메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 85-90

Comparison of anticholinergic risk scales and associations with adverse health outcomes in older people

Author keywords

Adverse outcome; Anticholinergic; Hospitalization; Older people; Risk scale

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; AMITRIPTYLINE; ATENOLOL; CETIRIZINE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CITALOPRAM; CODEINE; DIGOXIN; DILTIAZEM; DIPYRIDAMOLE; FLUOXETINE; FUROSEMIDE; IMIPRAMINE; ISOSORBIDE; LEVOMEPROMAZINE; LOPERAMIDE; LORATADINE; METOCLOPRAMIDE; METOPROLOL; NORTRIPTYLINE; ORPHENADRINE; OXYBUTYNIN; PAROXETINE; PREDNISONE; PROCHLORPERAZINE; QUETIAPINE; RANITIDINE; THEOPHYLLINE; TRAMADOL; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 84925281323     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: 15325415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13206     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (135)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 34447261210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in potentially inappropriate prescribing amongst older UK primary care patients
    • De Wilde S, Carey IM, Harris T et al. Trends in potentially inappropriate prescribing amongst older UK primary care patients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007;16:658-667.
    • (2007) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.16 , pp. 658-667
    • De Wilde, S.1    Carey, I.M.2    Harris, T.3
  • 2
    • 0027636902 scopus 로고
    • The problems of anticholinergic adverse effects in older patients
    • Feinberg M. The problems of anticholinergic adverse effects in older patients. Drugs Aging 1993;3: 335-348.
    • (1993) Drugs Aging , vol.3 , pp. 335-348
    • Feinberg, M.1
  • 4
    • 0026668120 scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic effects of drugs commonly prescribed for the elderly: Potential means for assessing risk of delirium
    • Tune L, Carr S, Hoag E et al. Anticholinergic effects of drugs commonly prescribed for the elderly: Potential means for assessing risk of delirium. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:1393-1394.
    • (1992) Am J Psychiatry , vol.149 , pp. 1393-1394
    • Tune, L.1    Carr, S.2    Hoag, E.3
  • 5
    • 48449102484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic activity of 107 medications commonly used by older adults
    • Chew ML, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG et al. Anticholinergic activity of 107 medications commonly used by older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:1333-1341.
    • (2008) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.56 , pp. 1333-1341
    • Chew, M.L.1    Mulsant, B.H.2    Pollock, B.G.3
  • 6
    • 33644776510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-degenerative mild cognitive impairment in elderly people and use of anticholinergic drugs: Longitudinal cohort study
    • Ancelin ML, Artero S, Portet F et al. Non-degenerative mild cognitive impairment in elderly people and use of anticholinergic drugs: Longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2006;332:455-459.
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.332 , pp. 455-459
    • Ancelin, M.L.1    Artero, S.2    Portet, F.3
  • 7
    • 48249104393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of anticholinergics on the aging brain: A review and practical application
    • Boustani M, Campbell N, Munger S et al. Impact of anticholinergics on the aging brain: A review and practical application. Aging Health 2008;4:311-320.
    • (2008) Aging Health , vol.4 , pp. 311-320
    • Boustani, M.1    Campbell, N.2    Munger, S.3
  • 8
    • 33750720279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Anticholinergic Drug Scale as a measure of drug-related anticholinergic burden: Associations with serum anticholinergic activity
    • Carnahan RM, Lund BC, Perry PJ et al. The Anticholinergic Drug Scale as a measure of drug-related anticholinergic burden: Associations with serum anticholinergic activity. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1481-1486.
    • (2006) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.46 , pp. 1481-1486
    • Carnahan, R.M.1    Lund, B.C.2    Perry, P.J.3
  • 9
    • 76549126343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of drugs with anticholinergic effect and impact on cognition in Parkinson's disease: A cohort study
    • Ehrt U, Broich K, Larsen JP et al. Use of drugs with anticholinergic effect and impact on cognition in Parkinson's disease: A cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:160-165.
    • (2010) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.81 , pp. 160-165
    • Ehrt, U.1    Broich, K.2    Larsen, J.P.3
  • 10
    • 57149143738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative anticholinergic exposure is associated with poor memory and executive function in older men
    • Han L, Agostini JV, Allore HG. Cumulative anticholinergic exposure is associated with poor memory and executive function in older men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:2203-2210.
    • (2008) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.56 , pp. 2203-2210
    • Han, L.1    Agostini, J.V.2    Allore, H.G.3
  • 11
    • 41949083073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Anticholinergic Risk Scale and anticholinergic adverse effects in older persons
    • Rudolph JL, Salow MJ, Angelini MC et al. The Anticholinergic Risk Scale and anticholinergic adverse effects in older persons. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:508-513.
    • (2008) Arch Intern Med , vol.168 , pp. 508-513
    • Rudolph, J.L.1    Salow, M.J.2    Angelini, M.C.3
  • 12
    • 79952332489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of anticholinergic drugs on cognitive function in older Australians: Results from the AIBL study
    • Sittironnarit G, Ames D, Bush AI et al. Effects of anticholinergic drugs on cognitive function in older Australians: Results from the AIBL study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2011;31:173-178.
    • (2011) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.31 , pp. 173-178
    • Sittironnarit, G.1    Ames, D.2    Bush, A.I.3
  • 13
    • 0019359566 scopus 로고
    • Association of postoperative delirium with raised serum levels of anticholinergic drugs
    • Tune LE, Damlouji NF, Holland A et al. Association of postoperative delirium with raised serum levels of anticholinergic drugs. Lancet 1981;2:651-653.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 651-653
    • Tune, L.E.1    Damlouji, N.F.2    Holland, A.3
  • 14
    • 0037315114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum anticholinergic activity in a community-based sample of older adults: Relationship with cognitive performance
    • Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Kirshner M et al. Serum anticholinergic activity in a community-based sample of older adults: Relationship with cognitive performance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:198-203.
    • (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 198-203
    • Mulsant, B.H.1    Pollock, B.G.2    Kirshner, M.3
  • 15
    • 53749091555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum anticholinergic activity and cerebral cholinergic dysfunction: An EEG study in frail elderly with and without delirium
    • Thomas C, Hestermann U, Kopitz J et al. Serum anticholinergic activity and cerebral cholinergic dysfunction: An EEG study in frail elderly with and without delirium. BMC Neurosci 2008;9:86.
    • (2008) BMC Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 86
    • Thomas, C.1    Hestermann, U.2    Kopitz, J.3
  • 16
    • 0025878943 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of serum anticholinergic activity to mental status performance in an elderly nursing home population
    • Tollefson GD, Montague-Clouse J, Lancaster SP. The relationship of serum anticholinergic activity to mental status performance in an elderly nursing home population. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1991;3:314-319.
    • (1991) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 314-319
    • Tollefson, G.D.1    Montague-Clouse, J.2    Lancaster, S.P.3
  • 17
    • 70349490787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic activity of commonly prescribed medications and neuropsychiatric adverse events in older people
    • Nishtala PS, Fois RA, McLachlan AJ et al. Anticholinergic activity of commonly prescribed medications and neuropsychiatric adverse events in older people. J Clin Pharmacol 2009;49: 1176-1184.
    • (2009) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 1176-1184
    • Nishtala, P.S.1    Fois, R.A.2    McLachlan, A.J.3
  • 18
    • 69549124151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flaws in the serum anticholinergic activity assay: Implications for the study of delirium
    • Cox EA, Kwatra SG, Shetty S et al. Flaws in the serum anticholinergic activity assay: Implications for the study of delirium. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:1707-1708.
    • (2009) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.57 , pp. 1707-1708
    • Cox, E.A.1    Kwatra, S.G.2    Shetty, S.3
  • 19
    • 34247547047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A drug burden index to define the functional burden of medications in older people
    • Hilmer SN, Mager DE, Simonsick EM et al. A drug burden index to define the functional burden of medications in older people. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:781-787.
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med , vol.167 , pp. 781-787
    • Hilmer, S.N.1    Mager, D.E.2    Simonsick, E.M.3
  • 20
    • 76149146403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact and recognition of cognitive impairment among hospitalized elders
    • Boustani M, Baker MS, Campbell N et al. Impact and recognition of cognitive impairment among hospitalized elders. J Hosp Med 2010;5:69-75.
    • (2010) J Hosp Med , vol.5 , pp. 69-75
    • Boustani, M.1    Baker, M.S.2    Campbell, N.3
  • 21
    • 84891663154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic drug burden in older people's brain - How well is it measured?
    • Kersten H, Wyller TB. Anticholinergic drug burden in older people's brain - how well is it measured? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014;114:151-159.
    • (2014) Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.114 , pp. 151-159
    • Kersten, H.1    Wyller, T.B.2
  • 22
    • 84873426914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS) scores are associated with peripheral but not cognitive markers of cholinergic blockade. Cross sectional data from 21 Norwegian nursing homes
    • Kersten H, Molden E, Willumsen T et al. Higher Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS) scores are associated with peripheral but not cognitive markers of cholinergic blockade. Cross sectional data from 21 Norwegian nursing homes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;75:842-849.
    • (2013) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 842-849
    • Kersten, H.1    Molden, E.2    Willumsen, T.3
  • 23
    • 84876274675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of anticholinergic burden with cognitive and functional status in a cohort of hospitalized elderly: Comparison of the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale and Anticholinergic Risk Scale: Results from the REPOSI study
    • Pasina L, Djade CD, Lucca U et al. Association of anticholinergic burden with cognitive and functional status in a cohort of hospitalized elderly: Comparison of the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale and Anticholinergic Risk Scale: Results from the REPOSI study. Drugs Aging 2013;30:103-112.
    • (2013) Drugs Aging , vol.30 , pp. 103-112
    • Pasina, L.1    Djade, C.D.2    Lucca, U.3
  • 24
    • 0033803794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic side-effects of drugs in elderly people
    • Mintzer J, Burns A. Anticholinergic side-effects of drugs in elderly people. J R Soc Med 2000;93: 457-462.
    • (2000) J R Soc Med , vol.93 , pp. 457-462
    • Mintzer, J.1    Burns, A.2
  • 25
    • 84898969821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term cognitive and functional effects of potentially inappropriate medications in older women
    • Koyama A, Steinman M, Ensrud K et al. Long-term cognitive and functional effects of potentially inappropriate medications in older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014;69A:423-429.
    • (2014) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.69 A , pp. 423-429
    • Koyama, A.1    Steinman, M.2    Ensrud, K.3
  • 26
    • 79960941923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic medication use and cognitive impairment in the older population: The medical research council cognitive function and ageing study
    • Fox C, Richardson K, Maidment ID et al. Anticholinergic medication use and cognitive impairment in the older population: The medical research council cognitive function and ageing study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:1477-1483.
    • (2011) J am Geriatr Soc , vol.59 , pp. 1477-1483
    • Fox, C.1    Richardson, K.2    Maidment, I.D.3
  • 27
    • 84890532577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of anticholinergic burden of medications in older adults
    • 2003
    • West T, Pruchnicki MC, Porter K et al. Evaluation of anticholinergic burden of medications in older adults. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2013;53:496- 504.
    • (2013) J am Pharm Assoc , vol.53 , pp. 496-504
    • West, T.1    Pruchnicki, M.C.2    Porter, K.3
  • 28
    • 84886498695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic component of the Drug Burden Index and the Anticholinergic Drug Scale as measures of anticholinergic exposure in older people in New Zealand: A populationlevel study
    • Narayan SW, Hilmer SN, Horsburgh S et al. Anticholinergic component of the Drug Burden Index and the Anticholinergic Drug Scale as measures of anticholinergic exposure in older people in New Zealand: A populationlevel study. Drugs Aging 2013;30:927-934.
    • (2013) Drugs Aging , vol.30 , pp. 927-934
    • Narayan, S.W.1    Hilmer, S.N.2    Horsburgh, S.3
  • 29
    • 67650966715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Burden Index and physical function in older Australian men
    • Gnjidic D, Cumming RG, Le Couteur DG et al. Drug Burden Index and physical function in older Australian men. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;68:97-105.
    • (2009) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 97-105
    • Gnjidic, D.1    Cumming, R.G.2    Le Couteur, D.G.3
  • 30
    • 79955982494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between Drug Burden Index and falls in older people in residential aged care
    • Wilson NM, Hilmer SN, March LM et al. Associations between Drug Burden Index and falls in older people in residential aged care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:875-880.
    • (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.59 , pp. 875-880
    • Wilson, N.M.1    Hilmer, S.N.2    March, L.M.3
  • 31
    • 0029351501 scopus 로고
    • A chronic disease score with empirically derived weights
    • Clark DO, Von Korff M, Saunders K et al. A chronic disease score with empirically derived weights. Med Care 1995;33:783-795.
    • (1995) Med Care , vol.33 , pp. 783-795
    • Clark, D.O.1    Von Korff, M.2    Saunders, K.3
  • 32
    • 84898473029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of high risk drug use on hospitalization and mortality in older people with and without Alzheimer's disease: A national population cohort study
    • Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Hartikainen S et al. Impact of high risk drug use on hospitalization and mortality in older people with and without Alzheimer's disease: A national population cohort study. PLoS ONE 2014;9: e83224.
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , pp. e83224
    • Gnjidic, D.1    Hilmer, S.N.2    Hartikainen, S.3
  • 33
    • 84860553840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Burden Index and hospitalization among community-dwelling older people
    • Lonnroos E, Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN et al. Drug Burden Index and hospitalization among community-dwelling older people. Drugs Aging 2012;29:395-404.
    • (2012) Drugs Aging , vol.29 , pp. 395-404
    • Lonnroos, E.1    Gnjidic, D.2    Hilmer, S.N.3
  • 34
    • 80052773815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between the Anticholinergic Risk Scale score and physical function: Potential implications for adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients
    • Lowry E, Woodman RJ, Soiza RL et al. Associations between the Anticholinergic Risk Scale score and physical function: Potential implications for adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2011;12:565-572.
    • (2011) J Am Med Dir Assoc , vol.12 , pp. 565-572
    • Lowry, E.1    Woodman, R.J.2    Soiza, R.L.3
  • 35
    • 79551554509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of anticholinergic drugs with hospitalization and mortality among older cardiovascular patients
    • Uusvaara J, Pitkala K, Kautiainen H et al. Association of anticholinergic drugs with hospitalization and mortality among older cardiovascular patients. Drugs Aging 2011;28:131-138.
    • (2011) Drugs Aging , vol.28 , pp. 131-138
    • Uusvaara, J.1    Pitkala, K.2    Kautiainen, H.3
  • 36
    • 39449115057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical and cognitive performance and burden of anticholinergics, sedatives, and ACE inhibitors in older women
    • Cao YJ, Mager DE, Simonsick EM et al. Physical and cognitive performance and burden of anticholinergics, sedatives, and ACE inhibitors in older women. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008;83:422-429.
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.83 , pp. 422-429
    • Cao, Y.J.1    Mager, D.E.2    Simonsick, E.M.3
  • 37
    • 0034795320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic effects of medication in elderly patients
    • Tune LE. Anticholinergic effects of medication in elderly patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl 21):11-14.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 11-14
    • Tune, L.E.1
  • 38
    • 0032792585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced cognitive impairment in the elderly
    • Moore AR, O'Keeffe ST. Drug-induced cognitive impairment in the elderly. Drugs Aging 1999;15:15-28.
    • (1999) Drugs Aging , vol.15 , pp. 15-28
    • Moore, A.R.1    O'Keeffe, S.T.2
  • 39
    • 84903814654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of Drug Burden Index with falls, general practitioner visits, and mortality in older people
    • Nishtala PS, Narayan SW, Wang T et al. Associations of Drug Burden Index with falls, general practitioner visits, and mortality in older people. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014;23:753-758.
    • (2014) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.23 , pp. 753-758
    • Nishtala, P.S.1    Narayan, S.W.2    Wang, T.3
  • 40
    • 84894050781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological challenges in determining longitudinal associations between anticholinergic drug use and incident cognitive decline
    • Kashyap M, Belleville S, Mulsant BH et al. Methodological challenges in determining longitudinal associations between anticholinergic drug use and incident cognitive decline. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62: 336-341.
    • (2014) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.62 , pp. 336-341
    • Kashyap, M.1    Belleville, S.2    Mulsant, B.H.3
  • 41
    • 67649342779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of medications with anticholinergic properties and cognitive function in a young-old community sample
    • Low LF, Anstey KJ, Sachdev P. Use of medications with anticholinergic properties and cognitive function in a young-old community sample. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;24:578-584.
    • (2009) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 578-584
    • Low, L.F.1    Anstey, K.J.2    Sachdev, P.3
  • 42
    • 84873628373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive effects of reducing anticholinergic drug burden in a frail elderly population: A randomized controlled trial
    • Kersten H, Molden E, Tolo IK et al. Cognitive effects of reducing anticholinergic drug burden in a frail elderly population: A randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013;68A:271-278.
    • (2013) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.68 A , pp. 271-278
    • Kersten, H.1    Molden, E.2    Tolo, I.K.3
  • 43
    • 84876938344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic drug use, serum anticholinergic activity, and adverse drug events among older people: A population-based study
    • Lampela P, Lavikainen P, Garcia-Horsman JA et al. Anticholinergic drug use, serum anticholinergic activity, and adverse drug events among older people: A population-based study. Drugs Aging 2013;30:321-330.
    • (2013) Drugs Aging , vol.30 , pp. 321-330
    • Lampela, P.1    Lavikainen, P.2    Garcia-Horsman, J.A.3
  • 44
    • 63549146266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in anticholinergic load from regular prescribed medications in palliative care as death approaches
    • Agar M, Currow D, Plummer J et al. Changes in anticholinergic load from regular prescribed medications in palliative care as death approaches. Palliat Med 2009;23:257-265.
    • (2009) Palliat Med , vol.23 , pp. 257-265
    • Agar, M.1    Currow, D.2    Plummer, J.3
  • 45
    • 68149126559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for preoperative and postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture
    • Juliebo V, Bjoro K, Krogseth M et al. Risk factors for preoperative and postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:1354-1361.
    • (2009) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.57 , pp. 1354-1361
    • Juliebo, V.1    Bjoro, K.2    Krogseth, M.3
  • 46
    • 84880040443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential benefits of reducing medication-related anticholinergic burden for demented older adults: A prospective cohort study
    • Yeh Y-C, Liu C-L, Peng L-N et al. Potential benefits of reducing medication-related anticholinergic burden for demented older adults: A prospective cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013;13:694-700.
    • (2013) Geriatr Gerontol Int , vol.13 , pp. 694-700
    • Yeh, Y.-C.1    Liu, C.-L.2    Peng, L.-N.3
  • 47
    • 79551714673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic drug use and mortality among residents of long-term care facilities: A prospective cohort study
    • Kumpula EK, Bell JS, Soini H et al. Anticholinergic drug use and mortality among residents of long-term care facilities: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Pharmacol 2011;51:256-263.
    • (2011) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.51 , pp. 256-263
    • Kumpula, E.K.1    Bell, J.S.2    Soini, H.3
  • 48
    • 79957877207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and demographic factors associated with antimuscarinic medication use in older hospitalized patients
    • Lowry E, Woodman RJ, Soiza RL et al. Clinical and demographic factors associated with antimuscarinic medication use in older hospitalized patients. Hosp Pract 2011;39: 30-36.
    • (2011) Hosp Pract , vol.39 , pp. 30-36
    • Lowry, E.1    Woodman, R.J.2    Soiza, R.L.3
  • 49
    • 84864588476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic drugs and functional outcomes in older patients undergoing orthopaedic rehabilitation
    • Koshoedo S, Soiza RL, Purkayastha R et al. Anticholinergic drugs and functional outcomes in older patients undergoing orthopaedic rehabilitation. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2012;10:251-257.
    • (2012) Am J Geriatr Pharmacother , vol.10 , pp. 251-257
    • Koshoedo, S.1    Soiza, R.L.2    Purkayastha, R.3
  • 50
    • 67349224750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of anticholinergic burden and relationship to a quality of life indicator, engagement in activities, in nursing home residents with dementia
    • Kolanowski A, Fick DM, Campbell J et al. A preliminary study of anticholinergic burden and relationship to a quality of life indicator, engagement in activities, in nursing home residents with dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2009;10:252-257.
    • (2009) J Am Med Dir Assoc , vol.10 , pp. 252-257
    • Kolanowski, A.1    Fick, D.M.2    Campbell, J.3
  • 51
    • 77954743487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of anticholinergics and the risk of cognitive impairment in an African American population
    • Campbell NL, Boustani MA, Lane KA et al. Use of anticholinergics and the risk of cognitive impairment in an African American population. Neurology 2010;75:152-159.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 152-159
    • Campbell, N.L.1    Boustani, M.A.2    Lane, K.A.3
  • 52
    • 81555220075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between prescribing of anticholinergic medications and incident delirium: A cohort study
    • Campbell N, Perkins A, Hui S et al. Association between prescribing of anticholinergic medications and incident delirium: A cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59(Suppl 2):S277-S281.
    • (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.59 , pp. S277-S281
    • Campbell, N.1    Perkins, A.2    Hui, S.3
  • 53
    • 80054896692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of anticholinergic burden in Alzheimer's dementia - The LASER-AD study
    • Fox C, Livingston G, Maidment ID et al. The impact of anticholinergic burden in Alzheimer's dementia - the LASER-AD study. Age Ageing 2011;40:730-735.
    • (2011) Age Ageing , vol.40 , pp. 730-735
    • Fox, C.1    Livingston, G.2    Maidment, I.D.3
  • 54
    • 84882449192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term anticholinergic use and the aging brain
    • Cai X, Campbell N, Khan B et al. Long-term anticholinergic use and the aging brain. Alzheimers Dement 2013;9: 377-385.
    • (2013) Alzheimers Dement , vol.9 , pp. 377-385
    • Cai, X.1    Campbell, N.2    Khan, B.3
  • 55
    • 84873988337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten-year trajectory of potentially inappropriate medications in very old women: Importance of cognitive status
    • Koyama A, Steinman M, Ensrud K et al. Ten-year trajectory of potentially inappropriate medications in very old women: Importance of cognitive status. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013;61:258-263.
    • (2013) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.61 , pp. 258-263
    • Koyama, A.1    Steinman, M.2    Ensrud, K.3
  • 56
    • 84878604907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive decline in older persons initiating anticholinergic medications
    • Shah RC, Janos AL, Kline JE et al. Cognitive decline in older persons initiating anticholinergic medications. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e64111.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e64111
    • Shah, R.C.1    Janos, A.L.2    Kline, J.E.3
  • 57
    • 84891371571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing cognitive effects of anticholinergic medications in patients with coronary artery disease
    • L Lanctôt K, O'Regan J, Schwartz Y et al. Assessing cognitive effects of anticholinergic medications in patients with coronary artery disease. Psychosomatics 2014;55:61-68.
    • (2014) Psychosomatics , vol.55 , pp. 61-68
    • Lanctôt, K.L.1    O'Regan, J.2    Schwartz, Y.3
  • 58
    • 84884658777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of anticholinergic drug exposure, serum anticholinergic activity, and all-cause postdischarge mortality in older hospitalized patients with hip fractures
    • Mangoni AA, van Munster BC, Woodman RJ et al. Measures of anticholinergic drug exposure, serum anticholinergic activity, and all-cause postdischarge mortality in older hospitalized patients with hip fractures. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013;21:785-793.
    • (2013) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 785-793
    • Mangoni, A.A.1    Van Munster, B.C.2    Woodman, R.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.