Clinico-pathological factors influencing lymph node yield in colorectal cancer and impact on survival: Analysis of new zealand cancer registry data

Journal of Surgical Oncology

Volumn 111, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 451-458

  Ahmadi, Omid ^a,b   Stringer, Mark D ^b   Black, Michael A ^b   McCall, John L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Colon cancer; Prognosis; Rectal cancer

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER REGISTRY; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; FEMALE; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE RATIO; LYMPH NODE YIELD; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; NEW ZEALAND; ONCOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; VERY ELDERLY; ADENOCARCINOMA; AGE; COLORECTAL TUMOR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LYMPH NODE DISSECTION; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MORTALITY; PATHOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; REGISTER; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADENOCARCINOMA; AGE FACTORS; AGED; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; LYMPH NODE EXCISION; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MALE; NEW ZEALAND; PROGNOSIS; REGISTRIES; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 84923675393     PISSN: 00224790     EISSN: 10969098     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jso.23848     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, et al.: GLOBOCAN2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11. 2013 [cited 25/02/2014]. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr/Default.aspx.
2. Ministry of Health. Cancer: New registrations and deaths 2009. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2012. p. xiii.
3. Dukes CE: The classification of cancer of the rectum. J Pathol Bacteriol 1932; 35: 323-732.
4. Gonsalves WI, Kanuri S, Tashi T, et al.: Clinicopathologic factors associated with lymph node retrieval in resectable colon cancer: A Veterans' Affairs Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) database analysis. J Surg Oncol 2011; 104: 667-671.
5. Fielding LP, Arsenault PA, Chapuis PH, et al.: Clinicopathological staging for colorectal cancer: an International Documentation System (IDS) and an International Comprehensive Anatomical Terminology (ICAT). J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1991; 6: 325-344.
6. Scott KW, Grace RH: Detection of lymph node metastases in colorectal carcinoma before and after fat clearance. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 1165-1167.
7. Wright FC, Law CH, Berry S, et al.: Clinically important aspects of lymph node assessment in colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2009; 99: 248-255.
8. Compton CC, Fielding LP, Burgart LJ, et al.: Prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000; 124: 979-994.
9. McGory ML, Shekelle PG: Ko CY.: Development of quality indicators for patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98: 1623-1633.
10. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al.: AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer 2010.
11. Nelson H, Petrelli N, Carlin A, et al.: Guidelines 2000 for colon and rectal cancer surgery. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 583-896.
12. Onitilo AA, Stankowski RV, Engel JM, et al.: Adequate lymph node recovery improves survival in colorectal cancer patients. J Surg Oncol 2013; 107: 828-834.
13. Chou JF, Row D, Gonen M, et al.: Clinical and pathologic factors that predict lymph node yield from surgical specimens in colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Cancer 2010; 116: 2560-2570.
14. Baxter NN, Ricciardi R, Simunovic M, et al.: An evaluation of the relationship between lymph node number and staging in pT3 colon cancer using population-based data. Dis Colon Rectum 2010; 53: 65-70.
15. Vather R, Sammour T, Kahokehr A, et al.: Lymph node evaluation and long-term survival in Stage II and Stage III colon cancer: a national study. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16: 585-593.
16. McDonald JR, Renehan AG, O'Dwyer ST, et al.: Lymph node harvest in colon and rectal cancer: Current considerations. World J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 4: 9-19.
17. Chang GJ, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Skibber JM, et al.: Lymph node evaluation and survival after curative resection of colon cancer: systematic review. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99: 433-441.
18. Chin CC, Wang JY, Yeh CY, et al.: Metastatic lymph node ratio is a more precise predictor of prognosis than number of lymph node metastases in stage III colon cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2009; 24: 1297-1302.
19. Chen HH, Chakravarty KD, Wang JY, et al.: Pathological examination of 12 regional lymph nodes and long-term survival in stages I-III colon cancer patients: an analysis of 2,056 consecutive patients in two branches of same institution. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25: 1333-1341.
20. Chen SL, Steele SR, Eberhardt J, et al.: Lymph node ratio as a quality and prognostic indicator in stage III colon cancer. Ann Surg 2011; 253: 82-87.
21. Hong KD, Lee SI, Moon HY: Lymph node ratio as determined by the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system predicts survival in stage III colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 103: 406-410.
22. Willaert W, Mareel M, Van De Putte D, et al. Lymphatic spread, nodal count and the extent of lymphadenectomy in cancer of the colon. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40: 405-413.
23. Ministry of Health New Zealand. New Zealand Cancer Registry (NZCR). 2013 19/07/2013 [cited 6/05/2014; Available from: http://www.health.govt.nz/nz-health-statistics/national-collections-andsurveys/collections/new-zealand-cancer-registry-nzcr.
24. Ministry of Health New Zealand. Mortality Collection (MORT). 2013 24/06/2013 [cited 06/05/2014; Available from: http://www.health.govt.nz/nz-health-statistics/national-collections-and-surveys/collections/mortality-collection.
25. Wang L, Hollenbeak CS, Stewart DB: Node yield and node involvement in young colon cancer patients: is there a difference in cancersurvivalbasedonage?.JGastrointestSurg2010; 14: 1355-1361.
26. Steele SR, Chen SL, Stojadinovic A, et al.: The impact of age on quality measure adherence in colon cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2011; 213: 95-103.
27. Patel SS, Nelson R, Sanchez J, et al.: Elderly patients with colon cancer have unique tumor characteristics and poor survival. Cancer 2013; 119: 739-747.
28. Ahmadi O, Stringer MD, Black MA, et al.: Influence of age and site of disease on lymph node yield in colorectal cancer. NZMJ 2014; 127: 31-40.
29. Ahmadi O, McCall JL, Stringer MD: Does senescence affect lymph node number and morphology? A systematic review. ANZ J Surg 2013; 83: 612-618.
30. Baxter NN, Virnig DJ, Rothenberger DA, et al.: Lymph node evaluation in colorectal cancer patients: a population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 219-225.
31. Guidoboni M, Gafa R, Viel A, et al.: Microsatellite instability and high content of activated cytotoxic lymphocytes identify colon cancer patients with a favorable prognosis. Am J Pathol 2001; 159: 297-304.
32. Vilar E, Gruber SB: Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancerthe stable evidence. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010; 7: 153-162.
33. Belt EJ, te Velde EA, Krijgsman O, et al.: High lymph node yield is related to microsatellite instability in colon cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 1222-1230.
34. Gervaz P, Bucher P, Morel P: Two colons-two cancers: paradigm shift and clinical implications. J Surg Oncol 2004; 88: 261-266.
35. Goldstein NS: Lymph node recoveries from 2427 pT3 colorectal resection specimens spanning 45 years: recommendations for a minimum number of recovered lymph nodes based on predictive probabilities. Am J Surg Pathol 2002; 26: 179-189.
36. Parsons HM, Tuttle TM, Kuntz KM, et al.: Association between lymph node evaluation for colon cancer and node positivity over the past 20 years. JAMA 2011; 306: 1089-1097.
37. Morris EJ, Maughan NJ, Forman D, et al.: Identifying stage III colorectal cancer patients: the influence of the patient, surgeon, and pathologist. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 2573-2579.
38. Paulson EC, Wirtalla C, Armstrong K, et al.: Gender influences treatment and survival in colorectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2009; 52: 1982-1991.
39. Cone MM, Shoop KM, Rea JD, et al.: Ethnicity influences lymph node resection in colon cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14: 1752-1757.
40. Awwad GE, Tou SI, Rieger NA: Prognosticsignificaneoflymphnode yieldafterlongcoursepreoperativeradiotherapyinpatientswithrectal cancer: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 2013; 15: 394-403.
41. Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, Klein Kranenbarg, et al.: No downstaging after short-term preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 1976-1984.
42. Kim YW, Kim NK, Min BS, et al.: The prognostic impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2009; 100: 1-7.
43. Persiani R, Biondi A, Gambacorta MA, et al.: Prognostic implications of the lymph node count after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2014; 101: 133-142.
44. Kotake K, Honjo S, Sugihara K, et al.: Number of lymph nodes retrieved is an important determinant of survival of patients with stage II and stage III colorectal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012; 42: 29-35.
45. Moore J, Hyman N, Callas P, et al.: Staging error does not explain the relationship between the number of lymph nodes in a colon cancer specimen and survival. Surgery 2010; 147: 358-365.
46. George S, Primrose J, Talbot R, et al.: Will Rogers revisited: Prospective observational study of survival of 3592 patients with colorectal cancer according to number of nodes examined by pathologists. Br J Cancer 2006; 95: 841-547.
47. Johnson PM, Porter GA, Ricciardi R, et al.: Increasing negative lymph node count is independently associated with improved longterm survival in stage IIIB and IIIC colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 3570-3575.
48. Sloothaak DA, Grewal S, Doornewaard H, et al.: Lymph node size as a predictor of lymphatic staging in colonic cancer. Br J Surg 2014; 101: 701-706.
49. Perez RO, Seid VE, Bresciani EH, et al.: Distribution of lymph nodes in the mesorectum: How deep is TME necessary?. Tech Coloproctol 2008; 12: 39-43.
50. Miscusi G, di Gioia CR, Patrizi G, et al.: Anatomical lymph node mapping in normal mesorectal adipose tissue. Dis Colon Rectum 2010; 53: 1640-1644.
51. Thakur S, Somashekar U, Chandrakar SK, et al.: Anatomic study of distribution, numbers, and size of lymph nodes in mesorectum in Indians: a autopsy study. Int J Surg Pathol 2011; 19: 315-320.
52. Pirro N, Pignodel C, Cathala P, et al.: The number of lymph nodes is correlated with mesorectal morphometry. Surg Radiol Anat 2008; 30: 297-302.
53. Canessa CE, Badia F, Fierro S, et al.: Anatomic study of the lymph nodes of the mesorectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44: 1333-1336.