New Medications for Treatment of Obesity: Metabolic andCardiovascular Effects

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 142-152

  Pucci, Andrea ^a,b   Finer, Nicholas ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON HOSPITALS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE PLUS NALTREXONE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; LIRAGLUTIDE; LORCASERIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PHENTERMINE PLUS TOPIRAMATE; ANTIOBESITY AGENT;

ALOPECIA; ATTENTION DISTURBANCE; BLURRED VISION; CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT; CONSTIPATION; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DIZZINESS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RELEASE; DRUG SAFETY; DYSGEUSIA; EUROPE; FOLLOW UP; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HEADACHE; HUMAN; HYPOKALEMIA; INSOMNIA; META ANALYSIS; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; MIGRAINE; NAUSEA; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; OBESITY; PANCREATITIS; PARESTHESIA; PHARMACEUTICAL CARE; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SOMNOLENCE; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; UNITED STATES; UPPER ABDOMINAL PAIN; VOMITING; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WEIGHT REDUCTION; XEROSTOMIA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMPLICATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X;

ANTI-OBESITY AGENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HUMANS; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 84924933736     PISSN: 0828282X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.11.010     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Ng M., Fleming T., Robinson M., et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014, 384:766-781.
2. Whitlock G., Lewington S., Sherliker P., et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet 2009, 373:1083-1096.
3. Lim S.S., Vos T., Flaxman A.D., et al. Acomparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012, 380:2224-2260.
4. Charakida M., Khan T., Johnson W., et al. Lifelong patterns of BMI and cardiovascular phenotype in individuals aged 60-64 years in the 1946 British birth cohort study: an epidemiological study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014, 2:648-654.
5. Grieve E., Fenwick E., Yang H.C., Lean M. The disproportionate economic burden associated with severe and complicated obesity: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2013, 14:883-894.
6. Finer N. Low-calorie diets and sustained weight loss. Obes Res 2001, 9(suppl 4):290S-294S.
7. Lean M., Brosnahan N., McLoone P., et al. Feasibility and indicative results from a 12-month low-energy liquid diet treatment and maintenance programme for severe obesity. Br J Gen Pract 2013, 63:e115-e124.
8. Loveman E., Frampton G.K., Shepherd J., et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of long-term weight management schemes for adults: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2011, 15:1-182.
9. Saris W.H. Very-low-calorie diets and sustained weight loss. Obes Res 2001, 9(suppl 4):295S-301S.
10. Anderson J.W., Konz E.C., Frederich R.C., Wood C.L. Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 74:579-584.
11. Li G., Zhang P., Wang J., et al. Cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and diabetes incidence after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance in the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 23-year follow-up study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014, 2:474-480.
12. Kashyap S.R., Bhatt D.L., Wolski K., et al. Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in patients with moderate obesity and type 2 diabetes: analysis of a randomized control trial comparing surgery with intensive medical treatment. Diabetes Care 2013, 36:2175-2182.
13. Sjostrom L., Narbro K., Sjostrom C.D., et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. NEngl J Med 2007, 357:741-752.
14. Sjostrom L., Peltonen M., Jacobson P., et al. Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events. JAMA 2012, 307:56-65.
15. Gloy V.L., Briel M., Bhatt D.L., et al. Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2013, 347:f5934.
16. Hutter M.M., Schirmer B.D., Jones D.B., et al. First report from the American College of Surgeons Bariatric Surgery Center Network: laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has morbidity and effectiveness positioned between the band and the bypass. Ann Surg 2011, 254:410-420. discussion 20-2.
17. Karmali S., Brar B., Shi X., et al. Weight recidivism post-bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Obes Surg 2013, 23:1922-1933.
18. Lau D.C., Douketis J.D., Morrison K.M., et al. 2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children. CMAJ 2007, 176:S1-13.
19. Isbell J.M., Tamboli R.A., Hansen E.N., et al. The importance of caloric restriction in the early improvements in insulin sensitivity after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Diabetes Care 2010, 33:1438-1442.
20. Drolet B., Simard C., Poirier P. Impact of weight-loss medications on the cardiovascular system: focus on current and future anti-obesity drugs. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2007, 7:273-288.
21. Wing R.R., Bolin P., Brancati F.L., et al. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. NEngl J Med 2013, 369:145-154.
22. Wee C.C., Hamel M.B., Apovian C.M., et al. Expectations for weight loss and willingness to accept risk among patients seeking weight loss surgery. JAMA Surg 2013, 148:264-271.
23. Fabricatore A.N., Wadden T.A., Womble L.G., et al. The role of patients' expectations and goals in the behavioral and pharmacological treatment of obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007, 31:1739-1745.
24. Doyle S., Lloyd A., Birt J., et al. Willingness to pay for obesity pharmacotherapy. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012, 20:2019-2026.
25. Brown A, Brown I. Patients' experiences of prescribed anti-obesity drugs and perceptions of support from primary care: a qualitative study. Available at: . Accessed July 7,2014. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online%26aid=7831300%26fileId=S1463423610000083.
26. Dunkley A.J., Charles K., Gray L.J., et al. Effectiveness of interventions for reducing diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in people with metabolic syndrome: systematic review and mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012, 14:616-625.
27. European Medicines Agency. Committee For Medicinal Products For Human Use (CHMP). Guideline on clinical evaluation of medicinal products used in weight control, November 2007. Available at . Accessed September 3,2014. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003264.pdf.
28. Colman E. Food and Drug Administration's obesity drug guidance document: a short history. Circulation 2012, 125:2156-2164.
29. James W.P., Caterson I.D., Coutinho W., et al. Effect of sibutramine on cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese subjects. NEngl J Med 2010, 363:905-917.
30. Pournaras D.J., Aasheim E.T., Bueter M., et al. Effect of bypassing the proximal gut on gut hormones involved with glycemic control and weight loss. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2012, 8:371-374.
31. Caterson I.D., Finer N., Coutinho W., et al. Maintained intentional weight loss reduces cardiovascular outcomes: results from the Sibutramine Cardiovascular OUTcomes (SCOUT) trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012, 14:523-530.
32. Seimon R.V., Espinoza D., Ivers L., et al. Changes in body weight and blood pressure: paradoxical outcome events in overweight and obese subjects with cardiovascular disease. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014, 38:1165-1171.
33. Rodgers R.J., Tschop M.H., Wilding J.P. Anti-obesity drugs: past, present and future. Dis Model Mech 2012, 5:621-626.
34. Dirksen C., Jorgensen N.B., Bojsen-Moller K.N., et al. Mechanisms of improved glycaemic control after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Diabetologia 2012, 55:1890-1901.
35. Hampp C., Kang E.M., Borders-Hemphill V. Use of prescription antiobesity drugs in the United States. Pharmacotherapy 2013, 33:1299-1307.
36. Hirsch F.F., Pareja J.C., Geloneze S.R., et al. Comparison of metabolic effects of surgical-induced massive weight loss in patients with long-term remission versus non-remission of type 2 diabetes. Obes Surg 2012, 22:910-917.
37. Astrup A., Rossner S., Finer N., Van Gaal L. Obesity in Europe-does anybody care?. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013, 14:971-973.
38. Tsai A.G., Wadden T.A. Systematic review: an evaluation of major commercial weight loss programs in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2005, 142:56-66.
39. Douketis J.D., Macie C., Thabane L., Williamson D.F. Systematic review of long-term weight loss studies in obese adults: clinical significance and applicability to clinical practice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005, 29:1153-1167.
40. Yanovski S.Z., Yanovski J.A. Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review. JAMA 2014, 311:74-86.
41. Moroshko I., Brennan L., O'Brien P. Predictors of attrition in bariatric aftercare: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Surg 2012, 22:1640-1647.
42. Hoyt C.L., Burnette J.L., Auster-Gussman L. "Obesity is a disease": examining the self-regulatory impact of this public-health message. Psychol Sci 2014, 25:997-1002.
43. Smith S.R., O'Neil P.M., Astrup A., et al. Early weight loss while on lorcaserin, diet, and exercise as a predictor of week 52 weight-loss outcomes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014, 22:2137-2146.
44. Sisley S., Gutierrez-Aguilar R., Scott M., et al. Neuronal GLP1R mediates liraglutide's anorectic but not glucose-lowering effect. JClin Invest 2014, 124:2456-2463.
45. Fiorella D., Helsley S., Lorrain D.S., Rabin R.A., Winter J.C. The role of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the stimulus effects of hallucinogenic drugs. III: the mechanistic basis for supersensitivity to the LSD stimulus following serotonin depletion. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1995, 121:364-372.
46. Smith S.R., Weissman N.J., Anderson C.M., et al. Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management. NEngl J Med 2010, 363:245-256.
47. O'Neil P.M., Smith S.R., Weissman N.J., et al. Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the BLOOM-DM study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012, 20:1426-1436.
48. Fidler M.C., Sanchez M., Raether B., et al. Aone-year randomized trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in obese and overweight adults:the BLOSSOM trial. JClin Endocrinol Metab 2011, 96:3067-3077.
49. Torgerson J.S., Hauptman J., Boldrin M.N., Sjostrom L. XENical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:155-161.
50. Allison D.B., Gadde K.M., Garvey W.T., et al. Controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in severely obese adults: a randomized controlled trial (EQUIP). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012, 20:330-342.
51. Gadde K.M., Allison D.B., Ryan D.H., et al. Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER):a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2011, 377:1341-1352.
52. Greenway F.L., Fujioka K., Plodkowski R.A., et al. Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2010, 376:595-605.
53. Apovian C.M., Aronne L., Rubino D., et al. Arandomized, phase 3 trial of naltrexone SR/bupropion SR on weight and obesity-related risk factors (COR-II). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013, 21:935-943.
54. Wadden T.A., Foreyt J.P., Foster G.D., et al. Weight loss with naltrexone SR/bupropion SR combination therapy as an adjunct to behavior modification: the COR-BMOD trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011, 19:110-120.
55. Hollander P., Gupta A.K., Plodkowski R., et al. Effects of naltrexone sustained-release/bupropion sustained-release combination therapy on body weight and glycemic parameters in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013, 36:4022-4029.
56. Astrup A., Carraro R., Finer N., et al. Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012, 36:843-854.
57. Wadden T.A., Hollander P., Klein S., et al. Weight maintenance and additional weight loss with liraglutide after low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss: The SCALE Maintenance randomized study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013, 37:1443-1451.
58. Novo Nordisk. Press release. Phase 3a data from largest trial with liraglutide 3 mg demonstrated significantly greater weight loss versus placebo for adults with obesity. Available at: . Accessed July 29,2014. http://www.novonordisk.com/include/asp/exe_news_attachment.asp?sAttachmentGUID=20525a92-b397-4b81-866d-42aae458100f.
59. Chan E.W., He Y., Chui C.S., et al. Efficacy and safety of lorcaserin in obese adults: a meta-analysis of 1-year randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and narrative review on short-term RCTs. Obes Rev 2013, 14:383-392.
60. Novo Nordisk. Press release. New phase 3a liraglutide 3 mg data showed positive impact on cardiovascular risk markers and fewer people progressing to prediabetes compared with placebo in adults with obesity. Available at: . Accessed July 29,2014. http://www.novonordisk.com/include/asp/exe_news_attachment.asp?sAttachmentGUID=7bfc8e14-21ef-4104-8782-a106be319479.
61. Weissman N.J., Sanchez M., Koch G.G., et al. Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac valvular regurgitation with lorcaserin from analysis of 3 phase 3 clinical trials. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013, 6:560-567.
62. Johannessen H., Kodama Y., Zhao C.M., et al. Eating behavior and glucagon-like peptide-1-producing cells in interposed ileum and pancreatic islets in rats subjected to ileal interposition associated with sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2013, 23:39-49.
63. Patriti A., Aisa M.C., Annetti C., et al. How the hindgut can cure type 2 diabetes. Ileal transposition improves glucose metabolism and beta-cell function in Goto-kakizaki rats through an enhanced Proglucagon gene expression and L-cell number. Surgery 2007, 142:74-85.
64. Rothman R.B., Baumann M.H., Dersch C.M., et al. Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. Synapse 2001, 39:32-41.
65. Ryan D.H., Bray G.A. Pharmacologic treatment options for obesity: what is old is new again. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013, 15:182-189.
66. Astrup A., Toubro S. Topiramate: a new potential pharmacological treatment for obesity. Obes Res 2004, 12(suppl):167S-173S.
67. Sugrue M.F. Pharmacological and ocular hypotensive properties of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Prog Retin Eye Res 2000, 19:87-112.
68. Turenius C.I., Htut M.M., Prodon D.A., et al. GABA(A) receptors in the lateral hypothalamus as mediators of satiety and body weight regulation. Brain Res 2009, 1262:16-24.
69. Astrup A., Caterson I., Zelissen P., et al. Topiramate: long-term maintenance of weight loss induced by a low-calorie diet in obese subjects. Obes Res 2004, 12:1658-1669.
70. Sommer B.R., Mitchell E.L., Wroolie T.E. Topiramate: effects on cognition in patients with epilepsy, migraine headache and obesity. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2013, 6:211-227.
71. Nathan P.J., O'Neill B.V., Napolitano A., Bullmore E.T. Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of centrally acting antiobesity drugs. CNS Neurosci Ther 2011, 17:490-505.
72. Garvey W.T., Ryan D.H., Look M., et al. Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012, 95:297-308.
73. Brownell K. The Learn Program for Weight Management 2000, American Health Publishing Co, Euless, TX.
74. Jordan J., Astrup A., Day W. Cardiovascular safety of phentermine alone. Cardiovascular safety of phentermine alone and in combination with topiramate. Obesity Facts 2012, 5(suppl 1):204.
75. Jordan J., Astrup A.V., Day W.W. Effects of phentermine and extended-release topiramate alone and in combination on cardiovascular risk factors. Poster 697. Diabetalogia 2012, 55(suppl 1):S285.
76. Jordan J., Astrup A., Engeli S., et al. Cardiovascular effects of phentermine and topiramate: a new drug combination for the treatment of obesity. JHypertens 2014, 32:1178-1188.
77. Jorgensen N.B., Jacobsen S.H., Dirksen C., et al. Acute and long-term effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes and normal glucose tolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabl 2012, 303:E122-E131.
78. Davidson M., Bowden C.H., Day W.W. Weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction over 2 years with controlled-release phentermine- topiramate. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011, 57:E545.
79. Aubin H.J., Lebargy F., Berlin I., et al. Efficacy of bupropion and predictors of successful outcome in a sample of French smokers: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Addiction 2004, 99:1206-1218.
80. Gadde K.M., Zhang W., Foust M.S. Bupropion treatment of olanzapine-associated weight gain: an open-label, prospective trial. JClin Psychopharmacol 2006, 26:409-413.
81. Anderson J.W., Greenway F.L., Fujioka K., et al. Bupropion SR enhances weight loss: a 48-week double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. Obes Res 2002, 10:633-641.
82. Malcolm R., O'Neil P.M., Sexauer J.D., et al. Acontrolled trial of naltrexone in obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 1985, 9:347-353.
83. Hyman B.T., Eslinger P.J., Damasio A.R. Effect of naltrexone on senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. JNeurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985, 48:1169-1171.
84. Greenway F.L., Whitehouse M.J., Guttadauria M., et al. Rational design of a combination medication for the treatment of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009, 17:30-39.
85. Orexigen. Press release. Orexigen announces successful interim analysis of Contrave light study. Available at: . Accessed July 21,2014. http://ir.orexigen.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=207034%26p=irol-newsArticle%26ID=1879629%26highlight.
86. Lovshin J.A., Drucker D.J. Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009, 5:262-269.
87. Vilsboll T., Christensen M., Junker A.E., Knop F.K., Gluud L.L. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2012, 344:d7771.
88. Holst J.J. Incretin hormones and the satiation signal. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013, 37:1161-1168.
89. Malm-Erjefalt M., Bjornsdottir I., Vanggaard J., et al. Metabolism and excretion of the once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in healthy male subjects and its invitro degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and neutral endopeptidase. Drug Metab Dispos 2010, 38:1944-1953.
90. Astrup A., Rossner S., Van Gaal L., et al. Effects of liraglutide in the treatment of obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2009, 374:1606-1616.
91. Salinari S., Bertuzzi A., Asnaghi S., et al. First-phase insulin secretion restoration and differential response to glucose load depending on the route of administration in type 2 diabetic subjects after bariatric surgery. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:375-380.
92. Kim S.H., Abbasi F., Lamendola C., et al. Benefits of liraglutide treatment in overweight and obese older individuals with prediabetes. Diabetes Care 2013, 36:3276-3282.
93. Marso S.P., Poulter N.R., Nissen S.E., et al. Design of the liraglutide effect and action in diabetes: evaluation of cardiovascular outcome results (LEADER) trial. Am Heart J 2013, 166:823-830.e5.
94. Lean M.E., Carraro R., Finer N., et al. Tolerability of nausea and vomiting, and associations with weight loss, in a randomized trial of liraglutide in obese, non-diabetic adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013, 38:689-697.
95. Ussher J.R., Drucker D.J. Cardiovascular biology of the incretin system. Endocr Rev 2012, 33:187-215.
96. Butler P.C., Elashoff M., Elashoff R., Gale E.A. Acritical analysis of the clinical use of incretin-based therapies: are the GLP-1 therapies safe?. Diabetes Care 2013, 36:2118-2125.
97. Cohen D. Has pancreatic damage from glucagon suppressing diabetes drugs been underplayed?. BMJ 2013, 346:f3680.
98. Perathoner A., Weiss H., Santner W., et al. Vagal nerve dissection during pouch formation in laparoscopic Roux-Y-gastric bypass for technical simplification: does it matter?. Obes Surg 2009, 19:412-417.