메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 270-282

Socioeconomic Gradients in Internalized Stigma Among 4,314 Persons with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author keywords

Africa South of the Sahara; HIV; Social class; Social discrimination; Social stigma

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL STIGMA; STEREOTYPING;

EID: 84925502888     PISSN: 10907165     EISSN: 15733254     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0993-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (99)
  • 2
    • 0001771626 scopus 로고
    • The instrumental and symbolic functions of attitudes towards persons with AIDS
    • Pryor JB, Reeder GD, Vinacco R, Kott TL. The instrumental and symbolic functions of attitudes towards persons with AIDS. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1989;19(5):377–404.
    • (1989) J Appl Soc Psychol. , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 377-404
    • Pryor, J.B.1    Reeder, G.D.2    Vinacco, R.3    Kott, T.L.4
  • 3
    • 84889043945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harnessing poverty alleviation to reduce the stigma of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa
    • e1001557 PID: 24319400
    • Tsai AC, Bangsberg DR, Weiser SD. Harnessing poverty alleviation to reduce the stigma of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Med. 2013;10(11):e1001557.
    • (2013) PLoS Med. , vol.10 , Issue.11
    • Tsai, A.C.1    Bangsberg, D.R.2    Weiser, S.D.3
  • 4
    • 0022388394 scopus 로고
    • Social consequences of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL28%2FitlyqtQ%3D%3D, PID: 4051353
    • Cassens BJ. Social consequences of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103(5):768–71.
    • (1985) Ann Intern Med. , vol.103 , Issue.5 , pp. 768-771
    • Cassens, B.J.1
  • 5
    • 84935989046 scopus 로고
    • A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: an empirical assessment
    • Link BG, Cullen FT, Struening E, Shrout PE. A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: an empirical assessment. Am Sociol Rev. 1989;54(3):400–23.
    • (1989) Am Sociol Rev. , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 400-423
    • Link, B.G.1    Cullen, F.T.2    Struening, E.3    Shrout, P.E.4
  • 6
    • 85067766237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pantelic M, Shenderovich Y, Cluver L, Boyes M. Predictors of internalised HIV-related stigma: a systematic review of studies in sub-Saharan Africa. (in press)
    • Pantelic M, Shenderovich Y, Cluver L, Boyes M. Predictors of internalised HIV-related stigma: a systematic review of studies in sub-Saharan Africa. Health Psychol Rev (in press).
    • Health Psychol Rev
  • 7
    • 0035651415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring stigma in people with HIV: psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnpslensQ%3D%3D, PID: 11746080
    • Berger BE, Ferrans CE, Lashley FR. Measuring stigma in people with HIV: psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Res Nurs Health. 2001;24(6):518–29.
    • (2001) Res Nurs Health , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 518-529
    • Berger, B.E.1    Ferrans, C.E.2    Lashley, F.R.3
  • 8
    • 34548626995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument—PLWA (HASI-P)
    • PID: 17851997
    • Holzemer WL, Uys LR, Chirwa ML, et al. Validation of the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument—PLWA (HASI-P). AIDS Care. 2007;19(8):1002–12.
    • (2007) AIDS Care. , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 1002-1012
    • Holzemer, W.L.1    Uys, L.R.2    Chirwa, M.L.3
  • 9
    • 50049091496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of parallel scales to measure HIV-related stigma
    • PID: 18266101
    • Visser MJ, Kershaw T, Makin JD, Forsyth BW. Development of parallel scales to measure HIV-related stigma. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(5):759–71.
    • (2008) AIDS Behav , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 759-771
    • Visser, M.J.1    Kershaw, T.2    Makin, J.D.3    Forsyth, B.W.4
  • 10
    • 57649119899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale
    • PID: 19085224
    • Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Cloete A, Mthembu PP, Mkhonta RN, Ginindza T. Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale. AIDS Care. 2009;21(1):87–93.
    • (2009) AIDS Care. , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-93
    • Kalichman, S.C.1    Simbayi, L.C.2    Cloete, A.3    Mthembu, P.P.4    Mkhonta, R.N.5    Ginindza, T.6
  • 11
    • 84872686179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the reliability and validity of the internalized AIDS-related stigma scale in rural Uganda
    • PID: 22869104
    • Tsai AC, Weiser SD, Steward WT, et al. Evidence for the reliability and validity of the internalized AIDS-related stigma scale in rural Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(1):427–33.
    • (2013) AIDS Behav , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 427-433
    • Tsai, A.C.1    Weiser, S.D.2    Steward, W.T.3
  • 13
    • 21244432292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a brief scale to measure AIDS-related stigma in South Africa
    • PID: 15933833
    • Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Jooste S, et al. Development of a brief scale to measure AIDS-related stigma in South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2005;9(2):135–43.
    • (2005) AIDS Behav , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-143
    • Kalichman, S.C.1    Simbayi, L.C.2    Jooste, S.3
  • 14
    • 74949087759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in HIV-related knowledge and behaviors in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Calverton, ICF Macro:
    • Mishra V, Agrawal P, Alva S, Gu Y, Wang S. Changes in HIV-related knowledge and behaviors in sub-Saharan Africa. DHS Comparative Reports No. 24. Calverton: ICF Macro; 2009.
    • (2009) DHS Comparative Reports , vol.24
    • Mishra, V.1    Agrawal, P.2    Alva, S.3    Gu, Y.4    Wang, S.5
  • 15
    • 67649259133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in four countries: negative attitudes and perceived acts of discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS
    • PID: 19427086
    • Genberg BL, Hlavka Z, Konda KA, et al. A comparison of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in four countries: negative attitudes and perceived acts of discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(12):2279–87.
    • (2009) Soc Sci Med , vol.68 , Issue.12 , pp. 2279-2287
    • Genberg, B.L.1    Hlavka, Z.2    Konda, K.A.3
  • 16
    • 67649403320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of HIV stigma and discrimination in five international sites: the influence of care and treatment resources in high prevalence settings
    • PID: 19394121
    • Maman S, Abler L, Parker L, et al. A comparison of HIV stigma and discrimination in five international sites: the influence of care and treatment resources in high prevalence settings. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(12):2271–8.
    • (2009) Soc Sci Med , vol.68 , Issue.12 , pp. 2271-2278
    • Maman, S.1    Abler, L.2    Parker, L.3
  • 17
    • 0024435207 scopus 로고
    • The sociological study of stress
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1MzotFamsQ%3D%3D, PID: 2674272
    • Pearlin LI. The sociological study of stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1989;30(3):241–56.
    • (1989) J Health Soc Behav , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 241-256
    • Pearlin, L.I.1
  • 18
    • 84935217000 scopus 로고
    • Understanding labeling effects in the area of mental disorders: an assessment of the effects of expectations of rejection
    • Link BG. Understanding labeling effects in the area of mental disorders: an assessment of the effects of expectations of rejection. Am Sociol Rev. 1987;52(1):96–112.
    • (1987) Am Sociol Rev , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 96-112
    • Link, B.G.1
  • 19
    • 0026229964 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of stigma coping orientations: can negative consequences of mental illness labeling be avoided?
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FktlCrtw%3D%3D, PID: 1940212
    • Link BG, Mirotznik J, Cullen FT. The effectiveness of stigma coping orientations: can negative consequences of mental illness labeling be avoided? J Health Soc Behav. 1991;32(3):302–20.
    • (1991) J Health Soc Behav , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 302-320
    • Link, B.G.1    Mirotznik, J.2    Cullen, F.T.3
  • 20
    • 84893195497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamic relationship between social support and HIV stigma in rural Uganda
    • PID: 24500077
    • Takada S, Weiser SD, Kumbakumba E, et al. The dynamic relationship between social support and HIV stigma in rural Uganda. Ann Behav Med. 2014;48(1):26–37.
    • (2014) Ann Behav Med , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-37
    • Takada, S.1    Weiser, S.D.2    Kumbakumba, E.3
  • 21
    • 34047112403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa
    • PID: 17337318
    • Simbayi LC, Kalichman S, Strebel A, Cloete A, Henda N, Mqeketo A. Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64(9):1823–31.
    • (2007) Soc Sci Med. , vol.64 , Issue.9 , pp. 1823-1831
    • Simbayi, L.C.1    Kalichman, S.2    Strebel, A.3    Cloete, A.4    Henda, N.5    Mqeketo, A.6
  • 22
    • 84860483054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food insecurity, depression and the modifying role of social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural Uganda
    • PID: 22513248
    • Tsai AC, Bangsberg DR, Frongillo EA, et al. Food insecurity, depression and the modifying role of social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural Uganda. Soc Sci Med. 2012;74(12):2012–9.
    • (2012) Soc Sci Med , vol.74 , Issue.12 , pp. 2012-2019
    • Tsai, A.C.1    Bangsberg, D.R.2    Frongillo, E.A.3
  • 23
    • 0034152218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dimensionality of stigma: a comparison of its impact on the self of persons with HIV/AIDS and cancer
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3htl2jtA%3D%3D, PID: 10750322
    • Fife BL, Wright ER. The dimensionality of stigma: a comparison of its impact on the self of persons with HIV/AIDS and cancer. J Health Soc Behav. 2000;41(1):50–67.
    • (2000) J Health Soc Behav , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-67
    • Fife, B.L.1    Wright, E.R.2
  • 24
    • 84867748339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors, barriers and facilitators for linkage to antiretroviral therapy care: a systematic review
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsVyks7fN, PID: 22781227
    • Govindasamy D, Ford N, Kranzer K. Risk factors, barriers and facilitators for linkage to antiretroviral therapy care: a systematic review. AIDS. 2012;26(16):2059–67.
    • (2012) AIDS. , vol.26 , Issue.16 , pp. 2059-2067
    • Govindasamy, D.1    Ford, N.2    Kranzer, K.3
  • 25
    • 84904500519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of depression assessment among persons with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis
    • PID: 24853307
    • Tsai AC. Reliability and validity of depression assessment among persons with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66(5):503–11.
    • (2014) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.66 , Issue.5 , pp. 503-511
    • Tsai, A.C.1
  • 26
    • 78649924955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A marginal structural model to estimate the causal effect of antidepressant medication treatment on viral suppression among homeless and marginally housed persons with HIV
    • PID: 21135328
    • Tsai AC, Weiser SD, Petersen ML, Ragland K, Kushel MB, Bangsberg DR. A marginal structural model to estimate the causal effect of antidepressant medication treatment on viral suppression among homeless and marginally housed persons with HIV. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(12):1282–90.
    • (2010) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.12 , pp. 1282-1290
    • Tsai, A.C.1    Weiser, S.D.2    Petersen, M.L.3    Ragland, K.4    Kushel, M.B.5    Bangsberg, D.R.6
  • 27
    • 84872177257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directly observed antidepressant medication treatment and HIV outcomes among homeless and marginally housed HIV-positive adults: a randomized controlled trial
    • PID: 22720766
    • Tsai AC, Karasic DH, Hammer GP, et al. Directly observed antidepressant medication treatment and HIV outcomes among homeless and marginally housed HIV-positive adults: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(2):308–15.
    • (2013) Am J Public Health , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 308-315
    • Tsai, A.C.1    Karasic, D.H.2    Hammer, G.P.3
  • 28
    • 84897998324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism may improve depression in ART-treated HIV-infected Ugandans
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXjsVKmsLg%3D, PID: 24220289
    • Martinez P, Tsai AC, Muzoora C, et al. Reversal of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism may improve depression in ART-treated HIV-infected Ugandans. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;65(4):456–62.
    • (2014) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 456-462
    • Martinez, P.1    Tsai, A.C.2    Muzoora, C.3
  • 29
    • 84889048117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis
    • PID: 24242258
    • Katz IT, Ryu AE, Onuegbu AG, et al. Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16(Suppl 2):18640.
    • (2013) J Int AIDS Soc. , vol.16 , pp. 18640
    • Katz, I.T.1    Ryu, A.E.2    Onuegbu, A.G.3
  • 30
    • 35448969800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of perceived stigma from a health care provider on access to care among a low-income HIV-positive population
    • PID: 17711383
    • Kinsler JJ, Wong MD, Sayles JN, Davis C, Cunningham WE. The effect of perceived stigma from a health care provider on access to care among a low-income HIV-positive population. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2007;21(8):584–92.
    • (2007) AIDS Patient Care STDs. , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 584-592
    • Kinsler, J.J.1    Wong, M.D.2    Sayles, J.N.3    Davis, C.4    Cunningham, W.E.5
  • 31
    • 0027935045 scopus 로고
    • Stigmatization, scapegoating and discrimination in sexually transmitted diseases: overcoming ‘them’ and ‘us’
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FpvFektA%3D%3D, PID: 7801170
    • Gilmore N, Somerville MA. Stigmatization, scapegoating and discrimination in sexually transmitted diseases: overcoming ‘them’ and ‘us’. Soc Sci Med. 1994;39(9):1339–58.
    • (1994) Soc Sci Med , vol.39 , Issue.9 , pp. 1339-1358
    • Gilmore, N.1    Somerville, M.A.2
  • 34
    • 11344262222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and addressing AIDS-related stigma: from anthropological theory to clinical practice in Haiti
    • PID: 15623859
    • Castro A, Farmer P. Understanding and addressing AIDS-related stigma: from anthropological theory to clinical practice in Haiti. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(1):53–9.
    • (2005) Am J Public Health , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-59
    • Castro, A.1    Farmer, P.2
  • 35
    • 0038075762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why people stigmatize: toward a biocultural framework
    • Heatherton TF, Kleck RE, Hebl MR, Hull JG, (eds), The Guilford Press, New York:
    • Neuberg SL, Smith DM, Asther T. Why people stigmatize: toward a biocultural framework. In: Heatherton TF, Kleck RE, Hebl MR, Hull JG, editors. The social psychology of stigma. New York: The Guilford Press; 2000. p. 31–61.
    • (2000) The social psychology of stigma , pp. 31-61
    • Neuberg, S.L.1    Smith, D.M.2    Asther, T.3
  • 36
    • 0035287709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3kslCjuw%3D%3D, PID: 11316010
    • Kurzban R, Leary MR. Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion. Psychol Bull. 2001;127(2):187–208.
    • (2001) Psychol Bull , vol.127 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-208
    • Kurzban, R.1    Leary, M.R.2
  • 37
    • 0027743127 scopus 로고
    • Embeddedness and immigration: notes on the social determinants of economic action
    • Portes A, Sensenbrenner J. Embeddedness and immigration: notes on the social determinants of economic action. Am J Sociol. 1993;98(6):1320–50.
    • (1993) Am J Sociol , vol.98 , Issue.6 , pp. 1320-1350
    • Portes, A.1    Sensenbrenner, J.2
  • 38
    • 37149043625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death before dying: understanding AIDS stigma in the South Africa lowveld
    • Niehaus I. Death before dying: understanding AIDS stigma in the South Africa lowveld. J S Afr Stud. 2007;33(4):845–60.
    • (2007) J S Afr Stud. , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 845-860
    • Niehaus, I.1
  • 39
    • 0035806721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-based approaches to HIV treatment in resource-poor settings
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mvls1egtQ%3D%3D, PID: 11502340
    • Farmer P, Leandre F, Mukherjee JS, et al. Community-based approaches to HIV treatment in resource-poor settings. Lancet. 2001;358(9279):404–9.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , Issue.9279 , pp. 404-409
    • Farmer, P.1    Leandre, F.2    Mukherjee, J.S.3
  • 40
    • 52449112749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of universal access to antiretroviral therapy on HIV stigma in Botswana
    • PID: 18703447
    • Wolfe WR, Weiser SD, Leiter K, et al. The impact of universal access to antiretroviral therapy on HIV stigma in Botswana. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(10):1865–71.
    • (2008) Am J Public Health , vol.98 , Issue.10 , pp. 1865-1871
    • Wolfe, W.R.1    Weiser, S.D.2    Leiter, K.3
  • 41
    • 84900322110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIMH Project Accept (HPTN 043): results from in-depth interviews with a longitudinal cohort of community members
    • e87091 PID: 24489841
    • Maman S, van Rooyen H, Stankard P, et al. NIMH Project Accept (HPTN 043): results from in-depth interviews with a longitudinal cohort of community members. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e87091.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , Issue.1
    • Maman, S.1    van Rooyen, H.2    Stankard, P.3
  • 42
    • 49549088334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic impact of AIDS treatment: labor supply in western Kenya
    • PID: 22180664
    • Thirumurthy H, Zivin JG, Goldstein M. The economic impact of AIDS treatment: labor supply in western Kenya. J Hum Resour. 2008;43(3):511–52.
    • (2008) J Hum Resour. , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 511-552
    • Thirumurthy, H.1    Zivin, J.G.2    Goldstein, M.3
  • 43
    • 70450193049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of HIV testing, counselling, and treatment in coping with HIV/AIDS in Uganda: a qualitative analysis
    • PID: 20024747
    • Nyanzi-Wakholi B, Lara AM, Watera C, Munderi P, Gilks C, Grosskurth H. The role of HIV testing, counselling, and treatment in coping with HIV/AIDS in Uganda: a qualitative analysis. AIDS Care. 2009;21(7):903–8.
    • (2009) AIDS Care. , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 903-908
    • Nyanzi-Wakholi, B.1    Lara, A.M.2    Watera, C.3    Munderi, P.4    Gilks, C.5    Grosskurth, H.6
  • 44
    • 84870247048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of HIV antiretroviral therapy on depression and mental health among clients With HIV in Uganda
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1entbnE, PID: 22923701
    • Wagner GJ, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Garnett J, Kityo C, Mugyenyi P. Impact of HIV antiretroviral therapy on depression and mental health among clients With HIV in Uganda. Psychosom Med. 2012;74(9):883–90.
    • (2012) Psychosom Med , vol.74 , Issue.9 , pp. 883-890
    • Wagner, G.J.1    Ghosh-Dastidar, B.2    Garnett, J.3    Kityo, C.4    Mugyenyi, P.5
  • 45
    • 84885431264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does antiretroviral treatment attenuate the stigma of HIV? Evidence from a cohort study in rural Uganda
    • PID: 23670710
    • Tsai AC, Bangsberg DR, Bwana M, et al. How does antiretroviral treatment attenuate the stigma of HIV? Evidence from a cohort study in rural Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(8):2725–31.
    • (2013) AIDS Behav , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 2725-2731
    • Tsai, A.C.1    Bangsberg, D.R.2    Bwana, M.3
  • 46
    • 84883508886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stigma trajectories among people living with HIV (PLHIV) embarking on a life time journey with antiretroviral drugs in Jinja, Uganda
    • PID: 24010761
    • Mbonye M, Nakamanya S, Birungi J, King R, Seeley J, Jaffar S. Stigma trajectories among people living with HIV (PLHIV) embarking on a life time journey with antiretroviral drugs in Jinja, Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):804.
    • (2013) BMC Public Health. , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 804
    • Mbonye, M.1    Nakamanya, S.2    Birungi, J.3    King, R.4    Seeley, J.5    Jaffar, S.6
  • 47
    • 84927565679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+ cell count at antiretroviral therapy initiation and economic restoration in rural Uganda
    • PID: 24406678
    • Venkataramani AS, Haberer JE, Thirumurthy H, et al. CD4+ cell count at antiretroviral therapy initiation and economic restoration in rural Uganda. AIDS. 2014;28(8):1221–6.
    • (2014) AIDS. , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 1221-1226
    • Venkataramani, A.S.1    Haberer, J.E.2    Thirumurthy, H.3
  • 48
    • 33746928692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV testing in national population-based surveys: experience from the Demographic and Health Surveys
    • PID: 16878227
    • Mishra V, Vaessen M, Boerma JT, et al. HIV testing in national population-based surveys: experience from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Bull World Health Organ. 2006;84(7):537–45.
    • (2006) Bull World Health Organ , vol.84 , Issue.7 , pp. 537-545
    • Mishra, V.1    Vaessen, M.2    Boerma, J.T.3
  • 49
    • 36448962724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV infection does not disproportionately affect the poorer in sub-Saharan Africa
    • PID: 18040161
    • Mishra V, Assche SB, Greener R, et al. HIV infection does not disproportionately affect the poorer in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS. 2007;21(Suppl 7):S17–28.
    • (2007) AIDS. , vol.21 , pp. 17-28
    • Mishra, V.1    Assche, S.B.2    Greener, R.3
  • 50
    • 85067750422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National AIDS programmes: a guide to monitoring and evaluation
    • Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
    • UNAIDS. National AIDS programmes: a guide to monitoring and evaluation. UNAIDS/00.17E. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS; 2000.
    • (2000) UNAIDS/00 , vol.17E
  • 51
    • 48549098462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stigma, ethics and policy: a commentary on Bayer’s “Stigma and the ethics of public health: Not can we but should we
    • PID: 18423825, discussion 476–477
    • Burris S. Stigma, ethics and policy: a commentary on Bayer’s “Stigma and the ethics of public health: Not can we but should we”. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(3):473–5 discussion 476–477.
    • (2008) Soc Sci Med. , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 473-475
    • Burris, S.1
  • 52
    • 14644425446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community level effects of gender inequality on intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in Colombia: testing the feminist perspective
    • PID: 15748669
    • Pallitto CC, O’Campo P. Community level effects of gender inequality on intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in Colombia: testing the feminist perspective. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(10):2205–16.
    • (2005) Soc Sci Med , vol.60 , Issue.10 , pp. 2205-2216
    • Pallitto, C.C.1    O’Campo, P.2
  • 53
    • 0035260695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data—or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3jsVSgsQ%3D%3D, PID: 11227840
    • Filmer D, Pritchett LH. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data—or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography. 2001;38(1):115–32.
    • (2001) Demography , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-132
    • Filmer, D.1    Pritchett, L.H.2
  • 54
    • 1642420994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data
    • PID: 15033648
    • Zou G. A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(7):702–6.
    • (2004) Am J Epidemiol. , vol.159 , Issue.7 , pp. 702-706
    • Zou, G.1
  • 55
    • 80054079359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of the modified Poisson regression approach for estimating relative risks from clustered prospective data
    • PID: 21841157
    • Yelland LN, Salter AB, Ryan P. Performance of the modified Poisson regression approach for estimating relative risks from clustered prospective data. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(8):984–92.
    • (2011) Am J Epidemiol. , vol.174 , Issue.8 , pp. 984-992
    • Yelland, L.N.1    Salter, A.B.2    Ryan, P.3
  • 56
    • 84863007463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects
    • Williams R. Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects. Stata J. 2012;12(2):308–31.
    • (2012) Stata J. , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 308-331
    • Williams, R.1
  • 57
    • 65349175871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Felt stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural and urban Kenya
    • PID: 19357758
    • Yebei VN, Fortenberry JD, Ayuku DO. Felt stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural and urban Kenya. Afr Health Sci. 2008;8(2):97–102.
    • (2008) Afr Health Sci. , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-102
    • Yebei, V.N.1    Fortenberry, J.D.2    Ayuku, D.O.3
  • 58
    • 84926654732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Siedner MJ, Ng CK, Bassett IV, Katz IT, Bangsberg DR, Tsai AC. Trends in CD4 count at presentation to care and treatment initiation in sub-Saharan Africa, 2002–2013: a meta-analysis
    • Siedner MJ, Ng CK, Bassett IV, Katz IT, Bangsberg DR, Tsai AC. Trends in CD4 count at presentation to care and treatment initiation in sub-Saharan Africa, 2002–2013: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu1137.
    • Clin Infect Dis.
  • 60
  • 61
    • 0346249833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV testing attitudes, AIDS stigma, and voluntary HIV counselling and testing in a black township in Cape Town, South Africa
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3srot1yqtw%3D%3D, PID: 14663117
    • Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC. HIV testing attitudes, AIDS stigma, and voluntary HIV counselling and testing in a black township in Cape Town, South Africa. Sex Transm Infect. 2003;79(6):442–7.
    • (2003) Sex Transm Infect. , vol.79 , Issue.6 , pp. 442-447
    • Kalichman, S.C.1    Simbayi, L.C.2
  • 62
    • 3142720516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traditional beliefs about the cause of AIDS and AIDS-related stigma in South Africa
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2czitFantA%3D%3D, PID: 15223526
    • Kalichman SC, Simbayi L. Traditional beliefs about the cause of AIDS and AIDS-related stigma in South Africa. AIDS Care. 2004;16(5):572–80.
    • (2004) AIDS Care. , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 572-580
    • Kalichman, S.C.1    Simbayi, L.2
  • 63
    • 84925487290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda during a period of increasing HIV incidence despite treatment expansion
    • PID: 25268886
    • Chan BT, Weiser SD, Boum Y, et al. Persistent HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda during a period of increasing HIV incidence despite treatment expansion. AIDS. 2015;29(1):83–90.
    • (2015) AIDS. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-90
    • Chan, B.T.1    Weiser, S.D.2    Boum, Y.3
  • 64
    • 84871272412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing patterns in HIV/AIDS stigma and uptake of voluntary counselling and testing services: the results of two consecutive community surveys conducted in the Western Cape, South Africa
    • PID: 22694602
    • Mall S, Middelkoop K, Mark D, Wood R, Bekker LG. Changing patterns in HIV/AIDS stigma and uptake of voluntary counselling and testing services: the results of two consecutive community surveys conducted in the Western Cape, South Africa. AIDS Care. 2013;25(2):194–201.
    • (2013) AIDS Care. , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-201
    • Mall, S.1    Middelkoop, K.2    Mark, D.3    Wood, R.4    Bekker, L.G.5
  • 65
    • 29944441648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco control, stigma, and public health: rethinking the relations
    • PID: 16317199
    • Bayer R, Stuber J. Tobacco control, stigma, and public health: rethinking the relations. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(1):47–50.
    • (2006) Am J Public Health , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-50
    • Bayer, R.1    Stuber, J.2
  • 66
    • 48549088732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status
    • PID: 18486291
    • Stuber J, Galea S, Link BG. Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(3):420–30.
    • (2008) Soc Sci Med , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 420-430
    • Stuber, J.1    Galea, S.2    Link, B.G.3
  • 67
    • 33751557111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollution, peril and poverty: a British study of the stigmatization of smokers
    • Farrimond HR, Joffe H. Pollution, peril and poverty: a British study of the stigmatization of smokers. J Community Appl Social Psychol. 2006;16(6):481–91.
    • (2006) J Community Appl Social Psychol. , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 481-491
    • Farrimond, H.R.1    Joffe, H.2
  • 68
    • 84885432142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internalized stigma, social distance, and disclosure of HIV seropositivity in rural Uganda
    • PID: 23690283
    • Tsai AC, Bangsberg DR, Kegeles SM, et al. Internalized stigma, social distance, and disclosure of HIV seropositivity in rural Uganda. Ann Behav Med. 2013;46(3):285–94.
    • (2013) Ann Behav Med , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-294
    • Tsai, A.C.1    Bangsberg, D.R.2    Kegeles, S.M.3
  • 69
    • 2342648686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates, barriers and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries: implications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes
    • PID: 15259260
    • Medley A, Garcia-Moreno C, McGill S, Maman S. Rates, barriers and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries: implications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(4):299–307.
    • (2004) Bull World Health Organ , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-307
    • Medley, A.1    Garcia-Moreno, C.2    McGill, S.3    Maman, S.4
  • 70
    • 84894486143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and contextual factors influencing patient attrition from antiretroviral therapy care in an urban community of Lusaka, Zambia
    • Musheke M, Bond V, Merten S. Individual and contextual factors influencing patient attrition from antiretroviral therapy care in an urban community of Lusaka, Zambia. J Int AIDS Soc. 2012;15(Suppl 1):17366.
    • (2012) J Int AIDS Soc. , vol.15 , pp. 17366
    • Musheke, M.1    Bond, V.2    Merten, S.3
  • 71
    • 84890836908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barriers and facilitating factors to the uptake of antiretroviral drugs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
    • PID: 23870277
    • Gourlay A, Birdthistle I, Mburu G, Iorpenda K, Wringe A. Barriers and facilitating factors to the uptake of antiretroviral drugs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16(1):18588.
    • (2013) J Int AIDS Soc. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 18588
    • Gourlay, A.1    Birdthistle, I.2    Mburu, G.3    Iorpenda, K.4    Wringe, A.5
  • 72
    • 84874801389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of qualitative findings on factors enabling and deterring uptake of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa
    • PID: 23497196
    • Musheke M, Ntalasha H, Gari S, et al. A systematic review of qualitative findings on factors enabling and deterring uptake of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:220.
    • (2013) BMC Public Health. , vol.13 , pp. 220
    • Musheke, M.1    Ntalasha, H.2    Gari, S.3
  • 73
    • 25144520535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is poverty or wealth at the root of HIV?
    • PID: 16182881
    • Shelton JD, Cassell MM, Adetunji J. Is poverty or wealth at the root of HIV? Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1057–8.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , Issue.9491 , pp. 1057-1058
    • Shelton, J.D.1    Cassell, M.M.2    Adetunji, J.3
  • 74
    • 34147155858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV prevalence and poverty in Africa: micro- and macro-econometric evidences applied to Burkina Faso
    • PID: 17113173
    • Lachaud JP. HIV prevalence and poverty in Africa: micro- and macro-econometric evidences applied to Burkina Faso. J Health Econ. 2007;26(3):483–504.
    • (2007) J Health Econ. , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 483-504
    • Lachaud, J.P.1
  • 75
    • 57349113703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic status and HIV seroprevalence in Tanzania: a counterintuitive relationship
    • PID: 18820319
    • Msisha WM, Kapiga SH, Earls F, Subramanian SV. Socioeconomic status and HIV seroprevalence in Tanzania: a counterintuitive relationship. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37(6):1297–303.
    • (2008) Int J Epidemiol , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 1297-1303
    • Msisha, W.M.1    Kapiga, S.H.2    Earls, F.3    Subramanian, S.V.4
  • 76
    • 0036275426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational attainment and HIV-1 infection in developing countries: a systematic review
    • PID: 12031070
    • Hargreaves JR, Glynn JR. Educational attainment and HIV-1 infection in developing countries: a systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2002;7(6):489–98.
    • (2002) Trop Med Int Health. , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 489-498
    • Hargreaves, J.R.1    Glynn, J.R.2
  • 77
    • 38149103402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review exploring time trends in the association between educational attainment and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa
    • PID: 18195567
    • Hargreaves JR, Bonell CP, Boler T, et al. Systematic review exploring time trends in the association between educational attainment and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS. 2008;22(3):403–14.
    • (2008) AIDS. , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-414
    • Hargreaves, J.R.1    Bonell, C.P.2    Boler, T.3
  • 78
    • 84881225977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the ‘inverse equity hypothesis’ explain how both poverty and wealth can be associated with HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa?
    • PID: 23235546
    • Hargreaves JR, Davey C, White RG. Does the ‘inverse equity hypothesis’ explain how both poverty and wealth can be associated with HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa? J Epidemiol Community Health. 2013;67(6):526–9.
    • (2013) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 526-529
    • Hargreaves, J.R.1    Davey, C.2    White, R.G.3
  • 79
    • 0015241782 scopus 로고
    • The inverse care law
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE3M7jtlajuw%3D%3D, PID: 4100731
    • Hart JT. The inverse care law. Lancet. 1971;1(7696):405–12.
    • (1971) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7696 , pp. 405-412
    • Hart, J.T.1
  • 80
    • 0034706264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining trends in inequities: evidence from Brazilian child health studies
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvlt1Okug%3D%3D, PID: 11009159
    • Victora CG, Vaughan JP, Barros FC, Silva AC, Tomasi E. Explaining trends in inequities: evidence from Brazilian child health studies. Lancet. 2000;356(9235):1093–8.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , Issue.9235 , pp. 1093-1098
    • Victora, C.G.1    Vaughan, J.P.2    Barros, F.C.3    Silva, A.C.4    Tomasi, E.5
  • 81
    • 39649089867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcending the known in public health practice: the inequality paradox: the population approach and vulnerable populations
    • PID: 18172133
    • Frohlich KL, Potvin L. Transcending the known in public health practice: the inequality paradox: the population approach and vulnerable populations. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(2):216–21.
    • (2008) Am J Public Health , vol.98 , Issue.2 , pp. 216-221
    • Frohlich, K.L.1    Potvin, L.2
  • 82
    • 0031987119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social epidemiology and the fundamental cause concept: on the structuring of effective cancer screens by socioeconomic status
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1cvgvF2jsg%3D%3D, PID: 9738168
    • Link BG, Northridge ME, Phelan JC, Ganz ML. Social epidemiology and the fundamental cause concept: on the structuring of effective cancer screens by socioeconomic status. Milbank Q. 1998;76(3):375–402.
    • (1998) Milbank Q. , vol.76 , Issue.3 , pp. 375-402
    • Link, B.G.1    Northridge, M.E.2    Phelan, J.C.3    Ganz, M.L.4
  • 83
    • 34548009345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does the impact of an HIV/AIDS information campaign vary with educational attainment? Evidence from rural Uganda
    • de Walque D. How does the impact of an HIV/AIDS information campaign vary with educational attainment? Evidence from rural Uganda. J Dev Econ. 2007;84(2):686–714.
    • (2007) J Dev Econ , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 686-714
    • de Walque, D.1
  • 84
    • 84865623778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A typology of structural approaches to HIV prevention: a commentary on Roberts and Matthews
    • PID: 22877933, discussion 1568–1571
    • Tsai AC. A typology of structural approaches to HIV prevention: a commentary on Roberts and Matthews. Soc Sci Med. 2012;75(9):1562–7 discussion 1568–1571.
    • (2012) Soc Sci Med. , vol.75 , Issue.9 , pp. 1562-1567
    • Tsai, A.C.1
  • 85
    • 23044444733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons learned in the conduct, validation, and interpretation of national population based HIV surveys
    • Garcia Calleja JM, Marum LH, Carcamo CP, Kaetano L, Muttunga J, Way A. Lessons learned in the conduct, validation, and interpretation of national population based HIV surveys. AIDS. 2005;19(Suppl 2):S9–17.
    • (2005) AIDS. , vol.19 , pp. 9-17
    • Garcia Calleja, J.M.1    Marum, L.H.2    Carcamo, C.P.3    Kaetano, L.4    Muttunga, J.5    Way, A.6
  • 86
    • 49049095698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of bias in HIV seroprevalence estimates from national household surveys
    • PID: 18647869
    • Mishra V, Barrere B, Hong R, Khan S. Evaluation of bias in HIV seroprevalence estimates from national household surveys. Sex Transm Infect. 2008;84(Suppl 1):i63–70.
    • (2008) Sex Transm Infect. , vol.84 , pp. 63-70
    • Mishra, V.1    Barrere, B.2    Hong, R.3    Khan, S.4
  • 87
    • 78650100087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correcting HIV prevalence estimates for survey nonparticipation using Heckman-type selection models
    • PID: 21150352
    • Barnighausen T, Bor J, Wandira-Kazibwe S, Canning D. Correcting HIV prevalence estimates for survey nonparticipation using Heckman-type selection models. Epidemiology. 2011;22(1):27–35.
    • (2011) Epidemiology. , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-35
    • Barnighausen, T.1    Bor, J.2    Wandira-Kazibwe, S.3    Canning, D.4
  • 88
    • 77956871504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with HIV testing among public sector clinic attendees in Johannesburg, South Africa
    • PID: 18931903
    • Pettifor A, MacPhail C, Suchindran S, Delany-Moretlwe S. Factors associated with HIV testing among public sector clinic attendees in Johannesburg, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(4):913–21.
    • (2010) AIDS Behav. , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 913-921
    • Pettifor, A.1    MacPhail, C.2    Suchindran, S.3    Delany-Moretlwe, S.4
  • 89
    • 84879195438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic determinants of stigmatization and HIV testing in Lesotho
    • PID: 23745624
    • Corno L, de Walque D. Socioeconomic determinants of stigmatization and HIV testing in Lesotho. AIDS Care. 2013;25(Suppl 1):S108–13.
    • (2013) AIDS Care. , vol.25 , pp. 108-113
    • Corno, L.1    de Walque, D.2
  • 90
    • 84863988053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIDS-related stigma, HIV testing, and transmission risk among patrons of informal drinking places in Cape Town, South Africa
    • PID: 22367752
    • Pitpitan EV, Kalichman SC, Eaton LA, et al. AIDS-related stigma, HIV testing, and transmission risk among patrons of informal drinking places in Cape Town, South Africa. Ann Behav Med. 2012;43(3):362–71.
    • (2012) Ann Behav Med. , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 362-371
    • Pitpitan, E.V.1    Kalichman, S.C.2    Eaton, L.A.3
  • 91
    • 63449089154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refusal bias in HIV prevalence estimates from nationally representative seroprevalence surveys
    • PID: 19182677
    • Reniers G, Eaton J. Refusal bias in HIV prevalence estimates from nationally representative seroprevalence surveys. AIDS. 2009;23(5):621–9.
    • (2009) AIDS. , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 621-629
    • Reniers, G.1    Eaton, J.2
  • 92
    • 84873030745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National HIV prevalence estimates for sub-Saharan Africa: controlling selection bias with Heckman-type selection models
    • PID: 23172342
    • Hogan DR, Salomon JA, Canning D, Hammitt JK, Zaslavsky AM, Barnighausen T. National HIV prevalence estimates for sub-Saharan Africa: controlling selection bias with Heckman-type selection models. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88(Suppl 2):i17–23.
    • (2012) Sex Transm Infect. , vol.88 , pp. 17-23
    • Hogan, D.R.1    Salomon, J.A.2    Canning, D.3    Hammitt, J.K.4    Zaslavsky, A.M.5    Barnighausen, T.6
  • 93
    • 81155160168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral therapy refusal among newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults
    • PID: 21832935
    • Katz IT, Essien T, Marinda ET, et al. Antiretroviral therapy refusal among newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults. AIDS. 2011;25(17):2177–81.
    • (2011) AIDS. , vol.25 , Issue.17 , pp. 2177-2181
    • Katz, I.T.1    Essien, T.2    Marinda, E.T.3
  • 94
    • 84905703904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How beliefs about HIV status affect risky behaviors: evidence from Malawi
    • de Paula A, Shapira G, Todd PE. How beliefs about HIV status affect risky behaviors: evidence from Malawi. J Appl Econom. 2014;29(6):944–64.
    • (2014) J Appl Econom. , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 944-964
    • de Paula, A.1    Shapira, G.2    Todd, P.E.3
  • 95
    • 58149236466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The demand for, and impact of, learning HIV status
    • PID: 21687831
    • Thornton RL. The demand for, and impact of, learning HIV status. Am Econ Rev. 2008;98(5):1829–63.
    • (2008) Am Econ Rev , vol.98 , Issue.5 , pp. 1829-1863
    • Thornton, R.L.1
  • 96
    • 84878534874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal expectations and limited medical testing: evidence from Huntington Disease
    • Oster E, Shoulson I, Dorsey ER. Optimal expectations and limited medical testing: evidence from Huntington Disease. Am Econ Rev. 2013;103(2):804–30.
    • (2013) Am Econ Rev , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 804-830
    • Oster, E.1    Shoulson, I.2    Dorsey, E.R.3
  • 99
    • 0002679544 scopus 로고
    • The actor and the observer: divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior
    • Jones EE, Kanhouse DE, Kelley HH, Nisbett RE, Valins S, Weiner B, (eds), General Learning Press, Morristown:
    • Jones EE, Nisbett RE. The actor and the observer: divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In: Jones EE, Kanhouse DE, Kelley HH, Nisbett RE, Valins S, Weiner B, editors. Attribution: perceiving the causes of behavior. Morristown: General Learning Press; 1972. p. 79–94.
    • (1972) Attribution: perceiving the causes of behavior , pp. 79-94
    • Jones, E.E.1    Nisbett, R.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.