIME PRESSURE; UNFINISHED TASK; WELLBEING; WORK; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; DEPRESSION; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE DISORDERS; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; DEPRESSION; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEADERSHIP; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE DISORDERS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84925623170     PISSN: 10768998     EISSN: 19391307     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0037127     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Åkerstedt, T., Fredlund, P., Gillberg, M., & Jansson, B. (2002). Work load and work hours in relation to disturbed sleep and fatigue in a large representative sample. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 585-588. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00447-6
2. Åkerstedt, T., Nilsson, P. M., & Kecklund, G. (2009). Sleep and recovery. In S. Sonnentag, P. Perrewé, & D. Ganster (Eds.), Current perspectives on job-stress recovery (pp. 205-247). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
3. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 309-328. doi:10.1108/02683940710733115
4. Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2, 297-307. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4
5. Baumeister, R. F., & Bushman, B. J. (2010). Social psychology and human nature. Stamford, CT: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
6. Berset, M., Elfering, A., Lüthy, S., Lüthi, S., & Semmer, N. K. (2011). Work stressors and impaired sleep: Rumination as a mediator. Stress and Health, 27, 71-82. doi:10.1002/smi.1337
7. Binnewies, C., & Herdt, L. (2012). Relationships between supervisor behavior and employees' recovery during leisure time. Paper presented at the 10th conference of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. Zurich, Switzerland.
8. Bliese, P. D., & Ployhart, R. E. (2002). Growth modeling using random coefficient models: Model building, testing, and illustrations. Organizational Research Methods, 5, 362-387. doi:10.1177/109442802237116
9. Brosschot, J. F., Pieper, S., & Thayer, J. F. (2005). Expanding stress theory: Prolonged activation and perseverative cognition. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 1043-1049. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.04.008
10. Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical linear models (Vol. 1). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
11. Cappuccio, F. P., D'Elia, L., Strazzullo, P., & Miller, M. A. (2010). Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 33, 414-20. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1124
12. Claessens, B. J., van Eerde, W., Rutte, C. G., & Roe, R. A. (2010). Things to do today. . .: A daily diary study on task completion at work. Applied Psychology, 59, 273-295. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00390.x
13. Cropley, M., Dijk, D.-J., & Stanley, N. (2006). Job strain, work rumination, and sleep in school teachers. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 15, 181-196. doi:10.1080/13594320500513913
14. Cropley, M., & Millward, L. J. (2009). How do individuals 'switch-off' from work during leisure? A qualitative description of the unwinding process in high and low ruminators. Leisure Studies, 28, 333-347. doi:10.1080/02614360902951682
15. Cropley, M., & Millward Purvis, L. (2003). Job strain and rumination about work issues during leisure time: A diary study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12, 195-207. doi:10.1080/ 13594320344000093
16. Cropley, M., & Zijlstra, F. R. H. (2011). Work and rumination. In C. L. Cooper & J. Langan-Fox (Eds.), Handbook of stress in the occupations (pp. 487-502). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. doi: 10.4337/9780857931153.00061
17. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Bulters, A. J. (2004). The loss spiral of work pressure, work-home interference and exhaustion: Reciprocal relations in a three-wave study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64, 131-149. doi:10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00030-7
18. Garst, H., Frese, M., & Molenaar, P. C. M. (2000). The temporal factor of change in stressor-strain relationships: A growth curve model on a longitudinal study in East Germany. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 417-438. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.417
19. Geurts, S. A. E., & Sonnentag, S. (2006). Recovery as an explanatory mechanism in the relation between acute stress reactions and chronic health impairment. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 32, 482-492. doi:10.5271/sjweh.1053
20. Harvey, A. G., Sharpley, A. L., Ree, M. J., Stinson, K., & Clark, D. M. (2007). An open trial of cognitive therapy for chronic insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2491. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.007
21. Heslop, P., Smith, G. D., Metcalfe, C., Macleod, J., & Hart, C. (2002). Sleep duration and mortality: The effect of short or long sleep duration on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in working men and women. Sleep Medicine, 3, 305-14. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(02)00016-3
22. Hobfoll, S. E. (1998). Stress, culture, and community: The psychology and philosophy of stress. New York, NY: Plenum Press. doi:10.1007/978- 1-4899-0115-6
23. House, M. B., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
24. Jansson-Fröjmark, M., & Lindblom, K. (2008). A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia? A prospective study in the general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 443-9. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.10.016
25. Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 755-68. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
26. Kelloway, E. K., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Loughlin, C. (2012). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership. Work & Stress, 26, 39-55. doi:10.1080/02678373.2012.660774
27. Larsen, B. A., & Christenfeld, N. J. (2011). Cognitive distancing, cognitive restructuring, and cardiovascular recovery from stress. Biological Psychology, 86, 143-8. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.02.011
28. Lepine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & Lepine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor-hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 764-775. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2005 .18803921
29. Lewin, K. (1935). A dynamic theory of personality. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
30. MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Rich, G. A. (2001). Transformational and transactional leadership and salesperson performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29, 115-134. doi:10.1177/ 03079459994506
31. Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer (Ed.), Ruminative thoughts (pp. 1-47). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
32. Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In P. J. D. Drenth, H. Thierry, & C. de Wolff (Eds.), Handbook of work and organizational psychology: Work psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 5-33). Hove, England: Psychology Press.
33. Mohr, G., Müller, A., Rigotti, T., Aycan, Z., & Tschan, F. (2006). The assessment of psychological strain in work contexts. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22, 198-206. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.22 .3.198
34. Muris, P., Roelofs, J., Rassin, E., Franken, I., & Mayer, B. (2005). Mediating effects of rumination and worry on the links between neuroticism, anxiety and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 1105-1111. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.04.005
35. National Sleep Foundation. (2013). Retrieved from http://www .sleepfoundation.org
36. Nielsen, K., Randall, R., Yarker, J., & Brenner, S.-O. (2008). The effects of transformational leadership on followers' perceived work characteristics and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study. Work & Stress, 22, 16-32. doi:10.1080/02678370801979430
37. Pearce, C. L., & Sims, H. P. J. (2002). Vertical versus shared leadership as predictors of the effectiveness of change management teams: An examination of aversive, directive, transactional, transformational, and empowering leader behaviors. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6, 172-197. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.6.2.172
38. Pinheiro, J. C., & Bates, D. M. (2000). Mixed effects models in S and S-PLUS. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419- 0318-1
39. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
40. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142. doi:10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
41. Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 437-448. doi:10.3102/10769986031004437
42. Querstret, D., & Cropley, M. (2012). Exploring the relationship between work-related rumination, sleep quality, and work-related fatigue. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17, 341. doi:10.1037/a0028552
43. Ribet, C., & Derriennic, F. (1999). Age, working conditions, and sleep disorders: A longitudinal analysis in the French cohort E. S. T. E. V. Sleep, 22, 491-504.
44. Roe, R. A., & Zijlstra, F. R. (2000). Work pressure. Results of a conceptual and empirical analysis. In M. Vartiainen, F. Avalone, & N. Anderson (Eds.), Innovative theories, tools, and practices in work and organizational psychology (pp. 29-46). Stuttgart, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
45. Roger, D., & Jamieson, J. (1988). Individual differences in delayed heartrate recovery following stress: The role of extraversion, neuroticism and emotional control. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 721-726. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(88)90061-X
46. Rothbard, N. P., Phillips, K. W., & Dumas, T. L. (2005). Managing multiple roles: Work-Family policies and individuals? Desires for segmentation. Organization Science, 16, 243-258. doi:10.1287/orsc.1050 .0124
47. Rowold, J., & Schlotz, W. (2009). Transformational and transactional leadership and followers' chronic stress. Leadership Review, 9, 35-48.
48. Scott, B. A., & Judge, T. A. (2006). Insomnia, emotions, and job satisfaction: A multilevel study. Journal of Management, 32, 622-645. doi: 10.1177/0149206306289762
49. Seifert, C. M., & Patalano, A. L. (1991). Memory for incomplete tasks: A re-examination of the zeigarnik effect. In Proceedings of the thirteenth annual conference of the cognitive science society [refereed] (pp. 114-119). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
50. Semmer, N. K., Zapf, D., & Dunckel, H. (1999). Instrument zur streßbezogenen Tätigkeitsanalyse (ISTA) Instrument for the stress-oriented job analysis ISTA. H. Dunckel (Ed.), Handbuch psychologischer Arbeitsanalyseverfahren, 179-204. Zürich, Switzerland: VdF Hochschulverlag.
51. Seo, M.-G., Barrett, L. F., & Bartunek, J. M. (2004). The role of affective experience in work motivation. The Academy of Management Review, 29, 423-439.
52. Sonnentag, S. (2012). Psychological detachment from work during leisure time: The benefits of mentally disengaging from work. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 114-118. doi:10.1177/ 0963721411434979
53. Sonnentag, S., & Bayer, U. V. (2005). Switching off mentally: Predictors and consequences of psychological detachment from work during offjob time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 393-414. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.4.393
54. Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2007). The recovery experience questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 204-21. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.204
55. Spector, E. (2006). Method variance in organizational research: Truth or urban legend? Organizational Research Methods, 9, 221-232. doi: 10.1177/1094428105284955
56. Statistisches Bundesamt. (2013). Qualität der Arbeit [Quality of work]. Retrieved from https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/Indikatoren/ QualitaetArbeit/QualitaetArbeit.html
57. Steptoe, A., O'Donnell, K., Marmot, M., & Wardle, J. (2008). Positive affect, psychological well-being, and good sleep. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 409-15. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.11.008
58. Tourish, D. (2013). The dark side of transformational leadership: A critical perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
59. Wang, P., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2007). Family-friendly programs, organizational commitment, and work withdrawal: The moderating role of transformational leadership. Personnel Psychology, 60, 397-427. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00078.x
60. Watkins, E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 163-206. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2 .163
61. Widmer, P. S., Semmer, N. K., Kälin, W., Jacobshagen, N., & Meier, L. L. (2012). The ambivalence of challenge stressors: Time pressure associated with both negative and positive well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 422-433. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.09.006
62. Yukl, G. (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 285-305. doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00013-2
63. Zeigarnik, B. (1927). Das Behalten erledigter und unerledigter Handlungen [Remembering finished and unfinished tasks]. Psychologische Forschung, 9, 1-85.
64. Zeigarnik, B. (1938). On finished and unfinished tasks. In W. D. Ellis (Ed.), A source book of Gestalt psychology (pp. 300-314). Gouldsboro, ME: The Gestalt Journal Press.