EIN2 and EIN3 in Ethylene Signalling

The Plant Hormone Ethylene

Volumn 44, Issue , 2012, Pages 169-187

  Cho, Young Hee ^a   Lee, Sangho ^a   Yoo, Sang Dong ^a  

^a Sungkyunkwan University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2); ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3); Ethylene response factors (ERFs); Ethylene signalling; Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades; Protein stability

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924404631     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118223086.ch7     Document Type: Chapter

References (59)

1. Abeles, F.B., Morgan, P.W. and Saltveit, M.E. (1992) Ethylene in Plant Biology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
2. Alonso, J.M., Hirayama, T., Roman, G., et al. (1999) EIN2, a bifunctional transducer of ethylene and stress responses in Arabidopsis. Science 284, 2148-2152.
3. Alonso, J.M. and Stepanova, A.N. (2004) The ethylene signaling pathway. Science 306, 1513-1515.
4. Alonso, J.M., Stepanova, A.N., Solano, R., et al. (2003) Five components of the ethyleneresponse pathway identified in a screen for weak ethylene-insensitive mutants in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy Science of the United States of America 100, 2992-2997.
5. An, F., Zhao, Q., Ji, Y., et al. (2010) Ethylene induced stabilization of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and EIN3-Like1 is mediated by proteasomal degradation of EIN3 Binding F-Box1 and 2 that requires EIN2 in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 22, 2384-2401.
6. Arnold, K., Bordoli, L., Kopp, J., et al. (2006) The SWISS-MODEL Workspace: a webbased environment for protein structure homology modeling. Bioinformatics 22, 195-201.
7. Berrocal-Lobo, M., Molina, A. and Solano, R. (2002) Constitutive expression of ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 in Arabidopsis confers resistance to several necrotrophic fungi. Plant Journal 29, 23-32.
8. Binder, B.M.,Walker, J.M., Gagne, J.M., et al. (2007) The Arabidopsis EIN3 binding F-Box proteins EBF1 and EBF2 have distinct but overlapping roles in ethylene signaling. Plant Cell 19, 509-523.
9. Bisson, M.M.A., Bleckmann, A., Allekotte, S., et al. (2009) EIN2, the central regulator of ethylene signaling, is localized at the ER membrane where it interacts with the ethylene receptor ETR1. Biochemical Journal 424, 1-6.
10. Bisson, M.M.A. and Groth, G. (2010) New insight in ethylene signaling: autokinase activity of ETR1 modulates the interaction of receptors and EIN2. Molecular Plant 3, 882-889.
11. Bleecker, A.B. and Kende, H. (2000) Ethylene: a gaseous signal molecule in plants. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 16, 1-18.
12. Bleecker, A.B., Estelle, M.A. and Somerville, C. (1988) Insensitive to ethylene conferred by a dominant mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Science 241, 1086-1089.
13. Chang, C., Kwok, S.F., Bleecker, A.B., et al. (1993) Arabidopsis ethylene response gene ETR1: similarity of product to two component regulators. Science 262, 539-544.
14. Chao, Q., Rothenberg, M., Solano, R., et al. (1997) Activation of the ethylene gas response pathway in Arabidopsis by the nuclear protein Ethylene-Insensitive3 and related proteins. Cell 89, 1133-1144.
15. Chen, H., Xue, L., Chintamanani, S., et al. (2009) ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 repress SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 expression to negatively regulate plant innate immunity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 21, 2527-2540.
16. Cho, Y.H. and Yoo, S.D. (2009) Emerging complexity of ethylene signal transduction. Journal of Plant Biology 52, 283-288.
17. Christians, M.J., Robles, L.M., Zeller, S.M., et al. (2008) The eer5 mutation, which affects a novel proteasome-related subunit, indicates a prominent role for the COP9 signalosome in resetting the ethylene-signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Plant Journal 55, 467-477.
18. Clark, K.L., Larsen, P.B., Wang, X., et al. (1998) Association of the Arabidopsis CTR1 raf-like kinase with the ETR1 and ERS ethylene receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy Science of the United States of America 95, 5401-5406.
19. Colcombet, J. and Hirt, H. (2008) Arabidopsis MAPKs: a complex signalling network involved in multiple biological processes. Biochemical Journal 413, 217-226.
20. Dong, C.H., Rivarola, M., Resnick, J.S., et al. (2008) Subcellular co-localization of Arabidopsis RTE1 and ETR1 supports a regulatory role for RTE1 in ETR1 ethylene signaling. Plant Journal 53, 275-286.
21. Dong, C.H., Jang, M., Scharein, B., et al. (2010) Molecular association of the Arabidopsis ETR1 ethylene receptor and a regulator of ethylene signaling, RTE1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, 40706-40713.
22. Fujimoto, S.Y., Ohta, M., Usui, A., et al. (2000) Arabidopsis ethylene-responsive element binding factors act as transcriptional activators or repressors of GCC boxmediated gene expression. Plant Cell 12, 393-404.
23. Gagne, J.M., Smalle, J., Gingerich, D.J., et al. (2004) Arabidopsis EIN3-binding F-box 1 and 2 form ubiquitin-protein ligases that repress ethylene action and promote growth by directing EIN3 degradation. Proceedings of the National Academy Science of the United States of America 101, 6803-6808.
24. Gregory, B.D., O'Malley, R.C., Lister, R., et al. (2008) A link between RNA metabolism and silencing affecting Arabidopsis development. Developmental Cell 14, 854-866.
25. Guo, H. and Ecker, J.R. (2003) Plant responses to ethylene gas are mediated by SCFEBF1/EBF2-dependent proteolysis of EIN3 transcription factor. Cell 115, 667-677.
26. Guo, H. and Ecker, J.R. (2004) The ethylene signaling pathway: new insights. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 7, 40-49.
27. Hattori, Y., Nagai, K., Furukawa, S., et al. (2009) The ethylene response factors SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 allow rice to adapt to deep water. Nature 460, 1026-1030.
28. Hua, J. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1998) Ethylene responses are negatively regulated by a receptor gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell 94, 261-271.
29. Hua, J., Chang, C., Sun, Q., et al. (1995) Ethylene sensitivity conferred by Arabidopsis ERS gene. Science 269, 1712-1714.
30. Hua, J., Sakai, H., Nourizadeh, S., et al. (1998) EIN4 and ERS2 are members of the putative ethylene receptor family in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 10, 1321-1332.
31. Huang, Y., Li, H., Hutchison, C.E., et al. (2003) Biochemical and functional analysis of CTR1, a protein kinase that negatively regulates ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Journal 33, 221-233.
32. Huang, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., et al. (2004) Tomato TERF1 modulates ethylene response and enhances osmotic stress tolerance by activating expression of downstream genes. FEBS Letters 573, 110-106.
33. Kieber, J.J., Rothenberg, M., Roman, G., et al. (1993) CTR1, a negative regulator of the ethylene response pathway in Arabidopsis, encodes a member of the Raf family of protein kinases. Cell 72, 427-441.
34. Konishi, M. and Yanagisawa, S. (2008) Arabidopsis ethylene signaling involves feedback regulation via the elaborate control of EBF2 expression by EIN3. Plant Journal 55, 821-831.
35. Lee, J.H., Hong, J.P., Oh, S.K., et al. (2004) The ethylene-responsive factor like protein 1 (CaERFLP1) of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) interacts in vitrowith both GCC and DRE/CRT sequences with different binding affinities: possible biological roles of CaERFLP1 in response to pathogen infection and high salinity conditions in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Molecular Biology 55, 61-81.
36. León, P. and Sheen, J. (2003) Sugar and hormone connections. Trends in Plant Science 8, 110-116.
37. Lorenzo, O., Piqueras, R., Sánchez-Serrano, J.J., et al. (2003) ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 integrates signals from ethylene and jasmonate pathways in plant defense. Plant Cell 15, 165-178.
38. McGrath, K.C., Dombrecht, B., Manners, J.M., et al. (2005) Repressor- and activatortype ethylene response factors functioning in jasmonate signaling and disease resistance identified via a genome-wide screen of Arabidopsis transcription factor gene expression. Plant Physiology 139, 949-959.
39. Ohme-Takagi, M. and Shinshi, H. (1995) Ethylene-inducible DNA binding proteins that interact with an ethylene-responsive element. Plant Cell 7, 173-182.
40. Olmedo, G., Guo, H., Gregory, B.D., et al. (2006) ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE5 encodes a 5'->3' exoribonuclease required for regulation of the EIN3-targeting F-box proteins EBF1/2. Proceedings of the National Academy Science of the United States of America 103, 13286-13293.
41. Ouaked, F., Rozhon, W., Lecourieux, D., et al. (2003) A MAPK pathway mediates ethylene signaling in plants. EMBO Journal 22, 1282-1288.
42. Potuschak, T., Lechner, E., Parmentier, Y., et al. (2003) EIN3-dependent regulation of plant ethylene hormone signaling by two Arabidopsis F box proteins: EBF1 and EBF2. Cell 115, 679-689.
43. Potuschak, T., Vansiri, A., Binder, B.M., et al. (2006) The exoribonuclease XRN4 is a component of the ethylene response pathway in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 18, 3047-3057.
44. Qiao, H., Chang, K.N., Yazaki, J., et al. (2009) Interplay between ethylene, ETP1/ETP2 F-box proteins, and degradation of EIN2 triggers ethylene responses in Arabidopsis. Genes and Development 23, 512-521.
45. Resnick, J.S.,Wen, C.K., Shockey, J.A., et al. (2006) REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1, a conserved gene that regulates ethylene receptor function in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy Science of the United States of America 103, 7917-7922.
46. Sakai, H.M., Hua, J., Chen, Q.G., et al. (1998) ETR2 is an ETR1-like gene involved in ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy Science of the United States of America 95, 5812-5817.
47. Schaller, G.E. and Kieber, J.J. (2002) Ethylene.. In: Somerville, C. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (eds.) The Arabidopsis Book. American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, MD. DOI/101199/tab.0071.
48. Solano, R., Stepanova, A., Chao, Q., et al. (1998) Nuclear events in ethylene signaling: a transcriptional cascade mediated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITVE3 and ETHYLENERESPONSE-FACTOR1. Genes and Development 12, 3703-3714.
49. Wang, K., Li, H. and Ecker, J. (2002) Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks. Plant Cell (Suppl.), S131-151.
50. Wei, N., Serino, G. and Deng,X.W. (2008) TheCOP9signalosome:more than a protease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 33, 592-600.
51. Xu, J. Li, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2008) Activation of MAPK kinase9 induces ethylene and camalexin biosynthesis and enhances sensitivity to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, 26996-27006.
52. Xu, Z.S., Xia, L.Q., Chen, M., et al. (2007) Isolation and molecular characterization of the Triticum aestivum L. ethylene-responsive factor 1 (TaERF1) that increases multiple stress tolerance. Plant Molecular Biology 65, 719-732.
53. Yamasaki, K., Kigawa, T., Inoue, M., et al. (2005) Solution structure of the major DNA-binding domain of Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene-insensitive3-like3. Journal of Molecular Biology 348, 253-264.
54. Yanagisawa, S., Yoo, S.D. and Sheen, J. (2003) Differential regulation of EIN3 stability by glucose and ethylene signalling in plants. Nature 425, 521-525.
55. Yang, S.,Wang, S., Liu, X., et al. (2009) Four divergent Arabidopsis ethylene-responsive element-binding factor domains bind to a target DNA motif with a universal CG step core recognition and different flanking bases preference. FEBS Letters 276, 7177-7186.
56. Yoo, S.D., Cho, Y.H. and Sheen, J. (2007) A versatile experimental cell system, Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplasts. Nature Protocols 2, 1565-1572.
57. Yoo, S.D., Cho, Y.H. and Sheen, J. (2009) Emerging connections in the ethylene signaling network. Trends in Plant Science 14, 270-279.
58. Yoo, S.D., Cho, Y.H., Tena, G. et al. (2008) Dual control of nuclear EIN3 by bifurcated MAPK cascades in C2H4 signalling. Nature 451, 789-795.
59. Zhou, X., Liu, Q., Xie, F., et al. (2007) RTE1 is a Golgi-associated and ETR1-dependent negative regulator of ethylene responses. Plant Physiology 145, 75-86.