Tuberculosis in domestic animal species

Research in Veterinary Science

Volumn 97, Issue S, 2014, Pages S78-S85

  Pesciaroli, M ^a,b   Alvarez, J ^c   Boniotti, M B ^d   Cagiola, M ^e   Di Marco, V ^f   Marianelli, C ^a   Pacciarini, M ^d   Pasquali, P ^a  

^a ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^d ISTITUTO ZOOPROFILATTICO SPERIMENTALE DELLA LOMBARDIA E DELL EMILIA ROMAGNA   (Italy)

^e ISTITUTO ZOOPROFILATTICO SPERIMENTALE DELL UMBRIA E DELLE MARCHE   (Italy)

^f ISTITUTO ZOOPROFILATTICO SPERIMENTALE DELLA SICILIA A MIRRI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium caprae; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ARTIODACTYLA; BACTERIUM DETECTION; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BOVIDS; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; CAT; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DOG; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HORSE; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; INTERFERON GAMMA RELEASE ASSAY; INTRACUTANEOUS TEST; MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM; MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS; MYCOBACTERIUM CAPRAE; NONHUMAN; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SWINE; TUBERCULIN TEST; TUBERCULOSIS; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASES; GOAT; HOST RANGE; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NEW WORLD CAMELID; PATHOGENICITY; PIG; RUMINANT; SHEEP; TRANSMISSION; VETERINARY;

ANIMALIA; CAMELIDAE; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CAPRA HIRCUS; EQUIDAE; MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS; MYCOBACTERIUM CAPRAE; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; SUIDAE;

ANIMAL DISEASES; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; CAMELIDS, NEW WORLD; CATS; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; DOGS; GOATS; HORSES; HOST SPECIFICITY; MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; PREVALENCE; RUMINANTS; SHEEP; SUS SCROFA; TUBERCULOSIS;

EID: 84922431767     PISSN: 00345288     EISSN: 15322661     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.05.015     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Acha P.N., Szyfres B. Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals 1987, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC, Scientific Publication 503; 963 pp. 2nd ed.
2. Allen G.M. Tuberculosis in sheep - a very rare disease. Surveillance 1988, 15:8-9.
3. Alvarez J., de Juan J., Bezos J., Romero B., Sáez J.L., Reviriego Gordejo F.J., et al. Interference of paratuberculosis with the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a goat flock with a natural mixed infection. Veterinary Microbiology 2008, 128:72-80.
4. Alvarez J., Bezos J., Juan L.D., Vordermeier M., Rodriguez S., Fernandez-de-Mera I.G., et al. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in camelids: old problems, current solutions and future challenges. Transboundary and Emerging Disease 2012, 59:1-10.
5. Aranaz A., Liébana E., Pickering X., Novoa C., Mateos A., Domínguez L. Use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cats and dogs. The Veterinary Record 1996, 138:276-280.
6. Aranaz A., Gómez-Mampaso E., Galán J.C., Cousins D., Ortega A., Blázquez V., et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subsp. Caprae Subsp. Nov.: a taxonomic study of a new member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from goats in Spain. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1999, 49:1263-1273.
7. Aranaz A., De Juan L., Montero M., Sánchez C., Galka M., Delso C., et al. Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) in wildlife in Spain. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2004, 42:2602-2608.
8. Bailey S.S., Crawshaw T.R., Smith N.H., Palgrave C.J. Mycobacterium bovis infection in domestic pigs in Great Britain. Veterinary Journal 2013, 198:391-397.
9. Barlow A.M., Mitchell A.K., Visram K.H. Bovine tuberculosis in llama (Lama glama) in the UK. The Veterinary Record 1999, 145:639-640.
10. Bezos J., De Juan L., Romero B., Alvarez J., Mazzucchelli F., Mateos A., et al. Experimental infection with Mycobacterium caprae in goats and evaluation of immunological status in tuberculosis and paratuberculosis co-infected animals. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2010, 133:269-275.
11. Bezos J., Alvarez J., Romero B., Aranaz A., De Juan L. Tuberculosis in goats: assessment of current in vivo cell-mediated and antibody-based diagnostic assays. Veterinary Journal 2012, 191:161-165.
12. Bezos J., Casal C., Alvarez J., Díez-Guerrier A., Rodríguez-Bertos A., Romero B., et al. Evaluation of the performance of cellular and serological diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) herd naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2013, 111:304-313.
13. Biek R., O'Hare A., Wright D., Mallon T., McCormick C., Orton R.J., et al. Whole genome sequencing reveals local transmission patterns of Mycobacterium bovis in sympatric cattle and badger populations. PLoS Pathogens 2012, 8. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003008.
14. Biffa D., Skjerve E., Oloya J., Bogale A., Abebe F., Dahle U., et al. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from Ethiopian cattle. BMC Veterinary Research 2010, 6:28.
15. Boadella M., Lyashchenko K., Greenwald R., Esfandiari J., Jaroso R., Carta T., et al. Serologic tests for detecting antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in Eurasian wild boar (Sus Scrofa Scrofa). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2011, 23:77-83.
16. Bollo E., Ferroglio E., Dini V., Mignone W., Biolatti B., Rossi L. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in lymph nodes of wild boar (Sus scrofa) by a target-amplified test system. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health 2000, 47(5):337-342.
17. Bonovska M., Tzvetkov Y., Najdenski H., Bachvarova Y. PCR for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in experimentally infected dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Serie B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health 2005, 52:165-170.
18. Boukary A.R., Thys E., Rigouts L., Matthys F., Berkvens D., Mahamadou I., et al. Risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis strains in urban settings in Niger. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2012, 59:490-502.
19. British Governement http://www.gov.uk/government/news/cases-of-tb-in-domestic-cats-and-cat-to-human-transmission-risk-to-public-very-low.
20. Burthe S., Bennett M., Kipar A., Lambin X., Smith A., Telfer S., et al. Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium Microti) in wild fiel vole populations. Parasitology 2008, 135:309-317.
21. Cadmus S.I., Adesokan H.K., Jenkins A.O., van Soolingen D. Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis in goats, Nigeria. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2009, 15:2066-2067.
22. Co D.O., Hogan L.H., Kim S., Sandor M. Mycobacterial granulomas: keys to a long-lasting host-pathogen relationship. Clinical Immunology 2004, 113:130-136.
23. Corner L.A. The role of wild animal populations in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in domestic animals: how to sssess the risk. Veterinary Microbiology 2006, 112:303-312.
24. Corner L.A., Barrett R.H., Lepper A.W., Lewis V., Pearson C.W. A survey of mycobacteriosis of feral pigs in the Northern Territory. Australian Veterinary Journal 1981, 57:537-542.
25. Corner L.A., Murphy D., Gormley E. Mycobacterium bovis infection in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles): the disease, pathogenesis, epidemiology and control. Journal of Comparative Pathology 2011, 144:1-24.
26. Cousins D.V. Mycobacterium bovis Infection and control in domestic livestock. Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics) 2001, 20:71-85.
27. Cousins D.V., Corner L.A., Tolson J., Jone S., Wood P. Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis from Australia: Key Management and Technical Aspects 1998, (D.V. Cousins & L.A. Corner, eds), Commonwealth Serum Laboratories Ltd, Melbourne, 45 pp.
28. Crawshaw T., Daniel R., Clifton-Hadley R., Clark J., Evans H., Rolfe S., et al. TB in goats caused by Mycobacterium bovis. The Veterinary Record 2008, 163:127.
29. de Lisle G.W., Collins D.M., Loveday A.S., Young W.A., Julian A.F. A report of tuberculosis in cats in New Zealand, and the examination of strains of Mycobacterium bovis by DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 1990, 38:10-13.
30. Daniel R., Evans H., Rolfe S., de la Rua-Domenech R., Crawshaw T., Higgins R.J., et al. Outbreak of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in golden Guernsey goats in Great Britain. The Veterinary Record 2009, 165:335-342.
31. D'Alterio G.L., Knowles T.G., Eknaes E.I., Loevland I.E., Foster A.P. Postal survey of the population of South American camelids in the United Kingdom in 2000/01. The Veterinary Record 2006, 158:86-90.
32. Di Marco V., Mazzone P., Capucchio M.T., Boniotti M.B., Aronica V., Russo M., et al. Epidemiological significance of the Domestic Black Pig (Sus Scrofa) in maintenance of bovine tuberculosis in Sicily. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2012, 50:1209-1218.
33. Divangahi M., Behar S.M., Remold H. Dying to live: how the death modality of the infected macrophage affects immunity to tuberculosis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2013, 783:103-120.
34. EFSA Scientific Report of EFSA: The Community Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-borne Outbreaks in the European Union in 2008 411-436. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/it/efsajournal/pub/1496.htm.
35. Ellis M.D., Davies S., McCandlish I.A.P., Monies R., Jahans K., de la Rua-Domenech R. Mycobacterium bovis infection in a dog. The Veterinary Record 2006, 159:46-48.
36. Emmanuel X.F., Seagar A.L., Doig C., Rayner A., Claxton P., Laurenson I. Human and animal infections with Mycobacterium Microti, Scotland. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2007, 13:1924-1927.
37. Ereqat S., Nasereddin A., Levine H., Azmi K., Al-Jawabreh A., Greenblatt C.L., Abdeen Z., Bar-Gal G.K. First-time detection of Mycobacterium bovis in livestock tissues and milk in the West Bank, Palestinian Territories. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2013, 7:e2417. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002417FIE.
38. Erwin P.C., Bemis D.A., Mawby D.I., McCombs S.B., Sheeler L.L., Himelright I.M., et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from human to canine. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2004, 10:2258-2260.
39. Fenton K.A., Fitzgerald S.D., Kaneene J.B., Kruger J.M., Greenwald R., Lyashchenko K.P. Comparison of three immunodiagnostic assays for ante mortem detection of Mycobacterium bovis stimulation in domestic cats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2010, 22:724-729.
40. Fitzgerald S.D., Kaneene J.B. Wildlife reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis worldwide: hosts, pathology, surveillance, and control. Veterinary Patholology 2013, 50:488-499.
41. García-Bocanegra I., Barranco I., Rodríguez-Gómez I.M., Pérez B., Gómez-Laguna J., Rodríguez S., et al. Tuberculosis in alpacas (Lama Pacos) caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2010, 48:1960-1964.
42. Gay G., Burbidge H.M., Bennett P., Fenwick S.G., Dupont C., Murray A., et al. Pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis infection in a dog. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 2000, 48:78-81.
43. Gortazar C., Vicente J., Boadella M., Ballesteros C., Galindo R.C., Garrido J., et al. Progress in the control of bovine tuberculosis in Spanish wildlife. Veterinary Microbiology 2011, 151:170-178.
44. Green C.E., Gunn-Moore D.A. Mycobacterial infection. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat 2006, 462-477. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. C.E. Greene (Ed.).
45. Gumi B., Schelling E., Firdessa R., Aseffa A., Tschopp R., Yamuah L., et al. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in pastoral cattle herds in the Oromia Region, Southern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2011, 43:1081-1087.
46. Gunn-Moore D.A., Jenkins P.A., Lucke V.M. Feline tuberculosis: a literature review and discussion of 19 cases caused by an unusual mycobacterial variant. The Veterinary Record 1996, 138:53-58.
47. Gunn-Moore D.A., McFarland S.E., Brewer J.I., Crawshaw T.R., Clifton-Hadley R.S., Kovalik M., et al. Mycobacterial disease in cats in Great Britain: I. Culture results, geographical distribution and clinical presentation of 339 cases. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 2011, 13:934-944.
48. Gunn-Moore D.A., Gaunt C., Shaw D.J. Incidence of mycobacterial infections in cats in Great Britain: estimate from feline tissue samples submitted to diagnostic laboratories. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2013, 60:338-344.
49. Gutiérrez M., Tellechea J., García Marín J.F. Evaluation of cellular and serological diagnostic tests for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis-infected goats. Veterinary Microbiology 1998, 62:281-290.
50. Haydon D.T., Cleaveland S., Taylor L.H., Laurenson M.K. Identifying reservoirs of infection: a conceptual and practical challenge. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002, 8(12):1468-1473. PMID: 12498665.
51. Hawthorne V.M., Jarrett W.F.H., Lauder I., Martin W.B., Roberts G.B.S. Tuberculosis in man, dog, and cat. British Medical Journal 1957, 2(5046):675-678.
52. Hiko A., Agga G.E. First-time detection of Mycobacterium species from goats in Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2011, 43:133-139.
53. Houlihan M.G., Williams S.J., Poff J.D. Mycobacterium bovis isolated from a sheep during routine surveillance. The Veterinary Record 2008, 163:94-95.
54. Isaac J., Whitehead J., Adams J.W., Barton M.D., Coloe P. An outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cats in an animal house. Australian Veterinary Journal 1983, 60:243-245.
55. Jaroso R., Vicente J., Fernandez-de-Mera I.G., Aranaz A., Gortazar C. Eurasian wild boar response to skin-testing with mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial antigens. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2010, 96:211-217.
56. Jennings A.R. The distribution of tuberculous lesions in the dog and cat, with reference to the pathogenesis. The Veterinary Record 1949, 61:380-385.
57. Kaneene J.B., Bruning-Fann C.S., Dunn J., Mullaney T.P., Berry D., Massey J.P., et al. Epidemiologic investigation of Mycobacterium bovis in a population of cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 2002, 63:1507-1511.
58. Kassa G.M., Abebe F., Worku Y., Legesse M., Medhin G., Bjune G., et al. Tuberculosis in goats and sheep in Afar pastoral region of Ethiopia and isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from goat. Veterinary Medicine International 2012, 2012:869146. 10.1155/2012/869146.
59. Keck N., Dutruel H., Smyej F., Nodet M., Boschiroli M.L. Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in a Camargue horse. The Veterinary Record 2010, 166:499-500.
60. Kinne J., Johnson B., Jahans K.L., Smith N.H., Ul-Haq A., Wernery U. Camel tuberculosis - a case report. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2006, 38:207-213.
61. Lloret A., Hartmann K., Pennisi M.G., Gruffydd-Jones T., Addie D., Belák S., et al. Mycobacterioses in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 2013, 15:591-597.
62. Lovell R., White E.G. Naturally-occurring tuberculosis in dogs and some other species of animals. The British Journal of Tuberculosis 1941, 35:28-40.
63. Lyashchenko K.P., Greenwald R., Esfandiari J., Meylan M., Burri I.H., Zanolari P. Antibody responses in New World Camelids with tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium microti. Veterinary Microbiology 2007, 125:265-273.
64. Lyashchenko K.P., Greenwald R., Esfandiari J., Rhodes S., Dean G., de la Rua-Domenech R., et al. Diagnostic value of animal-side antibody assays for rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti infection in South American Camelids. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 2011, 18:2143-2147.
65. Malik R., Wigney D.I., Dawson D., Martin P., Hunt G.B., Love D.N. Infection of the subcutis and skin of cats with rapidly growing Mycobacteria: a review of microbiological and clinical findings. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 2000, 2:35-48.
66. Malone F.E., Wilson E.C., Pollock J.M., Skuce R.A. Investigations into an outbreak of tuberculosis in a flock of sheep in contact with tuberculous cattle. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health 2003, 50:500-504.
67. Mamo G., Kassaye A., Sanni A., Ameni G. A cross sectional study of camel tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa 2009, 57:13-20.
68. Mamo G., Bayleyegn G., Tessema T.S., Legesse M., Medhin G., Bjune G., et al. Pathology of camel tuberculosis and molecular characterization of its causative agents in pastoral regions of Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e15862. 10.1371/journal.pone.0015862.
69. Marianelli C., Cifani N., Capucchio M.T., Fiasconaro M., Russo M., La Mancusa F., et al. A case of generalized bovine tuberculosis in a sheep. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2010, 22:445-448.
70. Martín-Hernando M.P., Höfle U., Vicente J., Ruiz-Fons F., Vidal D., Barral M., Garrido J.M., de la Fuente J., Gortazar C. Lesions sssociated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in the European wild boar. Tuberculosis 2007, 87:360-367.
71. Martinho A.P., Franco M.M., Ribeiro M.G., Perrotti I.B., Mangia S.H., Megid J., et al. Disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a dog. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2013, 88:596-600.
72. Monies R.J., Cranwell M.P., Palmer N., Inwald J., Hewinson R.G., Rule B. Bovine tuberculosis in domestic cats. The Veterinary Record 2000, 146:407-408.
73. Monreal L., Segura D., Segalés J., Garrido J.M., Prades M. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in a mare. The Veterinary Record 2001, 149:712-714.
74. Muñoz Mendoza M., De Juan L., Menéndez S., Ocampo S.A., Jorge Mourelo J., Sáez J.L., et al. Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae in sheep. The Veterinary Journal 2012, 191:267-269.
75. Mustafa I.E. Bacterial disease of Dromedaries and Bacterian Camels. Revue Scientifique et Technique Office Internationale des Epizooties 1987, 6:391-405.
76. Naima S., Borna M., Bakir M., Djamel Y., Fadila B., Jakob Z., Djamel G. Tuberculosis in cattle and goats in the North of Algeria. Veterinary Research 2011, 4:100-103.
77. Napp S., Allepuz A., Mercader I., Nofrarías M., López-Soria S., Domingo M., et al. Evidence of goats acting as domestic reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis. The Veterinary Record 2013, 172:663.
78. Naranjo V., Christian Gortazar C., Vicente J., De La Fuente J. Evidence of the role of European wild boar as a reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Veterinary Microbiology 2008, 127:1-9.
79. Nugent G. Maintenance, spillover and spillback transmission of bovine tuberculosis in multi-host wildlife complexes: a New Zealand case study. Veterinary Microbiology 2011, 151:34-42.
80. Nugent G., Yockney I.J., Whitford E.J. Intraspecific transmission of Mycobacterium bovis among penned feral pigs in New Zealand. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2011, 47:364-372.
81. OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2012, vol. 2. Section 2.4, Chapter 2.4.7.
82. Orr C.M., Kelly D.F., Lucke V.M. Tuberculosis in cats: a report of two cases. The Journal of Small Animal Practice 1980, 21:247-253.
83. O'Reilly L.M., Daborn C.J. The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections in animals and man: a review. Tubercle and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 1995, 76(Suppl. 1):1-46.
84. Palgrave C.J., Benato L., Eatwell K., Laurenson I.F., Smith N.H. Mycobacterium microti infection in two Meerkats (Suricata Suricatta). Journal of Comparative Pathology 2012, 146:278-282.
85. Paling R.W., Waghela S., Macowan K.J., Heath B.R. The occurrence of infectious diseases in mixed farming of domesticated wild herbivores and livestock in Kenya. II. Bacterial diseases. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1988, 24:308-316.
86. Palmer M.V. Mycobacterium bovis: characteristics of wildlife reservoir hosts. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2013, 60(Suppl. 1):1-13.
87. Palmer M.V., Waters W.R. Advances in bovine tuberculosis diagnosis and pathogenesis: what policymakers need to know. Veterinary Microbiology 2006, 112:181-190.
88. Palmer M.V., Thacker T.C., Waters W.R., Gortázar C., Corner L.A. Mycobacterium bovis: a model pathogen at the interface of livestock, wildlife, and humans. Veterinary Medicine International 2012, 2012:236205. 10.1155/2012/236205.
89. Panteix G., Gutierrez M.C., Boschiroli M.L., Rouviere M., Plaidy A., Pressac D., et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium microti: a study of six recent cases in France. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2010, 59:984-989.
90. Parra A., Fernández-Llario P., Tato A., Larrasa J., García A., Alonso J.M.M., et al. Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections of pigs and wild boars using a molecular approach. Veterinary Microbiology 2003, 97:123-133.
91. Parsons S.D., Warren R.M., Ottenhoff T.H., Gey van Pittius N.C., van Helden P.D. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in dogs in a high-risk setting. Research in Veterinary Science 2012, 92:414-419.
92. Pavlik I., Ayele W.Y., Parmova I., Melicharek I., Hanzlikova M., Körmendy B., et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animal and human populations in six Central European countries during 1990-1999. Veterinarni Medicina 2003, 48:83-89. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/48-4-83.pdf.
93. Pavlik I., Jahn P., Dvorska L., Bartos M., Novotny L., Halouzka R. Mycobacterial infections in horses: a review of the literature. Veterinarni Medicina - UZPI 2004, 49:427-440. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/49-11-427.pdf.
94. Pesciaroli M., Russo M., Mazzone P., Aronica V., Fiasconaro M., Boniotti M.B., et al. Evaluation of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay to diagnose Mycobacterium bovis infection in pigs. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2012, 148:369-372.
95. Quintas H., Reis J., Pires I., Alegria N. Tuberculosis in goats. The Veterinary Record 2010, 166:437-438.
96. Ragg J.R., Mackintosh C.G., Moller H. The scavenging behaviour of ferrets (Mustela furo), feral cats (Felis domesticus), possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and harrier hawks (Circus aproximans) on pastoral farmland in New Zealand: implications for bovine tuberculosis. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 2000, 48:166-175.
97. Renwick A.R., White P.C., Bengis R.G. Bovine tuberculosis in southern African wildlife: a multi-species host-pathogen system. Epidemiology and Infection 2007, 135:529-540.
98. Rhodes S., Holder T., Clifford D., Dexter I., Brewer J., Smith N., et al. Evaluation of gamma interferon and antibody tuberculosis tests in alpacas. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 2012, 19:1677-1683.
99. Rhodes S.G., Gruffydd-Jones T., Gunn-Mooore D., Keith Jahans K. Adaptation of IFN-gamma ELISA and ELISPOT tests for feline tuberculosis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2008, 124:379-384.
100. Rhodes S.G., Gunn-Mooore D., Boschiroli M.L., Schiller I., Esfandiari J., Greenwald R., et al. Comparative study of IFN-γ and antibody tests for feline tuberculosis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2011, 144:129-134.
101. Roberts T., O'Connor C., Nuñez-Garcia J., de la Rua-Domenech R., Smith N.H. Unusual cluster of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cats. The Veterinary Record 2014, 174:326.
102. Ryan E.G., Dwyer P.J., Connolly D.J., Fagan J., Costello E., More S.J. Tuberculosis in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. 1. A clinical report. Irish Veterinary Journal 2008, 61:527-531.
103. Santos N., Correia-Neves M., Ghebremichael S., Källenius G., Svenson S.B., Almeida V. Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Portugal. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2009, 45:1048-1061.
104. Serraino A., Marchetti G., Sanguinetti V., Rossi M.C., Zanoni R.G., Catozzi L., et al. Monitoring of transmission of tuberculosis between wild boars and cattle: genotypical analysis of strains by molecular epidemiology techniques. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1999, 37:2766-2771.
105. Shanahan A., Good M., Duignan A., Curtin T., More S.J. Tuberculosis in goats on a farm in Ireland: epidemiological investigation and control. The Veterinary Record 2011, 168:485.
106. Sharpe A.E., Brady C.P., Johnson A.J., Byrne W., Kenny K., Costello E. Concurrent outbreak of tuberculosis and caseous lymphadenitis in a goat herd. The Veterinary Record 2010, 166:591-592.
107. Shrikrishna D., de la Rua-Domenech R., Smith N.H., Colloff A., Coutts I. Human and canine pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis infection in the same household: re-emergence of an old zoonotic threat?. Thorax 2009, 64:89-91.
108. Smith N.H., Crawshaw T., Parry J., Birtles R.J. Mycobacterium microti: more diverse than previously thought. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2009, 47:2551-2559.
109. Snider W.R. Tuberculosis in canine and feline populations. Review of the literature. The American Review of Respiratory Disease 1971, 104:877-887.
110. Snider W.R., Cohen D., Reif J.S., Stein S.C., Prier J.E. Tuberculosis in canine and feline populations. Study of high risk populations in Pennsylvania, 1966-1968. The American Review of Respiratory Disease 1971, 104:866-876.
111. Stevens J.B., Thoen C.O., Rohonczy E.B., Tessaro S., Kelly H.A., Duncan J.R. The immunological response of Llamas (Lama glama) following experimental infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research Revue Canadienne de Recherche Veterinaire 1998, 62:102-109.
112. Tafess K., Dawo F., Sori T., Ameni G. Prevalence of caprine tuberculosis in Mid-Rift Valley area of Oromia, Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research 2011, 5:1473-1478.
113. Tag el Din M.H., Nour Gamaan I. Tuberculosis in sheep in the Sudan. Tropical Animal Health and Production 1982, 14:26.
114. Thorel M.F., Huchzermeyer H., Michel A.L. Mycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare infection in mammals. Review Science and Technology Office Internationale des Epizooties 2001, 20:204-218.
115. Tschopp R., Aseffa A., Schelling E., Berg F., Hailu E., Gadisa E., et al. Bovine tuberculosis at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in Hamer Woreda, South Omo, Southern Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:7. 10.1371/journal.pone.0012205.
116. Tschopp R., Bobosha K., Aseffa A., Schelling E., Habtamu M., Iwnetu R., et al. Bovine tuberculosis at a cattle-small ruminant-human interface in Meskan, Gurage Region, Central Ethiopia. BMC Infectious Diseases 2011, 11:318.
117. Twomey D.F., Higgins R.J., Worth D.R., Okker M., Gover K., Nabb E.J., et al. Cutaneous TB Caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a veterinary surgeon following exposure to a tuberculous alpaca (Vicugna pacos). The Veterinary Record 2010, 166:175-177.
118. Twomey D.F., Collins R., Cranwell M.P., Crawshaw T.R., Higgins R.J., Dean G.S., et al. Controlling tuberculosis in a Llama (Lama glama) herd using clinical signs, tuberculin skin testing and serology. Veterinary Journal 2012, 192:246-248.
119. van der Burgt G.M., Crawshaw T., Foster A.P., Denny D.J., Schock A. Mycobacterium bovis infection in dogs. The Veterinary Record 2009, 165(21):634.
120. van der Burgt G.M., Drummond F., Crawshaw T., Morris S. An outbreak of tuberculosis in Lleyn sheep in the UK associated with clinical signs. The Veterinary Record 2013, 19, 172(3):69. 10.1136/vr.101048.
121. Vicente J., Höfle U., Garrido J.M., Fernández-De-Mera I.G., Ramón Juste R., Barral M., et al. Wild boar and red deer display high prevalences of tuberculosis-like lesions in Spain. Veterinary Research 2006, 37:107-119.
122. Wernery U., Kinne J., Jahans K.L., Vordermeier H.M., Esfandiari J., Greenwald R., et al. Tuberculosis outbreak in a dromedary racing herd and rapid serological detection of infected camels. Veterinary Microbiology 2007, 122:108-115.
123. Wilkins M.J., Bartlett P.C., Berry D.E., Perry R.L., Fitzgerald S.D., Bernardo T.M., et al. Absence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in dogs and cats residing on infected cattle farms: Michigan, 2002. Epidemiology and Infection 2008, 136:1617-1623.
124. Willemse A., Beijer E.G. [Bovine tuberculosis in a cat (author's transl)]. Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde 1979, 104:717-721.
125. Zanardi G., Boniotti M., Gaffuri A., Casto B., Zanoni M., Pacciarini M. Tuberculosis transmission by Mycobacterium bovis in a mixed cattle and goat herd. Research in Veterinary Science 2013, 2011-2014.
126. Zanolari P., Robert P.N., Lyashchenko K.P., Pfyffer G.E., Greenwald R., Esfandiari J., et al. Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium microti in South American Camelids. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2009, 23:1266-1272.
127. Zumárraga M.J., Martínez Vivot M., Marticorena D., Bernardelli A., Fasán R., Iachini R., et al. Mycobacterium bovis in Argentina: isolates from cats typified by spoligotyping. Revista Argentina de Microbiología 2009, 41:215-217.