Erratum: Effects of endurance exercise training on the motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease: A review (Journal of Parkinson's Disease (2015) 5:1 (21-41) DOI: 10.3233/JPD-140425);Effects of endurance exercise training on the motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease: A review

Journal of Parkinson's Disease

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 21-41

  Lamotte, Guillaume ^a   Rafferty, Miriam R ^b,c   Prodoehl, Janey ^d   Kohrt, Wendy M ^e   Comella, Cynthia L ^f   Simuni, Tanya ^c   Corcos, Daniel M ^c,f  

^a CAEN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d MIDWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^f RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

aerobic exercise; balance; endurance; exercise; gait; motor activity; Parkinson's disease

Indexed keywords

BALANCE DISORDER; DEPRESSION; ENDURANCE TRAINING; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXERCISE INTENSITY; FATIGUE; GAIT DISORDER; HEART FUNCTION; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; MOTOR CONTROL; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PARKINSON DISEASE; PARKINSONISM; PRESCRIPTION; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RESPIRATORY FUNCTION; REVIEW; SYMPTOM; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT DURATION; WALKING DIFFICULTY; BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; BREATHING; CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; ENDURANCE; GAIT; KINESIOTHERAPY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES; DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC; EXERCISE THERAPY; GAIT; HUMANS; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PARKINSON DISEASE; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; POSTURAL BALANCE; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RESPIRATION;

EID: 84923171459     PISSN: 18777171     EISSN: 1877718X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/JPD-159001     Document Type: Erratum

References (123)

1. Morris ME, Huxham F, McGinley J, Dodd K, Iansek R (2001) The biomechanics and motor control of gait in Parkinson disease. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 16, 459-470.
2. Olanow CW, Stern MB, Sethi K (2009) The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease (2009). Neurology 72, S1-S136.
3. Xu Q, Park Y, Huang X, Hollenbeck A, Blair A, Schatzkin A, Chen H (2010) Physical activities and future risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 75, 341-348.
4. Chen H, Zhang SM, Schwarzschild MA, Hernán MA, Ascherio A (2005) Physical activity and the risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 64, 664-669.
5. Petzinger GM, Fisher BE, McEwen S, Beeler JA, Walsh JP, Jakowec MW (2013) Exercise-enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 12, 716-726.
6. Archer T, Fredriksson A, Johansson B (2011) Exercise alleviates Parkinsonism: Clinical and laboratory evidence. Acta Neurol Scand 123, 73-84.
7. Frazzitta G, Balbi P, Maestri R, Bertotti G, Boveri N, Pezzoli G (2013) The beneficial role of intensive exercise on Parkinson disease progression. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 92, 523-532.
8. Lima LO, Scianni A, Rodrigues-de-Paula F (2013) Progressive resistance exercise improves strength and physical performance in people with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. J Physiother 59, 7-13.
9. Thomas AG, Dennis A, Bandettini PA, Johansen-Berg H (2012) The effects of aerobic activity on brain structure. Front Psychol 3, 86.
10. Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF (2008) Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 9, 58-65.
11. David FJ, Rafferty MR, Robichaud JA, Prodoehl J, Kohrt WM, Vaillancourt DE, Corcos DM (2012) Progressive resistance exercise and Parkinson's disease:Areviewof potential mechanisms. Parkinsons Dis 2012, 124527.
12. Li F, Harmer P, Fitzgerald K, Eckstrom E, Stock R, Galver J, Maddalozzo G, Batya SS (2012) Tai chi and postural stability in patients with Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 366, 511-519.
13. Duncan RP, Earhart GM (2012) Randomized controlled trial of community-based dancing to modify disease progression in Parkinson disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 26, 132-143.
14. Earhart GM (2009) Dance as therapy for individuals with Parkinson disease. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 45, 231-238.
15. Shulman LM, Katzel LI, Ivey FM, Sorkin JD, Favors K, Anderson KE, Smith BA, Reich SG, Weiner WJ, Macko RF (2013) Randomized clinical trial of 3 types of physical exercise for patients with Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol 70, 183-190.
16. Schenkman M, Hall DA, Barón AE, Schwartz RS, Mettler P, Kohrt WM (2012) Exercise for people in early- or mid-stage Parkinson disease: A 16-month randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 92, 1395-1410.
17. Ridgel AL, Vitek JL, Alberts JL (2009) Forced, not voluntary, exercise improves motor function in Parkinson's disease patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 23, 600-608.
18. Sage MD, Almeida QJ (2009) Symptom and gait changes after sensory attention focused exercise vs aerobic training in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 24, 1132-1138.
19. Kurtais Y, Kutlay S, Tur BS, Gok H, Akbostanci C (2008) Does treadmill training improve lower-extremity tasks in Parkinson disease? A randomized controlled trial. Clin J Sport Med 18, 289-291.
20. Fisher BE, Wu AD, Salem GJ, Song J, Lin C-HJ, Yip J, Cen S, Gordon J, Jakowec M, Petzinger G (2008) The effect of exercise training in improving motor performance and corticomotor excitability in people with early Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 89, 1221-1229.
21. Bergen JL, Toole T, Elliott RG, 3rd, Wallace B, Robinson K, Maitland CG (2002) Aerobic exercise intervention improves aerobic capacity and movement initiation in Parkinson's disease patients. Neurorehabilitation 17, 161-168.
22. Bridgewater KJ, Sharpe MH (1996) Aerobic exercise and early Parkinson's disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 10, 233-241.
23. Voss MW, Vivar C, Kramer AF, van Praag H (2013) Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity. Trends Cogn Sci (Regul Ed.) 17, 525-544.
24. Norton K, Norton L, Sadgrove D (2010) Position statement on physical activity and exercise intensity terminology. J Sci Med Sport 13, 496-502.
25. Swain DP, Abernathy KS, Smith CS, Lee SJ, Bunn SA (1994) Target heart rates for the development of cardiorespiratory fitness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 26, 112-116.
26. Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP, American College of Sports M (2011) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43, 1334-1359.
27. Christiansen CL, Schenkman ML, McFann K, Wolfe P, Kohrt WM (2009) Walking economy in people with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 24, 1481-1487.
28. Stanley RK, Protas EJ, Jankovic J (1999) Exercise performance in those having Parkinson's disease and healthy normals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31, 761-766.
29. (2009) Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report, 2008. To the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Part A: Executive summary. Nutr Rev 67, 114-120.
30. French J, Gronseth G (2008) Invited Article: Lost in a jungle of evidence We need a compass. Neurology 71, 1634-1638.
31. Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ (1992) Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 55, 181-184.
32. Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 5.0. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre (2008.) The Cochrane Collaboration.
33. Higgins JPT GSe (2009) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.2 [updated September 2009].
34. Warburton DER, Nicol CW, Bredin SSD (2006) Prescribing exercise as preventive therapy. CMAJ 174, 961-974.
35. Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson's Disease (2003) The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): Status and recommendations. Mov Disord 18, 738-750.
36. Uc EY, Doerschug KC, Magnotta V, Dawson JD, Thomsen TR, Kline JN, Rizzo M, Newman SR, Mehta S, Grabowski TJ, Bruss J, Blanchette DR, Anderson SW, Voss MW, Kramer AF, Darling WG (2014) Phase I/II randomized trial of aerobic exercise in Parkinson disease in a community setting. Neurology 83, 413-425.
37. Ni X, Liu S, Lu F, Shi X, Guo X (2014) Efficacy and safety of Tai Chi for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 9, e99377.
38. Corcos DM, Robichaud JA, David FJ, Leurgans SE, Vaillancourt DE, Poon C, Rafferty MR, Kohrt WM, Comella CL (2013) A two-year randomized controlled trial of progressive resistance exercise for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 28, 1230-1240.
39. Dibble LE, Hale TF, Marcus RL, Gerber JP, LaStayo PC (2009) High intensity eccentric resistance training decreases bradykinesia and improves Quality Of Life in persons with Parkinson's disease: A preliminary study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15, 752-757.
40. Hass CJ, Collins MA, Juncos JL (2007) Resistance training with creatine monohydrate improves upper-body strength in patients with Parkinson disease: A randomized trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 21, 107-115.
41. Mehrholz J, Friis R, Kugler J, Twork S, Storch A, Pohl M (2010) Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD007830.
42. Franchignoni F, Martignoni E, Ferriero G, Pasetti C (2005) Balance and fear of falling in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 11, 427-433.
43. Boonstra TA, van der Kooij H, Munneke M, Bloem BR (2008) Gait disorders and balance disturbances in Parkinson's disease: Clinical update and pathophysiology. Curr Opin Neurol 21, 461-471.
44. Allen NE, Sherrington C, Paul SS, Canning CG (2011) Balance and falls in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis of the effect of exercise and motor training. Mov Disord 26, 1605-1615.
45. Qutubuddin AA, Pegg PO, Cifu DX, Brown R, McNamee S, Carne W (2005) Validating the Berg Balance Scale for patients with Parkinson's disease: A key to rehabilitation evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86, 789-792.
46. Leddy AL, Crowner BE, Earhart GM (2011) Utility of the Mini-BESTest, BESTest, and BESTest sections for balance assessments in individuals with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Phys Ther 35, 90-97.
47. Leddy AL, Crowner BE, Earhart GM (2011) Functional gait assessment and balance evaluation system test: Reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity for identifying individuals with Parkinson disease who fall. Phys Ther 91, 102-113.
48. Slaughter JR, Slaughter KA, Nichols D, Holmes SE, Martens MP (2001) Prevalence, clinical manifestations, etiology, and treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 13, 187-196.
49. Blake H, Mo P, Malik S, Thomas S (2009) How effective are physical activity interventions for alleviating depressive symptoms in older people? A systematic review. Clin Rehabil 23, 873-887.
50. Smarr KL, Keefer AL (2011) Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 63, S454-S466.
51. Park A, Zid D, Russell J, Malone A, Rendon A, Wehr A, Li X (2014) Effects of a formal exercise program on Parkinson's disease: A pilot study using a delayed start design. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20, 106-111.
52. Karlsen K, Larsen JP, Tandberg E, Jørgensen K (1999) Fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 14, 237-241.
53. Puetz TW (2006) Physical activity and feelings of energy and fatigue: Epidemiological evidence. Sports Med 36, 767-780.
54. Kelly NA, Ford MP, Standaert DG, Watts RL, Bickel CS, Moellering DR, Tuggle SC, Williams JY, Lieb L, Windham ST, Bamman MM (2014) Novel, high-intensity exercise prescription improves muscle mass, mitochondrial function, and physical capacity in individuals with Parkinson's disease. J Appl Physiol 116, 582-592.
55. Canning CG, Allen NE, Dean CM, Goh L, Fung VSC (2012) Home-based treadmill training for individuals with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Clin Rehabil 26, 817-826.
56. Werner WG, DiFrancisco-Donoghue J, Lamberg EM (2006) Cardiovascular response to treadmill testing in Parkinson disease. J Neurol Phys Ther 30, 68-73.
57. Global Parkinson's Disease Survey Steering C (2002) Factors impacting on quality of life in Parkinson's disease: Results from an international survey. Mov Disord 17, 60-67.
58. Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick R, Peto V, Greenhall R, Hyman N (1997) The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39): Development and validation of a Parkinson's disease summary index score. Age Ageing 26, 353-357.
59. Whetten-Goldstein K, Sloan F, Kulas E, Cutson T, Schenkman M (1997) The burden of Parkinson's disease on society, family, and the individual. J Am Geriatr Soc 45, 844-849.
60. Chrischilles EA, Rubenstein LM, Voelker MD, Wallace RB, Rodnitzky RL (2002) Linking clinical variables to health-related quality of life in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 8, 199-209.
61. Davidson M, Morton Nd (2007) A systematic review of the Human Activity Profile. Clin Rehabil 21, 151-162.
62. Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Close JCT (2008) Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 56, 2234-2243.
63. Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, Sherrington C, Gates S, Clemson LM, Lamb SE (2012) Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9, CD007146.
64. Ades PA, Savage PD, Lischke S, Toth MJ, Harvey-Berino J, Bunn JY, Ludlow M, Schneider DJ (2011) The effect of weight loss and exercise training on flow-mediated dilatation in coronary heart disease: A randomized trial. Chest 140, 1420-1427.
65. Khan KM, Thompson AM, Blair SN, Sallis JF, Powell KE, Bull FC, Bauman AE (2012) Sport and exercise as contributors to the health of nations. Lancet 380, 59-64.
66. Church TS, Thomas DM, Tudor-Locke C, Katzmarzyk PT, Earnest CP, Rodarte RQ, Martin CK, Blair SN, Bouchard C (2011) Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLoS One 6, e19657.
67. Nanhoe-Mahabier W, de Laat KF, Visser JE, Zijlmans J, de Leeuw F-E, Bloem BR (2009) Parkinson disease and comorbid cerebrovascular disease. Nat Rev Neurol 5, 533-541.
68. Abbruzzese G, Trompetto C (2002) Clinical and research methods for evaluating cortical excitability. J Clin Neurophysiol 19, 307-321.
69. Priori A, Berardelli A, Inghilleri M, Accornero N, Manfredi M (1994) Motor cortical inhibition and the dopaminergic system. Pharmacological changes in the silent period after transcranial brain stimulation in normal subjects, patients with Parkinson's disease and drug-induced parkinsonism. Brain 117 (Pt 2), 317-323.
70. Fisher BE, Li Q, Nacca A, Salem GJ, Song J, Yip J, Hui JS, Jakowec MW, Petzinger GM (2013) Treadmill exercise elevates striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding potential in patients with early Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport 24, 509-514.
71. 2 max to training in 60-71 yr olds. J Appl Physiol 71, 2004-2011.
72. Moore CG, Schenkman M, Kohrt WM, Delitto A, Hall DA, Corcos D (2013) Study in Parkinson disease of exercise (SPARX): Translating high-intensity exercise from animals to humans. Contemp Clin Trials 36, 90-98.
73. Gerecke KM, Jiao Y, Pani A, Pagala V, Smeyne RJ (2010) Exercise protects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Brain Res 1341, 72-83.
74. Toy WA, Petzinger GM, Leyshon BJ, Akopian GK, Walsh JP, Hoffman MV, Vučković MG, Jakowec MW (2014) Treadmill exercise reverses dendritic spine loss in direct and indirect striatal medium spiny neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 63, 201-209.
75. Cho H-S, Shin M-S, Song W, Jun T-W, Lim B-V, Kim Y-P, Kim C-J (2013) Treadmill exercise alleviates short-term memory impairment in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's rats. J Exerc Rehabil 9, 354-361.
76. Fisher BE, Petzinger GM, Nixon K, Hogg E, Bremmer S, Meshul CK, Jakowec MW (2004) Exercise-induced behavioral recovery and neuroplasticity in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned mouse basal ganglia. J Neurosci Res 77, 378-390.
77. 18F]fallypride. Mov Disord 25, 2777-2784.
78. Kintz N, Petzinger GM, Akopian G, Ptasnik S, Williams C, Jakowec MW, Walsh JP (2013) Exercise modifies α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor expression in striatopallidal neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned mouse. J Neurosci Res 91, 1492-1507.
79. VanLeeuwen J-E, Petzinger GM, Walsh JP, Akopian GK, Vuckovic M, Jakowec MW (2010) Altered AMPA receptor expression with treadmill exercise in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned mouse model of basal ganglia injury. J Neurosci Res 88, 650-668.
80. Lau Y-S, Patki G, Das-Panja K, Le W-D, Ahmad SO (2011) Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of exercise in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson's disease with moderate neurodegeneration. Eur J Neurosci 33, 1264-1274.
81. Varanese S, Birnbaum Z, Rossi R, Di Rocco A (2011) Treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease. Parkinsons Dis 2010, 480260.
82. Adkin AL, Frank JS, Jog MS (2003) Fear of falling and postural control in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 18, 496-502.
83. Forbes D, Thiessen EJ, Blake CM, Forbes SC, Forbes S (2013) Exercise programs for people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12, CD006489.
84. Godefroy O, Azouvi P, Robert P, Roussel M, LeGall D, Meulemans T, Groupe de Ráflexion sur l'Evaluation des Fonctions Exácutives Study G (2010) Dysexecutive syndrome: Diagnostic criteria and validation study. Ann Neurol 68, 855-864.
85. Lewis SJG, Dove A, Robbins TW, Barker RA, Owen AM (2003) Cognitive impairments in early Parkinson's disease are accompanied by reductions in activity in frontostriatal neural circuitry. J Neurosci 23, 6351-6356.
86. van Gelder BM, Tijhuis MAR, Kalmijn S, Giampaoli S, Nissinen A, Kromhout D (2004) Physical activity in relation to cognitive decline in elderly men: The FINE Study. Neurology 63, 2316-2321.
87. Larson EB, Wang L, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Crane P, Kukull W (2006) Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older. Ann Intern Med 144, 73-81.
88. Jedrziewski MK, Ewbank DC, Wang H, Trojanowski JQ (2010) Exercise and cognition: Results from the National Long Term Care Survey. Alzheimers Dement 6, 448-455.
89. Heyn P, Abreu BC, Ottenbacher KJ (2004) The effects of exercise training on elderly persons with cognitive impairment and dementia: A meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85, 1694-1704.
90. Cruise KE, Bucks RS, Loftus AM, Newton RU, Pegoraro R, Thomas MG (2011) Exercise and Parkinson's: Benefits for cognition and quality of life. Acta Neurol Scand 123, 13-19.
91. Tanaka K, Quadros ACd Jr, Santos RF, Stella F, Gobbi LTB, Gobbi S (2009) Benefits of physical exercise on executive functions in older people with Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 69, 435-441.
92. Tabak R, Aquije G, Fisher BE (2013) Aerobic exercise to improve executive function in Parkinson disease: A case series. J Neurol Phys Ther 37, 58-64.
93. Nocera JR, Altmann LJP, Sapienza C, Okun MS, Hass CJ (2010) Can exercise improve language and cognition in Parkinson's disease? A case report. Neurocase 16, 301-306.
94. Raggi A, Bella R, Pennisi G, Neri W, Ferri R (2013) Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease: A narrative review of the literature. Rev Neurosci 24, 279-291.
95. King AC, Oman RF, Brassington GS, Bliwise DL, Haskell WL (1997) Moderate-intensity exercise and self-rated quality of sleep in older adults. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 277, 32-37.
96. Rodrigues de Paula F, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Coelho de Morais Faria CD, Rocha de Brito P, Cardoso F (2006) Impact of an exercise program on physical, emotional, and social aspects of quality of life of individuals with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 21, 1073-1077.
97. Goldstein DS (2003) Dysautonomia in Parkinson's disease: Neurocardiological abnormalities. Lancet Neurol 2, 669-676.
98. Orimo S, Amino T, Uchihara T, Mori F, Kakita A, Wakabayashi K, Takahashi H (2007) Decreased cardiac uptake of MIBG is a potential biomarker for the presence of Lewy bodies. J Neurol 254, IV21-IV28.
99. Orimo S, Suzuki M, Inaba A, Mizusawa H (2012) 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy for differentiating Parkinson's disease from other neurodegenerative parkinsonism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 18, 494-500.
100. Palma J-A, Carmona-Abellan M-M, Barriobero N, Trevino-Peinado C, Garcia-Lopez M, Fernandez-Jarne E, Luquin MR (2013) Is cardiac function impaired in premotor Parkinson's disease? A retrospective cohort study. Movement Disorders 28, 591-596.
101. Billman GE, Kukielka M (2006) Effects of endurance exercise training on heart rate variability and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: Protection is not due to enhanced cardiac vagal regulation. J Appl Physiol 100, 896-906.
102. Kelley G, McClellan P (1994) Antihypertensive effects of aerobic exercise. A brief meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Hypertens 7, 115-119.
103. Martinez DG, Nicolau JC, Lage RL, Toschi-Dias E, de Matos LDNJ, Alves MJNN, Trombetta IC, Dias da Silva VJ, Middlekauff HR, Negrão CE, Rondon MUPB (2011) Effects of long-term exercise training on autonomic control in myocardial infarction patients. Hypertension 58, 1049-1056.
104. La Rovere MT, Bersano C, Gnemmi M, Specchia G, Schwartz PJ (2002) Exercise-induced increase in baroreflex sensitivity predicts improved prognosis after myocardial infarction. Circulation 106, 945-949.
105. Spina RJ, Turner MJ, Ehsani AA (1998) Beta-adrenergic-mediated improvement in left ventricular function by exercise training in older men. Am J Physiol 274, H397-H404.
106. MacDonnell SM, Kubo H, Crabbe DL, Renna BF, Reger PO, Mohara J, Smithwick LA, Koch WJ, Houser SR, Libonati JR (2005) Improved myocardial beta-adrenergic responsiveness and signaling with exercise training in hypertension. Circulation 111, 3420-3428.
107. Kaufmann H, Goldstein DS (2013) Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Handb Clin Neurol 117, 259-278.
108. Okazaki K, Iwasaki K, Prasad A, Palmer MD, Martini ER, Fu Q, Arbab-Zadeh A, Zhang R, Levine BD (2005) Dose-response relationship of endurance training for autonomic circulatory control in healthy seniors. J Appl Physiol (1985) 99, 1041-1049.
109. Kaye J, Gage H, Kimber A, Storey L, Trend P (2006) Excess burden of constipation in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study. Mov Disord 21, 1270-1273.
110. Edwards LL, Quigley EM, Pfeiffer RF (1992) Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Frequency and pathophysiology. Neurology 42, 726-732.
111. Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Schrag A (2012) Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 72, 893-901.
112. Derkinderen P, Rouaud T, Lebouvier T, Bruley des Varannes S, Neunlist M, De Giorgio R (2011) Parkinson disease: The enteric nervous system spills its guts. Neurology 77, 1761-1767.
113. Peters HP, De Vries WR, Vanberge-Henegouwen GP, Akkermans LM (2001) Potential benefits and hazards of physical activity and exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Gut 48, 435-439.
114. Palma JA, Kaufmann H (2014) Autonomic disorders predicting Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20 (Suppl 1), S94-S98.
115. Klein C, Westenberger A (2012) Genetics of Parkinson's disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2, a008888.
116. Zuccato C, Cattaneo E (2009) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 5, 311-322.
117. Hoogland J, de Bie RMA, Williams-Gray CH, Muslimović D, Schmand B, Post B (2010) Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 25, 2550-2554.
118. Kim J, Basak JM, Holtzman DM (2009) The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 63, 287-303.
119. Monsell SE, Besser LM, Heller KB, Checkoway H, Litvan I, Kukull WA (2014) Clinical and pathologic presentation in Parkinson's disease by apolipoprotein ε4 allele status. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20, 503-507.
120. Stroth S, Reinhardt RK, Thöne J, Hille K, Schneider M, Härtel S, Weidemann W, Bös K, Spitzer M (2010) Impact of aerobic exercise training on cognitive functions and affect associated to the COMT polymorphism in young adults. Neurobiol Learn Mem 94, 364-372.
121. Egan MF, Kojima M, Callicott JH, Goldberg TE, Kolachana BS, Bertolino A, Zaitsev E, Gold B, Goldman D, Dean M, Lu B, Weinberger DR (2003) The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function. Cell 112, 257-269.
122. Chen Z-Y, Patel PD, Sant G, Meng C-X, Teng KK, Hempstead BL, Lee FS (2004) Variant brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Met66) alters the intracellular trafficking and activity-dependent secretion of wild-type BDNF in neurosecretory cells and cortical neurons. J Neurosci 24, 4401-4411.
123. Schuit AJ, Feskens EJ, Launer LJ, Kromhout D (2001) Physical activity and cognitive decline, the role of the apolipoprotein e4 allele. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33, 772-777.