Patents and cumulative innovation: Causal evidence from the courts

Quarterly Journal of Economics

Volumn 130, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 317-369

  Galasso, Alberto ^a   Schankerman, Mark ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC GROWTH; INNOVATION; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS; SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84924678313     PISSN: 00335533     EISSN: 15314650     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/qje/qju029     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Acemoglu, Daron, "Diversity and Technological Progress," in The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern, eds. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012).
2. Acemoglu, Daron, and Ufuk Akcigit, "Intellectual Property Rights Policy, Competition and Innovation," Journal of the European Economic Association, 10 (2012), 1-42.
3. Aghion, Philippe, and Peter Howitt, "A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction," Econometrica, 60 (1992), 323-351.
4. Aghion, Philippe, Peter Howitt, and Susanne Prantl, "Patent Rights, Product Market Reforms, and Innovation," NBER Working Paper 18854, 2013.
5. Angrist, Joshua, Guido Imbens, and Alan Krueger, "Jackknife Instrumental Variables Estimation," Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14 (1999), 57-67.
6. Azoulay, Pierre, Joshua Graff Zivin, and Jialan Wang, "Superstar Extinction," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125 (2012), 549-589.
7. Bessen, James, and Eric Maskin, "Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation," RAND Journal of Economics, 40 (2009), 611-635.
8. Bloom, Nick, Mark Schankerman, and John Van Reenen, "Identifying Technology Spillovers and Product Market Rivalry," Econometrica, 81 (2013), 1347-1393.
9. Bolton, Patrick, and Joseph Farrell, "Decentralization, Duplication and Delay," Journal of Political Economy, 98 (1990), 803-826.
10. Budish, Eric, Benjamin Roin, and Heidi Williams, "Do Fixed Patent Terms Distort Innovation? Evidence from Cancer Clinical Trials," NBER Working Paper 19430, 2014.
11. Carneiro, Pedro, James Heckman, and Edward Vytlacil, "Evaluating Marginal Policy Changes and the Average Effect of Treatment for Individuals at the Margin," Econometrica, 78 (2010), 377-394.
12. Cohen, Wesley, Richard Nelson, and John Walsh, "Protecting Their Intellectual Assets: Appropriability Conditions and Why U.S. Manufacturing Firms Patent (or Not)," NBER Working Paper 7552, 2000.
13. Conti Annamaria, Jerry Thursby, and Marie Thursby, "Patents as Signals for Startup Financing," Journal of Industrial Economics, 22 (2013), 592-622.
14. Crawford, Vincent, and Hans Haller, "Learning How to Cooperate," Econometrica, 58 (1990), 571-595.
15. Cremer, Jacques, and Richard McLean, "Optimal Selling Strategies under Uncertainty for a Discriminating Monopolist When Demands Are Interdependent," Econometrica, 53 (1985), 345-361.
16. Dahl, Gordon, Andreas Kostol, and Magne Mogstad, "Family Welfare Cultures," NBER Working Paper 1937, 2013.
17. Di Tella, Rafael, and Ernesto Schargrodsky, "Criminal Recidivism after Prison and Electronic Monitoring," Journal of Political Economy, 121 (2013), 28-73.
18. Dobbie, Will, and Jae Song, "Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection," Working Paper 2013.
19. Doyle, Joseph, "Child Protection and Child Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Forster Care," American Economic Review, 97 (2007), 1583-1610.
20. Doyle, Joseph, "Child Protection and Adult Crime: Using Investigator Assignment to Estimate Causal Effects of Foster Care," Journal of Political Economy, 116 (2008), 746-770.
21. Feddersen, Timothy, and Wolfgang Pesendorfer, "The Swing Voter Curse," American Economic Review, 86 (1996), 408-424.
22. Federal Trade Commission, The Evolving IP Marketplace: Aligning Patent Notice and Remedies with Competition (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2011).
23. Finkelstein, Amy, "Static and Dynamic Effects of Health Policy: Evidence from the Vaccine Industry," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119 (2004), 527-564.
24. Fisher, Timo, and Joachim Henkel, "Patent Trolls on Markets for Technology-An Empirical Analysis of NPEs' Patent Acquisitions," Research Policy, 41 (2012), 1519-1533.
25. Furman, Jeffrey, and Scott Stern, "Climbing atop the Shoulders of Giants: The Impact of Institutions on Cumulative Research," American Economic Review, 101 (2011), 1933-1963.
26. Galasso, Alberto, "Broad Cross-License Negotiations," Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 21 (2012), 873-911.
27. Galasso, Alberto, and Mark Schankerman, "Patent Thickets, Courts and the Market for Innovation," RAND Journal of Economics, 41 (2010), 472-503.
28. Galasso, Alberto, Mark Schankerman, and Carlos Serrano, "Trading and Enforcing Patent Rights," RAND Journal of Economics, 44 (2013), 275-312.
29. Green, Jerry, and Suzanne Scotchmer, "On the Division of Profit in Sequential Innovation," RAND Journal of Economics, 26 (1995), 20-33.
30. Griliches, Zvi, "The Search for R&D Spillovers," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 94 (1992), 29-47.
31. Grossman, Gene, and Elhanan Helpman Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991).
32. Hall, Bronwyn, Adam Jaffe, and Manuel Tratjenberg, "The NBER Patent Citation Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools," NBER Working Paper 8498, 2001.
33. Heller, Mark, and Rebecca Eisenberg, "Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research," Science, 280 (1998), 698-701.
34. Henry, Matthew, and John Turner, "The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit's Impact on Patent Litigation," Journal of Legal Studies, 35 (2006), 85-117.
35. Hopenhayn, Hugo, Gerard Llobet, and Matthew Mitchell, "Rewarding Sequential Innovators: Prizes, Patents and Buyouts," Journal of Political Economy, 114 (2006), 1041-1068.
36. Kitch, Edmund, "The Nature and Function of the Patent System," Journal of Law and Economics, 20 (1977), 265-290.
37. Kling, Jeffrey, "Incarceration Length, Employment and Earnings," American Economic Review, 96 (2006), 863-876.
38. Koo, Bonwoo, and Brian Wright, "Dynamic Effect of Patent Policy on Sequential Innovation," Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 19 (2010), 489-512.
39. Lampe, Ryan, "Strategic Citation," Review of Economics and Statistics, 94 (2012), 320-333.
40. Lanjouw, Jean, and Mark Schankerman, "Characteristics of Patent Litigation: A Window on Competition," RAND Journal of Economics, 32 (2001), 129-151.
41. Lanjouw, Jean, "Protecting Intellectual Property Rights: Are Small Firms Handicapped?," Journal of Law and Economics, 47 (2004), 45-74.
42. Lanjouw, Jean, "Patent Quality and Research Productivity: Measuring Innovation with Multiple Indicators," Economic Journal, 114 (2004), 441-465.
43. Lemley, Mark, and Carl Shapiro, "Patent Hold-Up and Royalty Stacking," Texas Law Review, 85 (2007), 1991-2049.
44. Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole, "Efficient Patent Pools," American Economic Review, 94 (2004), 691-711.
45. Levin, Richard, Alvin Kievorick, Richard Nelson, and Sidney Winter, "Appropriating the Returns from Industrial R&D," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3 (1987), 783-820.
46. Li, Danielle, "Expertise vs. Bias in Evaluation: Evidence from the NIH," Northwestern University Working Paper, 2012.
47. Maestas, Nicole, Kathleen Mullen, and Alexander Strand, "Does Disability Insurance Receipt Discourage Work? Using Examiner Assignment to Estimate Causal Effects of SSDI Receipt," American Economic Review, 103 (2013), 1797-1829.
48. Mokyr, Joel, The Gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002).
49. Moser, Petra, "How Do Patent Laws Influence Innovation? Evidence from Nineteenth-Century World's Fairs," American Economic Review, 95 (2005), 1214-1236.
50. Moser, Petra, and Paul Rhode, "Did Plant Patents Create the American Rose?," NBER Working Paper 16983, 2011.
51. Murray, Fiona, and Scott Stern, "Do Formal Intellectual Property Rights Hinder the Free Flow of Scientific Knowledge? An Empirical Test of the Anticommons Hypothesis," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 63 (2007), 648-687.
52. Murray, Fiona, Philippe Aghion, Mathias Dewatrapont, Julian Kolev, and Scott Stern, "Of Mice and Academics: The Role of Openness in Science," MIT Sloan Working Paper, 2008.
53. Rivers, Douglas, and Quang Vuong, "Limited Information Estimators and Exogeneity Tests for Simultaneous Probit Model," Journal of Econometrics, 39 (1998), 347-365.
54. Rosenberg, Nathan, Perspectives on Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).
55. Schankerman, Mark, and Ariel Pakes, "Estimates of the Value of Patent Rights in European Countries during the Post-1950 Period," Economic Journal, 96 (1986), 1052-1076.
56. Serrano, Carlos, "The Dynamics of the Transfer and Renewal of Patents," RAND Journal of Economics, 41 (2010), 686-708.
57. Stock, James, and Motohiro Yogo, "Testing for Weak Instruments in Linear IV Regressions," in Identification and inference for econometric models: Essays in honor of Thomas Rothenberg, Andrews Donald, Stock James, and Rothenberg Thomas, eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
58. Williams, Heidi, "Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome," Journal of Political Economy, 121 (2013), 1-27.
59. Wooldridge, Jeffrey, Econometric Analysis of Cross-Section and Panel Data (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002).
60. Ziedonis, Rosemarie, "Don't Fence Me In: Fragmented Markets for Technology and the Patent Acquisition Strategies of Firms," Management Science, 50 (2004), 804-820.