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Intestinal microbiota pathogenesis and fecal microbiota transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease
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Manipulation of the microbiota for treatment of IBS and IBD-challenges and controversies
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Shanahan F, Quigley EM. Manipulation of the microbiota for treatment of IBS and IBD-challenges and controversies. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1554-1563.
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Microbiota and dietary interactions: An update to the hygiene hypothesis?
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Retinoic acid primes human dendritic cells to induce gut-homing, IL-10-producing regulatory T cells
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[Epub ahead of print] This study shows that retinoic acid induces IL-10-producing T cells and postulates a novel mechanism for IL-10 in maintaining tolerance to the intestinal microbiome
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Bakdash G, Vogelpoel LT, van Capel TM, et al. Retinoic acid primes human dendritic cells to induce gut-homing, IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2014. [Epub ahead of print] This study shows that retinoic acid induces IL-10-producing T cells and postulates a novel mechanism for IL-10 in maintaining tolerance to the intestinal microbiome.
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Mucosal Immunol
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Bakdash, G.1
Vogelpoel, L.T.2
Van Capel, T.M.3
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6
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84877954998
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Immunomodulation by Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in the murine lamina propria requires retinoic acid-dependent and independent mechanisms
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This study describes the induction of retinoic acid metabolism in CD103þ dendritic cells by a specific probiotic within the gut
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Konieczna P, Ferstl R, Ziegler M, et al. Immunomodulation by Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in the murine lamina propria requires retinoic acid-dependent and independent mechanisms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62617. This study describes the induction of retinoic acid metabolism in CD103þ dendritic cells by a specific probiotic within the gut.
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PLoS One
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Konieczna, P.1
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A Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain induces a heme oxygenase dependent increase in Foxp3 þ regulatory T cells
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Karimi K, Kandiah N, Chau J, et al. A Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain induces a heme oxygenase dependent increase in Foxp3 þ regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47556.
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Segmented filamentous bacteria antigens presented by intestinal dendritic cells drive mucosal Th17 cell differentiation
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This report describes the complex role of dendritic cells and innate lymphoid cells in the regulation of intestinal Th17 cell homeostasis in response to a gut microbe
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Goto Y, Panea C, Nakato G, et al. Segmented filamentous bacteria antigens presented by intestinal dendritic cells drive mucosal Th17 cell differentiation. Immunity 2014; 40:594-607. This report describes the complex role of dendritic cells and innate lymphoid cells in the regulation of intestinal Th17 cell homeostasis in response to a gut microbe.
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Immunity
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Goto, Y.1
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10
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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells mediate anti-inflammatory responses to a gut commensal molecule via both innate and adaptive mechanisms
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This study shows that plasmacytoid dendritic cells can orchestrate the beneficial immunoregulatory interaction of commensal microbial molecules via both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms.
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Dasgupta S, Erturk-Hasdemir D, Ochoa-Reparaz J, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells mediate anti-inflammatory responses to a gut commensal molecule via both innate and adaptive mechanisms. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 15:413-423. This study shows that plasmacytoid dendritic cells can orchestrate the beneficial immunoregulatory interaction of commensal microbial molecules via both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms.
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Dasgupta, S.1
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11
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84901287963
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Protection from intestinal inflammation by bacterial exopolysaccharides
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This study demonstrates that bacterial exopolysaccharides prevent colitis in a TLR4-dependent manner, which requires myeloid cells
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Jones SE, Paynich ML, Kearns DB, et al. Protection from intestinal inflammation by bacterial exopolysaccharides. J Immunol 2014; 192:4813-4820. This study demonstrates that bacterial exopolysaccharides prevent colitis in a TLR4-dependent manner, which requires myeloid cells.
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Jones, S.E.1
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The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease
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Tan J, McKenzie C, Potamitis M, et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease. Adv Immunol 2014; 121:91-119.
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Diet, metabolites, and 'western-lifestyle' inflammatory diseases
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14
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Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation
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This study shows that butyrate, produced by commensal microorganisms, facilitated extrathymic generation of T regulatory cells
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Arpaia N, Campbell C, Fan X, et al. Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature 2013; 504:451-455. This study shows that butyrate, produced by commensal microorganisms, facilitated extrathymic generation of T regulatory cells.
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Nature
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Arpaia, N.1
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The microbial metabolite butyrate regulates intestinal macrophage function via histone deacetylase inhibition
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These authors elucidate a novel pathway in which the host may maintain tolerance to intestinal microbiota by rendering lamina propria macrophages hyporesponsive
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Chang PV, Hao L, Offermanns S, et al. The microbial metabolite butyrate regulates intestinal macrophage function via histone deacetylase inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014; 111:2247-2252. These authors elucidate a novel pathway in which the host may maintain tolerance to intestinal microbiota by rendering lamina propria macrophages hyporesponsive.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
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Chang, P.V.1
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16
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84892449521
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Activation of Gpr109a, receptor for niacin and the commensal metabolite butyrate, suppresses colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis
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This study demonstrates that Gpr109a has an essential role in mediating the beneficial effects of gut microbiota and dietary fiber in colon
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Singh N, Gurav A, Sivaprakasam S, et al. Activation of Gpr109a, receptor for niacin and the commensal metabolite butyrate, suppresses colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Immunity 2014; 40:128-139. This study demonstrates that Gpr109a has an essential role in mediating the beneficial effects of gut microbiota and dietary fiber in colon.
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Immunity
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Singh, N.1
Gurav, A.2
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Histamine and gut mucosal immune regulation
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This report comprehensively describes the cellular sources and immunological effects of histamine within the gut
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Smolinska S, Jutel M, Crameri R, et al. Histamine and gut mucosal immune regulation. Allergy 2014; 69:273-281. This report comprehensively describes the cellular sources and immunological effects of histamine within the gut.
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19
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84882821731
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Histamine receptor 2 modifies dendritic cell responses to microbial ligands
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This study describes the immunoregulatory molecular mechanisms associated with histamine modulation of dendritic cell activation following TLR stimulation
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Frei R, Ferstl R, Konieczna P, et al. Histamine receptor 2 modifies dendritic cell responses to microbial ligands. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:194-204. This study describes the immunoregulatory molecular mechanisms associated with histamine modulation of dendritic cell activation following TLR stimulation.
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Histamine receptor 2 is a key influence in immune responses to intestinal histamine-secreting microbes
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This report highlights the immunoregulatory role for histamine secreted by gut microbes in vivo and the detrimental effects associated with a high histaminesecreting Lactobacillus strain
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Ferstl R, Frei R, Schiavi E, et al. Histamine receptor 2 is a key influence in immune responses to intestinal histamine-secreting microbes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:744-746. This report highlights the immunoregulatory role for histamine secreted by gut microbes in vivo and the detrimental effects associated with a high histaminesecreting Lactobacillus strain.
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J Allergy Clin Immunol
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Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 protects against Salmonella-induced reductions in digestive enzyme activity in mice by attenuation of the host inflammatory response
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Bifidobacterium infantis suppression of Peyer's patch MIP-1α and MIP-1β secretion during Salmonella infection correlates with increased local CD4þCD25þ T cell numbers
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This study suggests that multiple mechanisms may underpin the anti-inflammatory effects of this probiotic
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Scully P, Macsharry J, O'Mahony D, et al. Bifidobacterium infantis suppression of Peyer's patch MIP-1α and MIP-1β secretion during Salmonella infection correlates with increased local CD4þCD25þ T cell numbers. Cell Immunol 2013; 281:134-140. This study suggests that multiple mechanisms may underpin the anti-inflammatory effects of this probiotic.
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Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor mediates mucin production stimulated by p40, a Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-derived protein
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This study demonstrates that a single isolated protein from this probiotic strain can enhance mucin production
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Wang L, Cao H, Liu L, et al. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor mediates mucin production stimulated by p40, a Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-derived protein. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:20234-20244. This study demonstrates that a single isolated protein from this probiotic strain can enhance mucin production.
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 and Lactobacillus casei L39 suppress Clostridium difficile-induced IL-8 production by colonic epithelial cells
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These results suggest that both probiotic strains can produce factors capable of modulating inflammation stimulated by C. difficile
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Boonma P, Spinler JK, Venable SF, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 and Lactobacillus casei L39 suppress Clostridium difficile-induced IL-8 production by colonic epithelial cells. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14: 177. These results suggest that both probiotic strains can produce factors capable of modulating inflammation stimulated by C. difficile.
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Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 modulates the host innate immune response
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This report presents global transcription profiles of cells exposed to Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, demonstrating that this bacterium modulates the innate immune response of the host
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Turroni F, Taverniti V, Ruas-Madiedo P, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 modulates the host innate immune response. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:730-740. This report presents global transcription profiles of cells exposed to Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, demonstrating that this bacterium modulates the innate immune response of the host.
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Groeger D, O'Mahony L, Murphy EF, et al. Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 modulates host inflammatory processes beyond the gut. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:325-339. These authors demonstrate the ability of a single probiotic to reduce systemic proinflammatory biomarkers in both gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal conditions in humans.
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Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Oshima K, et al. Treg induction by a rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota. Nature 2013; 500:232-236. Seventeen bacterial strains were shown to act as a community in vivo and to provide bacterial antigens, and a TGF-b-rich environment to help expansion and differentiation of regulatory T cells.
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This study shows that dietary fermentable fiber and SCFAs can shape the immunological environment in the lung and influence the severity of allergic inflammation
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These authors showed that butyrate enhanced histone H3 acetylation in the promoter and conserved noncoding sequence regions of the Foxp3 locus, suggesting a novel mechanism for how microbial-derived butyrate regulates the differentiation of regulatory T cells
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Nature
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Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 induces TGF-b expression in dendritic cells and activates TLR2 signal to produce IgA in the small intestine
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Sakai F, Hosoya T, Ono-Ohmachi A, et al. Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 induces TGF-b expression in dendritic cells and activates TLR2 signal to produce IgA in the small intestine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105370.
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Regulatory B cells are induced by gut microbiota-driven interleukin-1b and interleukin-6 production
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This study shows that inflammatory signals induced by the gut flora result in increased numbers of B regulatory cells, which restrain excessive inflammation
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Rosser EC, Oleinika K, Tonon S, et al. Regulatory B cells are induced by gut microbiota-driven interleukin-1b and interleukin-6 production. Nat Med 2014. This study shows that inflammatory signals induced by the gut flora result in increased numbers of B regulatory cells, which restrain excessive inflammation.
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Rosser, E.C.1
Oleinika, K.2
Tonon, S.3
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Gut microbiota and allergy: The importance of the pregnancy period
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These authors suggest that a possible reason for the initial exposure of bacterial molecular patterns to the fetus in utero is to prime the immune system and the epithelium to respond appropriately to pathogens and commensals after birth
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Abrahamsson TR, Wu RY, Jenmalm MC. Gut microbiota and allergy: the importance of the pregnancy period. Pediatr Res 2014. These authors suggest that a possible reason for the initial exposure of bacterial molecular patterns to the fetus in utero is to prime the immune system and the epithelium to respond appropriately to pathogens and commensals after birth.
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Pediatr Res
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Abrahamsson, T.R.1
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Maternal influences on fetal microbial colonization and immune development
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