Dominant Forms of Conflict in Changing Political Systems

International Studies Quarterly

Volumn 59, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 158-171

  Choi, Hyun Jin ^a   Raleigh, Clionadh ^b  

^a Kyung Hee University   (South Korea)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GOVERNANCE APPROACH; POLITICAL CHANGE; POLITICAL CONFLICT; POLITICAL PARTICIPATION; POLITICAL SYSTEM; VIOLENCE;

EID: 84924283780     PISSN: 00208833     EISSN: 14682478     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/isqu.12157     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Arriola, Leonardo, and Chelsea Johnson . (2012) Electoral Violence in Democratizing States. Under Review.
2. Beck, Nathaniel, Jonathan N. Katz, and Richard Tucker . (1998) Taking Time Seriously: Time-Series-Cross-Section Analysis With a Binary Dependent Variable. American Journal of Political Science 42: 1260-1288.
3. Bollen, Kenneth A., and Robert Jackman . (1989) Democracy, Stability, and Dichotomies. American Sociological Review 54: 612-621.
4. Boone, Catherine. (1998) State Building in the African Countryside: Structure and Process at the Grassroots. Journal of Development Studies 34: 1-31.
5. Brancati, Dawn. (2007) Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism? International Organization 60: 651-685.
6. Branch, Daniel, and Nic Cheeseman . (2008) Democratization, Sequencing and State Failure in Africa: Lessons From Kenya. African Affairs 108: 13-30.
7. Bratton, Michael, and Eric C. Chang . (2006) State Building and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Forwards, Backwards, or Together? Comparative Political Studies 39: 1059-1083.
8. Bratton, Michael, and N. Van de Walle . (1997) Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
9. Bush, Ray. (2010) Food Riots: Poverty, Power and Protest. Journal of Agrarian Change 10: 119-129.
10. Carey, Sabine C., Neil J. Mitchell, and Will Lowe . (2013) States, the Security Sector, and the Monopoly of Violence: A New Database on Pro-Government Militias. Journal of Peace Research 50: 249-258.
11. Cederman, Lars-Erik, Andreas Wimmer, and Brian Min . (2010) Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel? New Data and Analysis. World Politics 62: 87-119.
12. Cederman, Lars-Erik, Nils B. Weidmann, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch . (2011) Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison. American Political Science Review 105: 478-495.
13. Chabal, Patrick. (2005) Power in Africa Reconsidered. In The African Exception, edited by Ulf Engel and Gorm Rye Olsen . London: Ashgate.
14. Chabal, Patrick, and Jean-Pascal Daloz . (1999) Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
15. Cheibub, José Antonio, Jennifer Gandhi, and James Raymond Vreeland . (2010) Democracy and Dictatorship Revisited. Public Choice 143: 67-101.
16. Davenport, Christian. (1995) Multi-Dimensional Threat Perception and State Repression: An Inquiry Into Why States Apply Negative Sanctions. American Journal of Political Science 39: 683-713.
17. Davenport, Christian. (2007) State Repression and Political Order. Annual Review of Political Science 10: 1-23.
18. Eisinger, Peter K. (1973) The Conditions of Protest Behavior in American Cities. American Political Science Review 67: 11-28.
19. Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. Available at http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/calendar.htm. (Accessed March 10, 2013.)
20. Emirbayer, Mustafa, and Chad Alan Goldberg . (2005) Pragmatism, Bourdieu, and Collective Emotions in Contentious Politics. Theory and Society 34: 469-518.
21. Engel, Ulf, and Andreas Mehler . (2005) Under Construction: Governance in Africa's New Violent Social Spaces. In The African Exception, edited by Ulf Engel and Gorm Rye Olsen . London: Ashgate.
22. Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin . (2003) Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War. American Political Science Review 97: 75-90.
23. Gamson, William. (1992) Talking Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
24. Gandhi, Jennifer, and Ellen Lust-Okar . (2009) Elections Under Authoritarianism. Annual Review of Political Science 12: 403-422.
25. Gates, Scott, Håvard Hegre, Mark P. Jones, and Håvard Strand . (2006) Institutional Inconsistency and Political Instability: Polity Duration, 1800-2000. American Journal of Political Science 50: 893-908.
26. Geddes, Barbara. (1999) What Do We Know About Democratization After 20 Years? Annual Review of Political Science 2: 115-144.
27. Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, and Andrea Ruggeri . (2010) Political Opportunity Structures, Democracy, and Civil War. Journal of Peace Research 47: 299-310.
28. Gleditsch, Kristian S., and Michael D. Ward . (1997) Double Take: A Reexamination of Democracy and Autocracy in Modern Polities. Journal of Conflict Resolution 41: 361-383.
29. Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Peter Wallensteen, Mikael Eriksson, Margareta Sollenberg, and Håvard Strand . (2002) Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 39: 615-637.
30. Goodwin, Jeff, and Theda Skocpol . (1989) Explaining Revolutions in the Contemporary Third World. Politics & Society 17: 489-509.
31. Gurr, Ted Robert. (1993) Why Minorities Rebel: A Global Analysis of Communal Mobilization and Conflict Since 1945. International Political Science Review 14: 161-201.
32. Gurr, Ted Robert. (2000) Peoples Versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century. Washington: United States Institute of Peace Press.
33. Hamit, Francis. (2012) The Enemy Within: Security Threats from Domestic Militia Groups. Frazier Park, California: Brass Cannon Books.
34. Hegre, Håvard, Tanja Ellingsen, Scott Gates, and Nils Petter Gleditsch . (2001) Toward a Democratic Civil Peace? Democracy, Political Change, and Civil War, 1816-1992. American Political Science Review 95: 33-48.
35. Herbst, Jeffrey. (2000) States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
36. Horowitz, Donald L. (2001) The Deadly Ethnic Riot. Berkeley: University of California Press.
37. Huntington, Samuel P. (1991) The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
38. Kalyvas, Stathis. (2003) The Ontology of Political Violence: Action and Identity in Civil Wars. Perspective on Politics 1: 475-494.
39. Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi . (2010) The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5430.
40. King, Gary, Michael Tomz, and Jason Wittenberg . (2000) Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation. American Journal of Political Science 44: 341-355.
41. Krain, Matthew, and Marissa Edson Myers . (1997) Democracy and Civil War: A Note on the Democratic Peace Proposition. International Interactions 23: 109-118.
42. Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan Way . (2002) The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy 13: 51-65.
43. Li, Quan. (2005) Does Democracy Promote or Reduce Transnational Terrorist Incidents? Journal of Conflict Resolution 49: 278-297.
44. Lichbach, Mark Irving. (1995) The Rebel's Dilemma. Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press.
45. Lijphart, Arend. (1977) Democracy in Plural Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press.
46. Long, Scott. (1997) Regression Models and Categorial and Limited Dependent Variables. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
47. Marshall, Monty G., and Keith Jaggers . (2011) Polity IV Dataset and Users' Manual: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2010. Available at http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/inscr.htm. (Accessed January 20, 2013.)
48. Marshall, Monty G., and Ted Robert Gurr . (2003) Peace and Conflict 2003: A Global Survey of Armed Conflicts, Self-Determination Movements, and Democracy. College Park: Center for International Development & Conflict Management.
49. Meyer, David D. (2004) Protest and Political Opportunities. Annual Review of Sociology 30: 125-145.
50. Montalvo, José G., and Marta Reynal-Querol . (2005) Ethnic Polarization, Potential Conflict, and Civil Wars. American Economic Review 95: 796-816.
51. Mueller, Susanne D. (2008) The Political Economy of Kenya's Crisis. Journal of Eastern African Studies 2: 185-210.
52. Muller, Edward N. (1985) Income Inequality, Regime Repressiveness, and Political Violence. American Sociological Review 50: 47-61.
53. National Democratic Institute. Liberia Election Watch Reports. Available at http://www.ndi.org/Liberia_Election_Watch_2005. (Accessed July 26, 2013.)
54. Przeworski, Adam. (1991) Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
55. Purdey, Jemma. (2006) Anti-Chinese Violence in Indonesia, 1996-1999. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
56. Raleigh, Clionadh. (2013) Africa's Changing Conflicts: Militia Ascendency & Political Violence. Under Review.
57. Raleigh, Clionadh, Andrew Linke, Håvard Hegre, and Joakim Karlsen . (2010) Introducing ACLED: An Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset: Special Data Feature. Journal of Peace Research 47: 651-660.
58. Regan, Patrick M., and Sam R. Bell . (2010) Changing Lanes or Stuck in the Middle: Why Are Anocracies More Prone to Civil Wars? Political Research Quarterly 63: 747-759.
59. Reno, William. (1998) Warlord Politics and African States. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
60. Reynal-Querol, Marta. (2002) Ethnicity, Political Systems, and Civil Wars. Journal of Conflict Resolution 46: 29-54.
61. Sahin, Yossi, and Juan J. Linz . (1995) Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transitions. New York: Cambridge University Press.
62. Sambanis, Nicholas. (2001) Do Ethnic and Nonethnic Civil Wars Have the Same Causes?: A Theoretical and Empirical Inquiry (Part 1). Journal of Conflict Resolution 45: 259-282.
63. Sambanis, Nicholas. (2004) What Is a Civil War? Journal of Conflict Resolution 48: 814-858.
64. Sandler, Todd, John T. Tschirhart, and Jon Cauley . (1983) A Theoretical Analysis of Transnational Terrorism. American Political Science Review 77: 36-54.
65. Schedler, Andreas. (2006) The Logic of Electoral Authoritarianism. In Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition, edited by Andreas Schedler . Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
66. Small, Kenneth, and Cheng Hsiao . (1985) Multinomial Logit Specification Tests. Internaitonal Economic Review 26: 619-627.
67. Tarrow, Sidney. (1989) Democracy and Disorder: Protest and Politics in Italy, 1965-1975. Oxford: Clarendon.
68. Tarrow, Sidney. (1994) Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
69. Tilly, Charles. (1978) From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
70. Tilly, Charles, and Sidney Tarrow . (2007) Contentious Politics. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers.
71. Tullock, Gordon. (1971) The Paradox of Revolution. Public Choice 11: 89-99.
72. Vreeland, James Raymond. (2008) The Effect of Political Regime on Civil War: Unpacking Anocracy. Journal of Conflict Resolution 52: 401-425.
73. Wilkinson, Steven I. (2004) Votes and Violence: Ethnic Competition and Ethnic Riots in India. New York: Cambridge University Press.
74. Wilkinson, Steven I. (2009) Riots. Annual Review of Political Science 12: 329-343.
75. Wilson, Sven E., and Daniel M. Butler . (2007) A Lot More to Do: The Sensitivity of Time-Series Cross-Section Analyses to Simple Alternative Specifications. Political Analysis 15: 101-123.
76. Wimmer, Andreas. (1997) Who Owns the State? Understanding Ethnic Conflict in Postcolonial Societies. Nations and Nationalism 3: 631-665.
77. Wimmer, Andreas. (2002) Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict: Shadows of Modernity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
78. Wimmer, Andreas, Lars-Erik Cederman, and Brian Min . (2009) Ethnic Politics and Armed Conflict: A Configurational Analysis of a New Global Data Set. American Sociological Review 74: 316-337.
79. World Bank. (2013) World Development Indicators. Washington, DC. Available at http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators. (Accessed March 7, 2013.)
80. Zakaria, Fareed. (1997) The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. Foreign Affairs 76: 22-43.