Developments in conducting polymer based counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells - An overview

European Polymer Journal

Volumn 66, Issue , 2015, Pages 207-227

  Saranya, K ^a   Rameez, Md ^a   Subramania, A ^a  

^a PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Conducting polymer; Counter electrode; Cyclic voltammetry; Dye sensitized solar cell; Photovoltaic performance; Polyaniline

Indexed keywords

CHRONOAMPEROMETRY; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS; ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODES; PLATINUM; POLYANILINE; REDOX REACTIONS; SOLAR POWER GENERATION;

COUNTER ELECTRODE MATERIALS; COUNTER ELECTRODES; ELECTRON TRANSFER AGENTS; EVALUATION METHODS; METHODS AND MATERIALS; PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE; PSEUDO-CAPACITIVE MATERIALS; TAFEL POLARIZATION;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84923374270     PISSN: 00143057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.049     Document Type: Review

References (189)

1. R.E. Smalley Future global energy prosperity: the terawatt challenge MRS Bull 30 06 2005 412 417
2. N. Armaroli, and V. Balzani The future of energy supply: challenges and opportunities Angew Chem Int Ed 46 1-2 2007 52 66
3. M.A. Green Third generation photovoltaics: advanced solar energy conversion 2006 Springer
4. R.L. Greene, G.B. Street, and L.J. Suter Superconductivity in polysulfur nitride (SN)X Phys Rev Lett 34 10 1975 577 579
5. H. Shirakawa, E.J. Louis, A.G. MacDiarmid, C.K. Chiang, and A.J. Heeger Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 16 1977 578 580
6. W.P. Su, J.R. Schrieffer, and A.J. Heeger Soliton excitations in polyacetylene Phys Rev B 22 4 1980 2099 2111
7. D. Emin, and T. Holstein Adiabatic theory of an electron in a deformable continuum Phys Rev Lett 36 6 1976 323 326
8. K. Lota, V. Khomenko, and E. Frackowiak Capacitance properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carbon nanotubes composites J Phys Chem Solids 65 2-3 2004 295 301
9. R.J. Waltman, and J. Bargon Electrically conducting polymers: a review of the electropolymerization reaction, of the effects of chemical structure on polymer film properties, and of applications towards technology Canadian J Chem 64 1 1986 76 95
10. M. Mastragostino, C. Arbizzani, and F. Soavi Polymer-based supercapacitors J Power Sources 97-98 2001 812 815
11. J.J.M. Halls, C.A. Walsh, N.C. Greenham, E.A. Marseglia, R.H. Friend, and S.C. Moratti Efficient photodiodes from interpenetrating polymer networks Nature 376 6540 1995 498 500
12. A. Kraft, A.C. Grimsdale, and A.B. Holmes Electroluminescent conjugated polymers - seeing polymers in a new light Angew Chem Int Ed 37 4 1998 402 428
13. A.R. Hepburn, J.M. Marshall, and J.M. Maud Novel electrochromic films via anodic oxidation of carbazolyl substituted polysiloxanes Synth Metals 43 1-2 1991 2935 2938
14. J.C. Dubois, O. Sagnes, and F. Henry Polyheterocyclic conducting polymers and composites derivates Synth Metals 28 1-2 1989 871 878
15. J. Roncali Conjugated poly(thiophenes): synthesis, functionalization, and applications Chem Rev 92 4 1992 711 738
16. B. Adhikari, and S. Majumdar Polymers in sensor applications Progr Polym Sci 29 7 2004 699 766
17. A. Burke Ultracapacitors: why, how, and where is the technology J Power Sources 91 1 2000 37 50
18. G. Sonmez, H. Meng, Q. Zhang, and F. Wudl A highly stable, new electrochromic polymer: poly(1,4-bis(2-(3′,4′-ethylenedioxy) thienyl)-2-methoxy-5-2″-ethylhexyloxybenzene) Adv Funct Mater 13 9 2003 726 731
19. T.K. Das, and S. Prusty Review on conducting polymers and their applications Polym-Plast Technol Eng 51 14 2012 1487 1500
20. S.E. Shaheen, C.J. Brabec, N.S. Sariciftci, F. Padinger, T. Fromherz, and J.C. Hummelen 2.5% Efficient organic plastic solar cells Appl Phys Lett 78 6 2001 841 843
21. R.W.T. Higgins, N.A. Zaidi, and A.P. Monkman Emeraldine base polyaniline as an alternative to poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as a hole-transporting layer Adv Funct Mater 11 6 2001 407 412
22. L. Bay, K. West, B. Winther-Jensen, and T. Jacobsen Electrochemical reaction rates in a dye-sensitised solar cell - the iodide/tri-iodide redox system Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 90 3 2006 341 351
23. A.-E. Becquerel Mémoire sur les effets électriques produits sous l'influence des rayons solaires Comptes Rendus 9 567 1839 1839
24. M. Grätzel Recent advances in sensitized mesoscopic solar cells Acc Chem Res 42 11 2009 1788 1798
25. R. Argazzi, N.Y. Murakami Iha, H. Zabri, F. Odobel, and C.A. Bignozzi Design of molecular dyes for application in photoelectrochemical and electrochromic devices based on nanocrystalline metal oxide semiconductors Coord Chem Rev 248 13-14 2004 1299 1316
26. A. Hagfeldt, and M. Graetzel Light-induced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems Chem Rev 95 1 1995 49 68
27. M.K. Nazeeruddin, S.M. Zakeeruddin, J.J. Lagref, P. Liska, P. Comte, and C. Barolo Stepwise assembly of amphiphilic ruthenium sensitizers and their applications in dye-sensitized solar cell Coord Chem Rev 248 13-14 2004 1317 1328
28. A.S. Polo, M.K. Itokazu, and N.Y. Murakami Iha Metal complex sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells Coord Chem Rev 248 13-14 2004 1343 1361
29. G.J. Meyer Molecular approaches to solar energy conversion with coordination compounds anchored to semiconductor surfaces Inorg Chem 44 20 2005 6852 6864
30. N. Robertson Optimizing dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells Angew Chem (International ed in English) 45 15 2006 2338 2345
31. L. Giribabu, R.K. Kanaparthi, and V. Velkannan Molecular engineering of sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell applications Chem Record (New York, NY) 12 3 2012 306 328
32. T.W. Hamann, R.A. Jensen, A.B.F. Martinson, H. Van Ryswyk, and J.T. Hupp Advancing beyond current generation dye-sensitized solar cells Energy Environ Sci 1 1 2008 66 78
33. T. Toyoda, T. Sano, J. Nakajima, S. Doi, S. Fukumoto, and A. Ito Outdoor performance of large scale DSC modules J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 164 1-3 2004 203 207
34. M. Berginc, U. Opara Krašovec, M. Jankovec, and M. Topič The effect of temperature on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on a propyl-methyl-imidazolium iodide electrolyte Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 91 9 2007 821 828
35. 2 films Nature 353 6346 1991 737 740
36. S. Mathew, A. Yella, P. Gao, R. Humphry-Baker, F.E. CurchodBasile, and N. Ashari-Astani Dye-sensitized solar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers Nat Chem 6 3 2014 242 247
37. F. Odobel, L.c. Le Pleux, Y. Pellegrin, and E. Blart New photovoltaic devices based on the sensitization of p-type semiconductors: challenges and opportunities Acc Chem Res 43 8 2010 1063 1071
38. J. Wu, Z. Lan, S. Hao, P. Li, J. Lin, and M. Huang Progress on the electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells Pure Appl Chem 80 11 2008 2241 2258
39. M. Gratzel Photoelectrochemical cells Nature 414 6861 2001 338 344
40. E. Olsen, G. Hagen, and S. Eric Lindquist Dissolution of platinum in methoxy propionitrile containing LiI/I2 Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 63 3 2000 267 273
41. T.N. Murakami, and M. Grätzel Counter electrodes for DSC: application of functional materials as catalysts Inorg Chim Acta 361 3 2008 572 580
42. G.H. Hsiue, R.H. Lee, and R.J. Jeng Lithium polymer battery with high energy density Macromol Symp 156 2000 171 178
43. S. Neves, and C. Polo Fonseca Influence of template synthesis on the performance of polyaniline cathodes J Power Sources 107 1 2002 13 17
44. H. Karami, M.F. Mousavi, and M. Shamsipur A new design for dry polyaniline rechargeable batteries J Power Sources 117 1-2 2003 255 259
45. S. Neves, and C.P. Fonseca Mixed solid device based on conducting polymer composite and polymer electrolyte J Brazil Chem Soc 15 3 2004 395 399
46. V. Branzoi, F. Branzoi, and L. Pilan Electrochemical fabrication and capacitance of composite films of carbon nanotubes and polyaniline Surf Interface Anal 42 6-7 2010 1266 1270
47. J. Zhang, D. Shan, and S. Mu A rechargeable Zn-poly(aniline-co-m-aminophenol) battery J Power Sources 161 1 2006 685 691
48. K.S. Ryu, Y.-G. Lee, K.M. Kim, Y.J. Park, Y.-S. Hong, and X. Wu Electrochemical capacitor with chemically polymerized conducting polymer based on activated carbon as hybrid electrodes Synth Metals 153 1-3 2005 89 92
49. V. Khomenko, E. Frackowiak, and F. Béguin Determination of the specific capacitance of conducting polymer/nanotubes composite electrodes using different cell configurations Electrochim Acta 50 12 2005 2499 2506
50. B.S. Rathore Optical and electrical properties of swift heavy ion beam-irradiated polycarbonate/polystyrene bilayer films Radiat Eff Defect S 169 9 2014 767 778
51. P.J. Kulesza, M. Skunik, B. Baranowska, K. Miecznikowski, M. Chojak, and K. Karnicka Fabrication of network films of conducting polymer-linked polyoxometallate-stabilized carbon nanostructures Electrochim Acta 51 11 2006 2373 2379
52. P. Gómez-Romero, M. Chojak, K. Cuentas-Gallegos, J.A. Asensio, P.J. Kulesza, and N. Casañ-Pastor Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite materials for application in solid state electrochemical supercapacitors Electrochem Commun 5 2 2003 149 153
53. H. Talbi, P.E. Just, and L.H. Dao Electropolymerization of aniline on carbonized polyacrylonitrile aerogel electrodes: applications for supercapacitors J Appl Electrochem 33 6 2003 465 473
54. S.R. Sivakkumar, and R. Saraswathi Performance evaluation of poly(N-methylaniline) and polyisothianaphthene in charge-storage devices J Power Sources 137 2 2004 322 328
55. 2) for cathode material in rechargeable battery Mater Lett 57 9-10 2003 1642 1648
56. Q. Li, J. Wu, Q. Tang, Z. Lan, P. Li, and J. Lin Application of microporous polyaniline counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochem Commun 10 9 2008 1299 1302
57. Q. Qin, J. Tao, Y. Yang, and X. Dong In situ oxidative polymerization of polyaniline counter electrode on ITO conductive glass substrate Polym Eng Sci 51 4 2011 663 669
58. Y. Zhu, J. Li, M. Wan, and L. Jiang Superhydrophobic 3D microstructures assembled from 1D nanofibers of polyaniline Macromol Rapid Commun 29 3 2008 239 243
59. S. Guo, S. Dong, and E. Wang Polyaniline/Pt hybrid nanofibers: high-efficiency nanoelectrocatalysts for electrochemical devices Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 5 16 2009 1869 1876
60. J. Jang, J. Ha, and K. Kim Organic light-emitting diode with polyaniline-poly(styrene sulfonate) as a hole injection layer Thin Solid Films 516 10 2008 3152 3156
61. H.D. Tran, D. Li, and R.B. Kaner One-dimensional conducting polymer nanostructures: bulk synthesis and applications Adv Mater 21 14-15 2009 1487 1499
62. J. Jang Conducting polymer nanomaterials and their applications Emissive materials nanomaterials 2006 Springer Berlin Heidelberg
63. Z. Li, B. Ye, X. Hu, X. Ma, X. Zhang, and Y. Deng Facile electropolymerized-PANI as counter electrode for low cost dye-sensitized solar cell Electrochem Commun 11 9 2009 1768 1771
64. 4 doped polyaniline counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells J Power Sources 242 2013 438 446
65. P. Xu, Q. Tang, H. Chen, and B. He Insights of close contact between polyaniline and FTO substrate for enhanced photovoltaic performances of dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 125 2014 163 169
66. S. Ameen, M.S. Akhtar, Y.S. Kim, O.B. Yang, and H.-S. Shin Sulfamic acid-doped polyaniline nanofibers thin film-based counter electrode: application in dye-sensitized solar cells J Phys Chem C 114 10 2010 4760 4764
67. S.S. Jeon, C. Kim, T.H. Lee, Y.W. Lee, K. Do, and J. Ko Camphorsulfonic acid-doped polyaniline transparent counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells J Phys Chem C 116 43 2012 22743 22748
68. S.H. Park, K.-H. Shin, J.-Y. Kim, S.J. Yoo, K.J. Lee, and J. Shin The application of camphorsulfonic acid doped polyaniline films prepared on TCO-free glass for counter electrode of bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 245 2012 1 8
69. J. Zhang, T. Hreid, X. Li, W. Guo, L. Wang, and X. Shi Nanostructured polyaniline counter electrode for dye-sensitised solar cells: fabrication and investigation of its electrochemical formation mechanism Electrochim Acta 55 11 2010 3664 3668
70. J.-Y. Lin, W.-Y. Wang, and Y.-T. Lin Characterization of polyaniline counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells Surf Coat Technol 231 2013 171 175
71. F. Guo, H. Hu, Q.-D. Tai, B.-L. Chen, B. Sebo, and C.-H. Bu Facile preparation of nanofibrous polyaniline thin film as counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells J Renew Sustain Energy 4 2 2012
72. Q. Qin, and R. Zhang A novel conical structure of polyaniline nanotubes synthesized on ITO-PET conducting substrate by electrochemical method Electrochim Acta 89 2013 726 731
73. Z. Lan, J. Wu, S. Gao, J. Lin, M. Huang, and X. Chen Template-free synthesis of polyaniline nanobelts as a catalytic counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells Polym Adv Technol 25 3 2014 343 346
74. Y. Xiao, J.-Y. Lin, W.-Y. Wang, S.-Y. Tai, G. Yue, and J. Wu Enhanced performance of low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells with pulse-electropolymerized polyaniline counter electrodes Electrochim Acta 90 2013 468 474
75. K.-C. Huang, C.-W. Hu, C.-Y. Tseng, C.-Y. Liu, M.-H. Yeh, and H.-Y. Wei A counter electrode based on hollow spherical particles of polyaniline for a dye-sensitized solar cell J Mater Chem 22 29 2012 14727 14733
76. Q. Tang, H. Cai, S. Yuan, and X. Wang Counter electrodes from double-layered polyaniline nanostructures for dye-sensitized solar cell applications J Mater Chem A 1 2 2013 317 323
77. C.-H. Chiang, S.-C. Chen, and C.-G. Wu Preparation of highly concentrated and stable conducting polymer solutions and their application in high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell Org Electron 14 9 2013 2369 2378
78. Q. Tai, B. Chen, F. Guo, S. Xu, H. Hu, and B. Sebo In situ prepared transparent polyaniline electrode and its application in bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Nano 5 5 2011 3795 3799
79. J. Wu, Y. Li, Q. Tang, G. Yue, J. Lin, and M. Huang Bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells: a strategy to enhance overall efficiency based on transparent polyaniline electrode Sci Rep 4 2014
80. J. Xia, L. Chen, and S. Yanagida Application of polypyrrole as a counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell J Mater Chem 21 12 2011 4644 4649
81. S.S. Jeon, C. Kim, J. Ko, and S.S. Im Spherical polypyrrole nanoparticles as a highly efficient counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells J Mater Chemi 21 22 2011 8146 8151
82. H. Nagai, and H. Segawa Energy-storable dye-sensitized solar cell with a polypyrrole electrode Chem Commun 8 2004 974 975
83. S. Lu, S. Wang, R. Han, T. Feng, L. Guo, and X. Zhang The working mechanism and performance of polypyrrole as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells J Mater Chem A 2 32 2014 12805
84. J. Wu, Q. Li, L. Fan, Z. Lan, P. Li, and J. Lin High-performance polypyrrole nanoparticles counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells J Power Sources 181 1 2008 172 176
85. T. Makris, V. Dracopoulos, T. Stergiopoulos, and P. Lianos A quasi solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell made of polypyrrole counter electrodes Electrochim Acta 56 5 2011 2004 2008
86. X. Zhang, S. Wang, S. Lu, J. Su, and T. He Influence of doping anions on structure and properties of electro-polymerized polypyrrole counter electrodes for use in dye-sensitized solar cells J Power Sources 246 2014 491 498
87. D.K. Hwang, D. Song, S.S. Jeon, T.H. Han, Y.S. Kang, and S.S. Im Ultrathin polypyrrole nanosheets doped with HCl as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells J Mater Chem A 2 3 2014 859
88. K. Keothongkham, S. Pimanpang, W. Maiaugree, S. Saekow, W. Jarernboon, and V. Amornkitbamrung Electrochemically deposited polypyrrole for dye-sensitized solar cell counter electrodes Int J Photoenergy 2012 2012 671326 671332
89. P. Veerender, V. Saxena, P. Jha, S.P. Koiry, A. Gusain, and S. Samanta Free-standing polypyrrole films as substrate-free and Pt-free counter electrodes for quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells Org Electron 13 12 2012 3032 3039
90. J. Xu, M. Li, L. Wu, Y. Sun, L. Zhu, and S. Gu A flexible polypyrrole-coated fabric counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells J Power Sources 257 2014 230 236
91. T. Peng, W. Sun, C. Huang, W. Yu, B. Sebo, and Z. Dai Self-assembled free-standing polypyrrole nanotube membrane as an efficient FTO- and Pt-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6 1 2014 14 17
92. C. Bu, Q. Tai, Y. Liu, S. Guo, and X. Zhao A transparent and stable polypyrrole counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell J Power Sources 221 2013 78 83
93. K.-M. Lee, C.-Y. Hsu, P.-Y. Chen, M. Ikegami, T. Miyasaka, and K.-C. Ho Highly porous PProDOT-Et2 film as counter electrode for plastic dye-sensitized solar cells Phys Chem Chem Phys 11 18 2009 3375 3379
94. F. Jonas, and L. Schrader Conductive modifications of polymers with polypyrroles and polythiophenes Synth Metals 41 3 1991 831 836
95. T. Yohannes, and O. Inganäs Photoelectrochemical studies of the junction between poly[3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene] and a redox polymer electrolyte Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 51 2 1998 193 202
96. Y. Saito, T. Kitamura, Y. Wada, and S. Yanagida Application of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) to counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells Chem Lett 31 10 2002 1060 1061
97. T.-L. Zhang, H.-Y. Chen, C.-Y. Su, and D.-B. Kuang A novel TCO- and Pt-free counter electrode for high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells J Mater Chem A 1 5 2013 1724
98. M. Gao, Y. Xu, Y. Bai, and S. Jin Effect of electropolymerization time on the performance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells Appl Surf Sci 289 2014 145 149
99. - redox reaction behavior on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 164 1-3 2004 153 157
100. J.M. Pringle, V. Armel, and D.R. MacFarlane Electrodeposited PEDOT-on-plastic cathodes for dye-sensitized solar cells Chem Commun 46 29 2010 5367 5369
101. C.-T. Li, C.-P. Lee, M.-S. Fan, P.-Y. Chen, R. Vittal, and K.-C. Ho Ionic liquid-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: cationic and anionic effects on the photovoltaic performance Nano Energy 9 2014 1 14
102. S. Carli, E. Busatto, S. Caramori, R. Boaretto, R. Argazzi, and C.J. Timpson Comparative evaluation of catalytic counter electrodes for Co(III)/(II) electron shuttles in regenerative photoelectrochemical cells J Phys Chem C 117 10 2013 5142 5153
103. B.W. Park, M. Pazoki, K. Aitola, S. Jeong, E.M.J. Johansson, and A. Hagfeldt Understanding interfacial charge transfer between metallic PEDOT counter electrodes and a cobalt redox shuttle in dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6 3 2014 2074 2079
104. J.M. Pringle, V. Armel, M. Forsyth, and D.R. MacFarlane PEDOT-coated counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells Austral J Chem 62 4 2009 348 352
105. S. Ahmad, J.-H. Yum, Z. Xianxi, M. Gratzel, H.-J. Butt, and M.K. Nazeeruddin Dye-sensitized solar cells based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) counter electrode derived from ionic liquids J Mater Chem 20 9 2010 1654 1658
106. S.H. Park, O.-H. Kim, J.S. Kang, K.J. Lee, J.-W. Choi, and Y.-H. Cho Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) inverse opal electrode fabricated from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)-filled polystyrene template for dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 137 2014 661 667
107. L. Chen, J. Jin, X. Shu, and J. Xia Solid state synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell J Power Sources 248 2014 1234 1240
108. R. Trevisan, M. Döbbelin, P.P. Boix, E.M. Barea, R. Tena-Zaera, and I. Mora-Seró PEDOT nanotube arrays as high performing counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells. Study of the interactions among electrolytes and counter electrodes Adv Energy Mater 1 5 2011 781 784
109. N. Jeon, D.K. Hwang, Y.S. Kang, S.S. Im, and D.-W. Kim Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells assembled with polymeric ionic liquid and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) counter electrode Electrochem Commun 34 2013 1 4
110. Y.-M. Xiao, J.-Y. Lin, J.-H. Wu, S.-Y. Tai, and G.-T. Yue Pulse potentiostatic electropolymerization of high performance PEDOT counter electrodes for Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 83 2012 221 226
111. S.Y. Heo, J.K. Koh, J.K. Kim, C.S. Lee, and J.H. Kim Three-dimensional conducting polymer films for Pt-free counter electrodes in quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 137 2014 34 40
112. K.S. Lee, H.K. Lee, D.H. Wang, N.-G. Park, J.Y. Lee, and O.O. Park Dye-sensitized solar cells with Pt- and TCO-free counter electrodes Chem Commun 46 25 2010 4505 4507
113. M. Biancardo, K. West, and F.C. Krebs Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells: Pt and PEDOT:PSS counter electrodes applied to gel electrolyte assemblies J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 187 2-3 2007 395 401
114. S.-H. Park, J.-U. Kim, J.-K. Lee, and M.-R. Kim Photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells with thermal treated PEDOT:PSS as counter electrodes Mol Crystals Liquid Crystals 471 1 2007 113 121
115. J.-G. Chen, H.-Y. Wei, and K.-C. Ho Using modified poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 91 15-16 2007 1472 1477
116. C.-H. Chiang, and C.-G. Wu High-efficient dye-sensitized solar cell based on highly conducting and thermally stable PEDOT:PSS/glass counter electrode Org Electron 14 7 2013 1769 1776
117. G. Yue, J. Wu, Y. Xiao, J. Lin, M. Huang, and Z. Lan Application of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate/polypyrrole counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells J Phys Chem C 116 34 2012 18057 18063
118. Y. Xiao, J. Wu, J.-Y. Lin, G. Yue, J. Lin, and M. Huang A dual function of high performance counter-electrode for stable quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells J Power Sources 241 2013 373 378
119. S. Peng, Y. Wu, P. Zhu, V. Thavasi, S.G. Mhaisalkar, and S. Ramakrishna Facile fabrication of polypyrrole/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite as counter electrodes in low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 223 2-3 2011 97 102
120. K. Kitamura, and S. Shiratori Layer-by-layer self-assembled mesoporous PEDOT-PSS and carbon black hybrid films for platinum free dye-sensitized-solar-cell counter electrodes Nanotechnology 22 19 2011 195703
121. G. Yue, J. Wu, Y. Xiao, J. Lin, M. Huang, and L. Fan A dye-sensitized solar cell based on PEDOT:PSS counter electrode Chin Sci Bull 58 4-5 2013 559 566
122. G. Yue, J. Wu, Y. Xiao, J. Lin, and M. Huang Low cost poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate/carbon black counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 67 2012 113 118
123. H. Sun, Y. Luo, Y. Zhang, D. Li, Z. Yu, and K. Li In situ preparation of a flexible polyaniline/carbon composite counter electrode and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells J Phys Chem C 114 26 2010 11673 11679
124. J. Chen, B. Li, J. Zheng, J. Zhao, H. Jing, and Z. Zhu Polyaniline nanofiber/carbon film as flexible counter electrodes in platinum-free dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 56 12 2011 4624 4630
125. S. Hou, X. Cai, H. Wu, Z. Lv, D. Wang, and Y. Fu Flexible, metal-free composite counter electrodes for efficient fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells J Power Sources 215 2012 164 169
126. S.J. Thompson, J.M. Pringle, X.L. Zhang, and Y.B. Cheng A novel carbon-PEDOT composite counter electrode for monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells J Phys D: Appl Phys 46 2 2012
127. L. Wang, K. Zhang, F. Cheng, and J. Chen Polypyrrole-cobalt-carbon nanocomposites as efficient counter electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells Sci China Chem 2014 1 5
128. Y. Xiao, J.-Y. Lin, J. Wu, S.-Y. Tai, G. Yue, and T.-W. Lin Dye-sensitized solar cells with high-performance polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nanotube counter electrodes electropolymerized by a pulse potentiostatic technique J Power Sources 233 2013 320 325
129. B. He, Q. Tang, T. Liang, and Q. Li Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells from polyaniline-single wall carbon nanotube complex counter electrodes J Mater Chem A 2 9 2014 3119 3126
130. M. Wang, Q. Tang, H. Chen, and B. He Counter electrodes from polyaniline-carbon nanotube complex/graphene oxide multilayers for dye-sensitized solar cell application Electrochim Acta 125 2014 510 515
131. S. AbdulAlmohsin, S.M. AL-Mutoki, and Z. Li Electrochemical polymerization of PPy-MWCNT composite as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells J Arkansas Acad Sci 66 2012 31 35
132. B. He, Q. Tang, J. Luo, Q. Li, X. Chen, and H. Cai Rapid charge-transfer in polypyrrole-single wall carbon nanotube complex counter electrodes: improved photovoltaic performances of dye-sensitized solar cells J Power Sources 256 2014 170 177
133. W.-Y. Wang, P.-N. Ting, S.-H. Luo, and J.-Y. Lin Pulse-reversal electropolymerization of polypyrrole on functionalized carbon nanotubes as composite counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 137 2014 721 727
134. J. Zhang, X. Li, W. Guo, T. Hreid, J. Hou, and H. Su Electropolymerization of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and functionalized, multi-walled, carbon nanotubes counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells and characterization of its performance Electrochim Acta 56 9 2011 3147 3152
135. K. Aitola, M. Borghei, A. Kaskela, E. Kemppainen, A.G. Nasibulin, and E.I. Kauppinen Flexible metal-free counter electrode for dye solar cells based on conductive polymer and carbon nanotubes J Electroanal Chem 683 2012 70 74
136. B. Fan, X. Mei, K. Sun, and J. Ouyang Conducting polymer/carbon nanotube composite as counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells Appl Phys Lett 93 14 2008
137. D.-J. Yun, H. Ra, and S.-W. Rhee Concentration effect of multiwalled carbon nanotube and poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymerized with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) conjugated film on the catalytic activity for counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cells Renew Energy 50 2013 692 700
138. H.-J. Shin, S.S. Jeon, and S.S. Im CNT/PEDOT core/shell nanostructures as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells Synth Metals 161 13-14 2011 1284 1288
139. K.-M. Lee, W.-H. Chiu, H.-Y. Wei, C.-W. Hu, V. Suryanarayanan, and W.-F. Hsieh Effects of mesoscopic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells Thin Solid Films 518 6 2010 1716 1721
140. G. Guan, Z. Yang, L. Qiu, X. Sun, Z. Zhang, and J. Ren Oriented PEDOT:PSS on aligned carbon nanotubes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells J Mater Chem A 1 42 2013 13268 13273
141. H. Niu, S. Qin, X. Mao, S. Zhang, R. Wang, and L. Wan Axle-sleeve structured MWCNTs/polyaniline composite film as cost-effective counter-electrodes for high efficient dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 121 2014 285 293
142. J. Luo, H.-j. Niu, W.-j. Wu, C. Wang, X.-d. Bai, and W. Wang Enhancement of the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell with multi-wall carbon nanotubes/polythiophene composite counter electrodes prepared by electrodeposition Solid State Sci 14 1 2012 145 149
143. L. Kavan, J.H. Yum, and M. Grätzel Optically transparent cathode for dye-sensitized solar cells based on graphene nanoplatelets ACS Nano 5 1 2010 165 172
144. K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, and S.V. Dubonos Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films Science 306 5696 2004 666 669
145. G. Yue, Zhang. Xa, L. Wang, F. Tan, J. Wu, and Q. Jiang Highly efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells based on nanographite/polypyrrole counter electrode Electrochim Acta 129 2014 229 236
146. B. He, Q. Tang, M. Wang, H. Chen, and S. Yuan Robust polyaniline-graphene complex counter electrodes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6 11 2014 8230 8236
147. B. He, Q. Tang, M. Wang, C. Ma, and S. Yuan Complexation of polyaniline and graphene for efficient counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells: enhanced charge transfer ability J Power Sources 256 2014 8 13
148. C.-Y. Liu, K.-C. Huang, P.-H. Chung, C.-C. Wang, C.-Y. Chen, and R. Vittal Graphene-modified polyaniline as the catalyst material for the counter electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell J Power Sources 217 2012 152 157
149. G. Wang, S. Zhuo, and W. Xing Graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite as counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells Mater Lett 69 2012 27 29
150. G. Yue, J. Wu, Y. Xiao, J. Lin, M. Huang, and Z. Lan Functionalized graphene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate as counter electrode catalyst for dye-sensitized solar cells Energy 54 2013 315 321
151. H. Cai, Q. Tang, B. He, M. Wang, S. Yuan, and H. Chen Self-assembly of graphene oxide/polyaniline multilayer counter electrodes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 121 2014 136 142
152. K.-C. Huang, J.-H. Huang, C.-H. Wu, C.-Y. Liu, H.-W. Chen, and C.-W. Chu Nanographite/polyaniline composite films as the counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells J Mater Chem 21 28 2011 10384 10389
153. S.P. Lim, A. Pandikumar, Y.S. Lim, N.M. Huang, and H.N. Lim In-situ electrochemically deposited polypyrrole nanoparticles incorporated reduced graphene oxide as an efficient counter electrode for platinum-free dye-sensitized solar cells Sci Rep 4 2014 5305
154. Y.-S. Wang, S.-M. Li, S.-T. Hsiao, H. Wei, S.-Y. Yang, and H.-W. Tien Thickness-self-controlled synthesis of porous transparent polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide composites towards advanced bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells J Power Sources 260 2014 326 337
155. Y.-C. Hsu, G.-L. Chen, and R.-H. Lee Graphene oxide sheet-polyaniline nanocomposite prepared through in-situ polymerization/deposition method for counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell J Polym Res 21 5 2014 1 9
156. W. Hong, Y. Xu, G. Lu, C. Li, and G. Shi Transparent graphene/PEDOT-PSS composite films as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochem Commun 10 10 2008 1555 1558
157. W. Sun, T. Peng, Y. Liu, S. Xu, J. Yuan, and S. Guo Hierarchically porous hybrids of polyaniline nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide sheets as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells J Mater Chem A 1 8 2013 2762 2768
158. L. Chen, C.X. Guo, Q. Zhang, Y. Lei, J. Xie, and S. Ee Graphene quantum-dot-doped polypyrrole counter electrode for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5 6 2013 2047 2052
159. F. Gong, X. Xu, G. Zhou, and Z.-S. Wang Enhanced charge transportation in a polypyrrole counter electrode via incorporation of reduced graphene oxide sheets for dye-sensitized solar cells Phys Chem Chem Phys 15 2 2013 546 552
160. K.S. Lee, Y. Lee, J.Y. Lee, J.-H. Ahn, and J.H. Park Flexible and platinum-free dye-sensitized solar cells with conducting-polymer-coated graphene counter electrodes ChemSusChem 5 2 2012 379 382
161. M.-H. Yeh, C.-P. Lee, L.-Y. Lin, P.-C. Nien, P.-Y. Chen, and R. Vittal A composite poly(3,3-diethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno-[3,4-b][1,4]-dioxepine) and Pt film as a counter electrode catalyst in dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 56 17 2011 6157 6164
162. L. Hao, H. Niu, P. Zhao, L. Zhang, Y. Sun, and C. Wang Applications of poly(3,5-diaminobenzotrifluoride) as electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells and electrochromic devices Electrochim Acta 68 2012 103 109
163. Z. Tang, J. Wu, M. Zheng, Q. Tang, Q. Liu, and J. Lin High efficient PANI/Pt nanofiber counter electrode used in dye-sensitized solar cell RSC Adv 2 10 2012 4062 4064
164. X. Chen, Q. Tang, and B. He Efficient dye-sensitized solar cell from spiny polyaniline nanofiber counter electrode Mater Lett 119 2014 28 31
165. 2 membrane electrolyte Electrochim Acta 105 2013 447 454
166. S. Woo, S.-J. Lee, D.-H. Kim, H. Kim, and Y. Kim Conducting polymer/in-situ generated platinum nanoparticle nanocomposite electrodes for low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 116 2014 518 523
167. S. Koussi-Daoud, D. Schaming, P. Martin, and J.-C. Lacroix Gold nanoparticles and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) hybrid films as counter-electrodes for enhanced efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 125 2014 601 605
168. A.J. Mozer, D.K. Panda, S. Gambhir, T.C. Romeo, B. Winther-Jensen, and G.G. Wallace Flexible and compressible goretex-PEDOT membrane electrodes for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells Langmuir 26 3 2009 1452 1455
169. K. Manseki, W. Jarernboon, Y. Youhai, K.-J. Jiang, K. Suzuki, and N. Masaki Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated by coupling photoelectrochemically deposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with silver-paint on cathode Chem Commun 47 11 2011 3120 3122
170. T. Muto, M. Ikegami, K. Kobayashi, and T. Miyasaka Conductive polymer-based mesoscopic counterelectrodes for plastic dye-sensitized solar cells Chem Lett 36 6 2007 804 805
171. T. Muto, M. Ikegami, and T. Miyasaka Polythiophene-based mesoporous counter electrodes for plastic dye-sensitized solar cells J Electrochem Soc 157 8 2010 B1195 B1200
172. 2/FTO counter electrode Electrochim Acta 54 23 2009 5463 5469
173. 2 nanoparticle mixed PEDOT-PSS counter electrodes for high efficiency dye sensitized solar cell J Non-Crystalline Solids 358 17 2012 2489 2495
174. 2 dye-sensitized solar cells Synth Metals 162 21-22 2012 1954 1960
175. X. Zhong, Y. Feng, W. Knoll, and M. Han Alloyed ZnxCd1-xS nanocrystals with highly narrow luminescence spectral width J Am Chem Soc 125 44 2003 13559 13563
176. P. Sudhagar, S. Nagarajan, Y.-G. Lee, D. Song, T. Son, and W. Cho Synergistic catalytic effect of a composite (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) counter electrode on triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3 6 2011 1838 1843
177. 2 nanocrystals/PEDOT:PSS composite counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Appl Mater Interf 4 11 2012 6242 6246
178. M.-H. Yeh, L.-Y. Lin, C.-P. Lee, H.-Y. Wei, C.-Y. Chen, and C.-G. Wu A composite catalytic film of PEDOT:PSS/TiN-NPs on a flexible counter-electrode substrate for a dye-sensitized solar cell J Mater Chem 21 47 2011 19021 19029
179. H. Xu, X. Zhang, C. Zhang, Z. Liu, X. Zhou, and S. Pang Nanostructured titanium nitride/PEDOT:PSS composite films as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4 2 2012 1087 1092
180. J. He, N.W. Duffy, J.M. Pringle, and Y.-B. Cheng Conducting polymer and titanium carbide-based nanocomposites as efficient counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells Electrochim Acta 105 2013 275 281
181. 2/PEDOT:PSS as the electrocatalyst for the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells J Mater Chem A 1 47 2013 14888 14896
182. C. Yuan, S. Guo, S. Wang, L. Liu, W. Chen, and E. Wang Electropolymerization polyoxometalate (POM)-doped PEDOT film electrodes with mastoid microstructure and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) Indust Eng Chem Res 52 20 2013 6694 6703
183. H.-K. Seo, M. Song, S. Ameen, M.S. Akhtar, and H.S. Shin New counter electrode of hot filament chemical vapor deposited graphene thin film for dye sensitized solar cell Chem Eng J 222 2013 464 471
184. J.S. Jang, D.J. Ham, E. Ramasamy, J. Lee, and J.S. Lee Platinum-free tungsten carbides as an efficient counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells Chem Commun 46 45 2010 8600 8602
185. R. Bertram Electrochemistry at solid electrodes. Monographs in electroanalytical chemistry and electrochemistry. Von R. N. Adams. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York 1969. 1. Aufl.; XIII, 402 S.; zahlr. Abb.; geb. $ 18.75 Angew Chem 82 19 1970 820
186. Q. Wang, J.-E. Moser, and M. Grätzel Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis of dye-sensitized solar cells J Phys Chem B 109 31 2005 14945 14953
187. C.H. Yoon, R. Vittal, J. Lee, W.-S. Chae, and K.-J. Kim Enhanced performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell with an electrodeposited-platinum counter electrode Electrochim Acta 53 6 2008 2890 2896
188. 2 photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells Nano Lett 10 7 2010 2562 2567
189. A. Listorti, B. O'Regan, and J.R. Durrant Electron transfer dynamics in dye-sensitized solar cells Chem Mater 23 15 2011 3381 3399