Myasthenia gravis and risks for comorbidity

European Journal of Neurology

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 17-23

  Gilhus, N E ^a,b   Nacu, A ^a,b,c   Andersen, J B ^a   Owe, J F ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^b HAUKELAND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^c STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY NICOLAE TESTEMITANU   (Moldova)

Author keywords

Autoimmune disease; Cancer; Comorbidity; Heart disease; Myasthenia gravis; Respiratory disease; Thymoma

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; PREDNISOLONE; RITUXIMAB;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNITY; COMORBIDITY; CYTOPENIA; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HEART DISEASE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; NEOPLASM; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; PEROPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SURGICAL INFECTION; THYMECTOMY; TOXIC HEPATITIS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; HEART DISEASES; NEOPLASMS; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; COMORBIDITY; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; NEOPLASMS; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES;

EID: 84923003674     PISSN: 13515101     EISSN: 14681331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ene.12599     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Meriggioli MN, Sanders DB. Autoimmune myasthenia gravis: emerging clinical and biological heterogeneity. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8: 475-499.
2. Gilhus NE. Myasthenia and neuromuscular junction. Curr Opin Neurol 2012; 25: 523-529.
3. Querol L, Illa I. Myasthenia and the neuromuscular junction. Curr Opin Neurol 2013; 26: 459-465.
4. Marx A, Pfister P, Schalke B, et al. The different roles of the thymus in the pathogenesis of the various myasthenia gravis subtypes. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12: 875-884.
5. Heldal AT, Owe JF, Gilhus NE, et al. Seropositive myasthenia gravis; a nationwide epidemiologic study. Neurology 2009; 73: 150-151.
6. Carr AS, Cardwell CR, McCarron PO, et al. A systematic review of population based epidemiological studies in myasthenia gravis. BMC Neurol 2010; 10: 46.
7. Pakzad Z, Aziz T, Oger J. Increasing incidence of myasthenia gravis among elderly in British Columbia, Canada. Neurology 2011; 76: 1526-1528.
8. Pedersen EG, Hallas J, Hansen K, et al. Late-onset myasthenia not on the increase: a nationwide register study in Denmark, 1996-2009. Eur J Neurol 2012; 20: 942-948.
9. Skeie GO, Apostolski S, Evoli A, et al. Guidelines for treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular transmission disorders. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17: 893-902.
10. Gilhus NE. Advances in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Future Neurol 2012; 7: 701-708.
11. Gilhus NE. Acute treatment for myasthenia gravis. Nat Rev Neurol 2011; 7: 132-134.
12. Owe JF, Daltveit AK, Gilhus NE. Causes of death among patients with myasthenia gravis in Norway between 1951 and 2001. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 203-207.
13. Ramanujam R, Piehl F, Pirskanen R, Gregersen PK, Hammarstrom L. Concomitant autoimmunity in myasthenia gravis - lack of association with IgA deficiency. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 236: 118-122.
14. Mao ZF, Yang LX, Mo XA, et al. Frequency of autoimmune diseases in myasthenia gravis: a systematic review. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121: 121-129.
15. Jallouli M, Saadoun D, Eymard B, et al. The association of systemic lupus erythematosus and myasthenia gravis: a series of 17 cases, with a special focus on hydroxychloroquine use and a review of the literature. J Neurol 2012; 259: 1290-1297.
16. Sardu C, Cocco E, Mereu A, et al. Population based study of 12 autoimmune diseases in Sardinia, Italy: prevalence and comorbidity. PLoS One 2012; 7: e32487.
17. Andersen JA, Owe JF, Engeland A, Gilhus NE. Total drug treatment and comorbidity in myasthenia gravis; a population-based cohort study. Eur J Neurol 2014; 21: 948-955.
18. Ramagopalan SV, Anderson C, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC. Genomewide study of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2199-2200.
19. Tellez-Zenteno JF, Cardenas G, Estanol B, Garcia-Ramos G, Weder-Cisneros N. Associated conditions in myasthenia gravis: response to thymectomy. Eur J Neurol 2004; 11: 767-773.
20. Kaminski HJ, Li Z, Richmonds C, Ruff RL, Kusner L. Susceptibility of ocular tissues to autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 998: 362-374.
21. Chen YL, Yeh JH, Chiu HC. Clinical features of myasthenia gravis patients with autoimmune thyroid disease in Taiwan. Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 127: 170-174.
22. Delgado-Vega A, Sanchez E, Löfgren S, Castillejo-Lopez C, Alarcon-Riquelme ME. Recent findings on systemic autoimmune diseases. Curr Opin Immunol 2010; 22: 698-705.
23. Iyer A, Elsone L, Appleton R, Jacob A. A review of the current literature and a guide to the early diagnosis of autoimmune disorders associated with neuromyelitis optica. Autoimmunity 2014; 47: 154-161.
24. Zhermakova A, Withoff S, Wijmenga C. Clinical implications of shared genetics and pathogenesis in autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2013; 9: 645-659.
25. Gregersen PK, Kosoy R, Lee AT, et al. Risk for myasthenia gravis maps to a (151) Pro-Ala change in TNIP1 and to human leukocyte antigen-B*08. Ann Neurol 2012; 72: 927-935.
26. Berrih-Aknin S, Le Panse R. Myasthenia gravis: a comprehensive review of immune dysregulation and etiological mechanisms. J Autoimmun 2014; 52: 90-100.
27. Oh SJ, Dhall R, Young A, et al. Statins may aggravate myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2008; 38: 1101-1107.
28. Gilhus NE. Is it safe to use statins in myasthenia gravis? Nat Clin Pract 2009; 5: 8-9.
29. Paik JJ, Corse AM, Mammen AL. The co-existence of myasthenia gravis in patients with myositis: a case series. Semin Arthritis and Rheum 2014; 43: 792-796.
30. Kon T, Mori F, Tanji K, et al. Giant cell polymyositis and myocarditis associated with myasthenia gravis and thymoma. Neuropathology 2013; 33: 281-287.
31. Suzuki S, Baba A, Kaida K, et al. Cardiac involvements in myasthenia gravis associated with anti-Kv1.4 antibodies. Eur J Neurol 2014; 21: 223-230.
32. Suzuki S, Utsugisawa K, Suzuki N. Overlooked non-motor symptoms in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84: 989-994.
33. Guglin M, Campellone JV, Heintz K, Parrillo JE. Cardiac disease in myasthenia gravis: a literature review. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2003; 4: 199-203.
34. Johannessen K, Mygland Å, Gilhus NE, Aarli J, Vik-Mo H. Left ventricular function in myasthenia gravis. Am J Cardiol 1992; 69: 129-132.
35. Owe JF, Davidsen ES, Eide GE, Gerdts E, Gilhus NE. Left ventricular long-axis function in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol 2008; 255: 1777-1784.
36. Puneeth SP, Chandra SR, Yadav R, Stahyaprabha TN, Chandran S. Heart rate and heart pressure variability in patients with myasthenia gravis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013; 16: 329-332.
37. Liu CJ, Chang YS, Teng CJ, et al. Risk of extrathymic cancer in patients with myasthenia gravis in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19: 746-751.
38. Pedersen EG, Pottegard A, Hallas I, et al. Myasthenia and risk of cancer: a population-based case-control study. Eur J Neurol 2014; 21: 773-778.
39. Yeh JH, Lin CC, Chen YK, Sung FC, Chiu HC, Kao CH. Excessive risk of cancer and in particular lymphoid malignancy in myasthenia gravis pateints: a population-based cohort study. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24: 245-249.
40. Owe JF, Cvancarova M, Romi F, Gilhus NE. Extrathymic malignancies in thymoma patients with and without myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci 2010; 290: 66-69.
41. Pedersen EG, Pottegard A, Hallas J, et al. Use of azathioprine for non-thymoma myasthenia and risk of cancer: a nationwide case-control study in Denmark. Eur J Neurol 2013; 20: 942-948.
42. Pedersen EG, Pottegard A, Hallas J, et al. Risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in myasthenia patients treated with azathioprine. Eur J Neurol 2014; 21: 454-458.
43. Amos SM, Duong CPM, Westwood JA, et al. Autoimmunity associated with immunotherapy of cancer. Blood 2011; 118: 499-509.
44. Berens C, Lauber K, Herrmann M. Autoimmunity vs. cancer: predator vs. alien. Autoimmunity 2013; 46: 287-293.
45. Teng MWL, Smyth MJ. Can cancer trigger autoimmunity? Science 2014; 343: 147-148.
46. Sharp L, Vernino S. Paraneoplastic neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46: 841-850.
47. Coutinho E, Harrison P, Vincent A. Do neuronal autoantibodies cause psychosis: a neuroimmunological perspective. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75: 269-275.
48. Vincent A. Autoimmune encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85: e3.
49. Benros ME, Eaton WW, Mortensen PB. The epidemiologic evidence linking autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75: 300-306.
50. Ybarra MI, Kummer A, Frota ERC, Oliveira JTD, Gomez RS, Texeira AL. Psychiatric disorders in myasthenia gravis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2011; 69: 176-179.
51. Basta IZ, Pekmezovic TD, Peric SZ, et al. Assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with myasthenia gravis in Belgrade (Serbia). Neurol Sci 2012; 33: 1375-1381.
52. Mehanna R, Patton EL, Phan C, Harati Y. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2012; 14: 82-85.
53. Turner MR, Goldacre R, Ramagopalan S, Talbot K, Goldacre MJ. Autoimmune disease preceding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an epidemiologic study. Neurology 2013; 81: 1222-12125.
54. Goris A, Setten JV, Diekstra F, et al. No evidence for shared genetic basis of common variants in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23: 7.
55. Grob D, Brunner N, Namba T, Pagala M. Lifetime course of myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2008; 37: 141-149.
56. Alshekhlee A, Miles JD, Katirji B, Preston HC, Kaminski HJ. Incidence and mortality rates of myasthenia gravis and myasthenic crisis in US hospitals. Neurology 2009; 72: 1548-1554.
57. Pouwels S, Javald M, Boer AD, et al. Risk of fracture in patients with myasthenia gravis: the general practice research database. Bone 2011; 48(Suppl. 2): 270.