Comprehensive treatment of psoriatic arthritis: Managing comorbidities and extraarticular manifestations

Journal of Rheumatology

Volumn 41, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 2315-2322

  Ogdie, Alexis ^a   Schwartzman, Sergio ^b   Eder, Lihi ^c   Maharaj, Ajesh B ^d,e   Zisman, Devy ^f   Raychaudhuri, Siba P ^g,h   Reddy, Soumya M ⁱ   Husni, Elaine ^j  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b HOSPITAL FOR SPECIAL SURGERY   (United States)

^c TORONTO WESTERN HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^e UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^f CARMEL MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^g KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^j LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Autoimmune ophthalmic disease; Cardiovascular; Diabetes; Disease obesity; Metabolic syndrome; Osteoporosis

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; BRIAKINUMAB; CORTICOSTEROID; DISEASE MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUG; ETANERCEPT; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; LEFLUNOMIDE; METHOTREXATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR; USTEKINUMAB; ZOLEDRONIC ACID;

ARTICLE; BLEPHARITIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CONJUNCTIVITIS; CROHN DISEASE; EPISCLERITIS; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; KERATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; LOW DRUG DOSE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NEPHROTOXICITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NON MELANOMA SKIN CANCER; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSORIASIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; SCLERITIS; SOLID TUMOR; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; UVEITIS; VACCINATION; ARTHRITIS, PSORIATIC; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE; LIVER DISEASES; MALE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROCEDURES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ARTHRITIS, PSORIATIC; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMORBIDITY; COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH CARE; DIABETES MELLITUS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIVER DISEASES; MALE; OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PSORIASIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84922413739     PISSN: 0315162X     EISSN: 14992752     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.140882     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Shang Q, Tam LS, Sanderson J.E., Sun JP, Li EK, Yu CM. Increase in ventricular-arterial stiffness in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology 2012; 51:2215-23.
2. Shang Q, Tarn LS, Yip G.W., Sanderson JE, Zhang Q, Li EK, et al. High prevalence of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:1363-70.
3. Eder L, Jayakar J, Shanmugarajah S., Thavaneswaran A, Pereira D, Chandran V., et al. The burden of carotid artery plaques is higher in patients with psoriatic arthritis compared with those with psoriasis alone. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:715-20.
4. Lin YC, Dalai D, Churton S., Brennan DM, Korman NJ, Kim ES, et al. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and carotid intima-media thickness: Cross-sectional comparison between psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2014; 66:97-103.
5. Jamnitski A, Symmons D, Peters M.J., Sattar N., Mclnnes I, Nurmohamed MT Cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:211-6.
6. Husted JA, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V., Eder L, Rosen CF, Cook R.J., et al. Cardiovascular and other comorbidities in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A comparison with patients with psoriasis. Arthritis Care Res 2011; 63:1729-35.
7. Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ. The association between psoriasis and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Hypertens 2013; 31:433-43.
8. Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, Dhillon J.S., Armstrong EJ. Psoriasis and smoking: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:304-14.
9. Li W, Han J, Qureshi AA. Obesity and risk of incident psoriatic arthritis in US women. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71:1267-72.
10. Kumar S, Han J, Li T., Qureshi AA. Obesity, waist circumference, weight change and the risk of psoriasis in US women. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 27:1293-8.
11. Love TJ, Zhu Y, Zhang Y., Wall-Burns L, Ogdie A, Gelfand J.M., et al. Obesity and the risk of psoriatic arthritis: A population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71:1273-7.
12. Soltani-Arabshahi R, Wong B, Feng B.J., Goldgar DE, Duffin KC, Krueger GG. Obesity in early adulthood as a risk factor for psoriatic arthritis. Arch Dermatol 2010; 146:721-6.
13. Sharma A, Gopalakrishnan D, Kumar R., Vijayvergiya R, Dogra S. Metabolic syndrome in psoriatic arthritis patients: A cross-sectional study. Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 16:667-73.
14. Dreiher J, Freud T, Cohen AD. Psoriatic arthritis and diabetes: A population-based cross-sectional study. Dermatol Res Pract 2013; 2013:580404.
15. Coto-Segura P, Eiris-Salvado N, Gonzalez-Lara L, Queiro-Silva R, Martinez-Camblor P, Maldonado-Seral C, et al. Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:783-93.
16. Boehncke S, Salgo R, Garbaraviciene J., Beschmann H, Hardt K, Diehl S., et al. Effective continuous systemic therapy of severe plaque-type psoriasis is accompanied by amelioration of biomarkers of cardiovascular risk: Results of a prospective longitudinal observational study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:1187-93.
17. Li WQ, Han JL, Chan A.T., Qureshi AA. Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and increased risk of incident Crohn's disease in US women. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1200-5.
18. Scarpa R, Manguso F, D'Arienzo A, D'Armiento FP, Astarita C, Mazzacca G., et al. Microscopic inflammatory changes in colon of patients with both active psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis without bowel symptoms. J Rheumatol 2000; 27:1241-6.
19. Lambert JR, Wright V. Eye inflammation in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1976; 35:354-6.
20. Altan-Yaycioglu R, Akova YA, Kart H, Cetinkaya A., Yilmaz G, Ay din P. Posterior scleritis in psoriatic arthritis. Retina 2003; 23:717-9.
21. Lima FB, Abalem MF, Ruiz D.G., Gomes B de A, Azevedo MN, Moraes HV Jr, et al. Prevalence of eye disease in Brazilian patients with psoriatic arthritis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:249-53.
22. Zeboulon N, Dougados M, Gossec L. Prevalence and characteristics of uveitis in the spondyloarthropathies: A systematic literature review. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67:955-9.
23. Reddy SM, Anandarajah AP, Fisher M.C., Mease PJ, Greenberg JD, Kremer JM, et al. Comparative analysis of disease activity measures, use of biologic agents, body mass index, radiographic features, and bone density in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients followed in a large U.S. disease registry. J Rheumatol 2010; 37:2566-72.
24. Teichmann J, Voglau MJ, Lange U. Antibodies to human tissue transglutaminase and alterations of vitamin D metabolism in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2010; 30:1559-63.
25. Gross R, Schwartzman-Morris J, Krathen M., Reed G, Chang H, Saunders K.C., et al. The risk of malignancy in a large cohort of patients with psoriatic arthritis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63 Suppl: S195.
26. Hellgren K, Smedby K, Baecklund E. Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and risk of malignant lymphoma: A cohort study based on nationwide prospectively recorded data from Sweden. Arthritis Rheum 2014; 66:1282-90.
27. Madanagobalane S, Anandan S. The increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in psoriatic patients: A study from South India. Australas J Dermatol 2012; 53:190-7.
28. Miele L, Vallone S, Cefalo C., La Torre G, Di Stasi C, Vecchio FM, et al. Prevalence, characteristics and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Hepatol 2009; 51:778-86.
29. Gisondi P, Targher G, Zoppini G., Girolomoni G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Hepatol 2009; 51:758-64.
30. Wan J, Wang S, Haynes K., Denburg MR, Shin DB, Gelfand JM. Risk of moderate to advanced kidney disease in patients with psoriasis: Population based cohort study. BMJ 2013; 347:f5961.
31. Haroon M, Adeeb F, Devlin J., O Gradaigh D, Walker F. A comparative study of renal dysfunction in patients with inflammatory arthropathies: Strong association with cardiovascular diseases and not with anti-rheumatic therapies, inflammatory markers or duration of arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2011; 14:255-60.
32. Perez-Alvarez R, Diaz-Lagares C, Garcia-Hernandez F, Lopez-Roses L, Brito-Zeron P, Perez-de-Lis M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-targeted therapy: Analysis of 257 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2011; 90:359-71.
33. Singh JA, Furst DE, Bharat A, Curtis J.R., Kavanaugh AF, Kremer JM, et al. 2012 update of the 2008 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2012; 64:625-39.
34. Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, Davies E.G., Avery R., Tomblyn M, et al. 2013 IDS A clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:e44-100.
35. van Assen S, Agmon-Levin N, Elkayam O., Cervera R, Doran MF, Dougados M, et al. EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:414-22.
36. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years and Older - United States, 2013. 2013 [Internet; accessed August 7, 2014.]; Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6201a3.htm
37. Coates LC, Kavanaugh A, Ritchlin C.T., for the GRAPPA Treatment Guideline Committee. Systematic review of treatments for psoriatic arthritis: 2014 update. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:2273-6.
38. American Heart Association, Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations 2014 [Internet. Accessed August 7, 2014]; Available from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/HealthyEating/The-American-Heart-Associations-Diet-and-Life-style-Recommendations-UCM-305855-Article.jsp
39. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, Graham I., Reiner Z, Verschuren M, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1635-701.
40. Recarti C, Unger T. Prevention of coronary artery disease: Recent advances in the management of hypertension. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013; 15:311.
41. James PA, Oparil S, Carter B.L., Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311:507-20.
42. Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen M.R., Wiklund O., et al. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J 2011; 32:1769-818.
43. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein A.H., Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Smith SC Jr, et al.; 2013 ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guideline Panel. Treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in adults: synopsis of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guideline. Ann Intern Med 2014; 160:339-43.
44. Semb AG, Kvien TK, DeMicco D.A., Fayyad R., Wun CC, LaRosa JC, et al. Effect of intensive lipid-lowering therapy on cardiovascular outcome in patients with and those without inflammatory joint disease. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64:2836-46.
45. Boehncke WH, Boehncke S, Tobin A.M., Kirby B. The 'psoriatic march': A concept of how severe psoriasis may drive cardiovascular comorbidity. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:303-7.
46. Guin A, Chatterjee Adhikari M, Chakraborty S, Sinhamahapatra P., Ghosh A. Effects of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction which has been detected in early rheumatoid arthritis: 1-year follow-up study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:48-54.
47. Chen YJ, Chang YT, Shen J.L., Chen TT, Wang CB, Chen CM, et al. Association between systemic antipsoriatic drugs and cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis with or without psoriatic arthritis: A nationwide cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64:1879-87.
48. Lan CC, Ko YC, Yu H.S., Wu CS, Li WC, Lu YW, et al. Methotrexate reduces the occurrence of cerebrovascular events among Taiwanese psoriatic patients: A nationwide population-based study. Acta Derm Venereol 2012; 92:349-52.
49. Wu JJ, Poon KY, Channual J.C., Shen AY. Association between tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy and myocardial infarction risk in patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 2012; 148:1244-50.
50. Wu JJ, Poon KY, Bebchuk JD. Association between the type and length of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy and myocardial infarction risk in patients with psoriasis. J Drugs Dermatol 2013; 12:899-903.
51. Dommasch ED, Troxel AB, Gelfand JM. Major cardiovascular events associated with anti-IL 12/23 agents: A tale of two meta-analyses. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 68:863-5.
52. Lebwohl M. Interleukin 12/23 agents and major adverse cardiovascular events. Arch Dermatol 2012; 148:1329.
53. Ryan C, Leonardi CL, Krueger J.G., Kimball AB, Strober BE, Gordon KB, et al. Association between biologic therapies for chronic plaque psoriasis and cardiovascular events: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2011; 306:864-71.
54. Tzellos T, Kyrgidis A, Zouboulis CC. Re-evaluation of the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients treated with anti-IL-12/23 biological agents for chronic plaque psoriasis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 27:622-7.
55. Chung ES, Packer M, Lo K.H., Fasanmade AA, Willerson JT. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure: Results of the anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure (ATTACH) trial. Circulation 2003; 107:3133-40.
56. Wolfe F, Michaud K. Heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis: Rates, predictors, and the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Am J Med 2004; 116:305-11.
57. Jain A, Singh JA. Harms of TNF inhibitors in rheumatic diseases: A focused review of the literature. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:265-99.
58. Gisondi P, Cotena C, Tessari G., Girolomoni G. Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy increases body weight in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: A retrospective cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:341-4.
59. Prignano F, Ricceri F, Pescitelli L., Buggiani G, Troiano M, Zanieri F., et al. Comparison of body weight and clinical-parameter changes following the treatment of plaque psoriasis with biological therapies. Curr Med Res Opin 2009; 25:2311-6.
60. Saraceno R, Schipani C, Mazzotta A., Esposito M, Di Renzo L, De Lorenzo A, et al. Effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapies on body mass index in patients with psoriasis. Pharmacol Res 2008; 57:290-5.
61. di Minno MN, Peluso R, Iervolino S., Lupoli R, Russolillo A, Scarpa R., et al. Obesity and the prediction of minimal disease activity: A prospective study in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2013; 65:141-7.
62. Costa L, Caso F, Atteno M., Del Puente A, Darda MA, Caso P, et al. Impact of 24-month treatment with etanercept, adalimumab, or methotrexate on metabolic syndrome components in a cohort of 210 psoriatic arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:833-9.
63. Eder L, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V., Cook RJ, Gladman DD. Obesity is associated with a lower probability of achieving sustained minimal disease activity state among patients with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014 Jan 15 [Epub ahead of print]
64. Di Minno MN, Peluso R, Iervolino S., Lupoli R, Russolillo A, Tarantino G., et al. Hepatic steatosis, carotid plaques and achieving MDA in psoriatic arthritis patients starting TNF-alpha blockers treatment: A prospective study. Arthritis ResTher 2012; 14:R211.
65. Montaudie H, Sbidian E, Paul C., Maza A, Gallini A, Aractingi S., et al. Methotrexate in psoriasis: A systematic review of treatment modalities, incidence, risk factors and monitoring of liver toxicity. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25 Suppl 2:12-8.
66. Cassano N, Galluccio A, De Simone C, Loconsole F, Massimino S.D., Plumari A., et al. Influence of body mass index, comorbidities and prior systemic therapies on the response of psoriasis to adalimumab: An exploratory analysis from the APHRODITE data. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2008; 22:233-7.
67. Solomon DH, Love TJ, Canning C, Schneeweiss S. Risk of diabetes among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:2114-7.
68. Solomon DH, Massarotti E, Garg R., Liu J, Canning C, Schneeweiss S. Association between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and diabetes risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. JAMA 2011; 305:2525-31.
69. Bernstein CN, Wajda A, Blanchard JF. The clustering of other chronic inflammatory diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based study. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:827-36.
70. Yates VM, Watkinson G, Kelman A. Further evidence for an association between psoriasis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Br J Dermatol 1982; 106:323-30.
71. Talley NJ, Abreu MT, Achkar J.P., Bernstein CN, Dubinsky MC, Hanauer SB, et al. An evidence-based systematic review on medical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106 Suppl 1 S2-25; quiz S6.
72. Lim LL, Fraunfelder FW, Rosenbaum JT. Do tumor necrosis factor inhibitors cause uveitis? A registry-based study. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56:3248-52.
73. Cleynen I, Vermeire S. Paradoxical inflammation induced by anti-TNF agents in patients with IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 9:496-503.
74. Fiorino G, Danese S, Pariente B., Allez M. Paradoxical immune-mediated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha agents. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:15-9.
75. Bonner GF, Walczak M, Kitchen L., Bayona M. Tolerance of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1946-8.
76. Felder JB, Korelitz BI, Rajapakse R, Schwarz S., Horatagis AP, Gleim G. Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1949-54.
77. Au SC, Yaniv S, Gottleib A. Psoriatic eye manifestations. Psoriasis Forum 2011; 17:169-79.
78. Servat JJ, Mears KA, Black E.H., Huang JJ. Biological agents for the treatment of uveitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:311-28.
79. Kruh J, Foster CS. The philosophy of treatment of uveitis: Past, present and future. Dev Ophthalmol 2012; 51:1-6.
80. Martel JN, Esterberg E, Nagpal A., Acharya NR. Infliximab and adalimumab for uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012; 20:18-26.
81. Zannin ME, Birolo C, Gerloni V.M., Miserocchi E., Pontikaki I, Paroli MP, et al. Safety and efficacy of infliximab and adalimumab for refractory uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: 1-year followup data from the Italian Registry. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:74-9.
82. Smith JA, Thompson DJ, Whitcup S.M., Suhler E., Clarke G, Smith S, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial of etanercept for the treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 53:18-23.
83. Grossman JM, Gordon R, Ranganath V.K., Deal C., Caplan L, Chen W, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res 2010; 62:1515-26.
84. McQueen F, Lloyd R, Doyle A., Robinson E, Lobo M, Exeter M., et al. Zoledronic acid does not reduce MRI erosive progression in PsA but may suppress bone oedema: The Zoledronic Acid in Psoriatic Arthritis (ZAPA) Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:1091-4.
85. Dimitroulas T, Nikas SN, Trontzas P, Kitas GD. Biologic therapies and systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:958-66.
86. Rohekar S, Tom BD, Hassa A, Schentag C.T., Farewell VT, Gladman DD. Prevalence of malignancy in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58:82-7.
87. Ogdie A, Maliha S, Love T., Choi H, Gelfand J. Cause-specific mortality in patients with psoriatic arthritis [abstract]. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72 Suppl 3:519.
88. Dommasch ED, Abuabara K, Shin D.B., Nguyen J., Troxel AB, Gelfand JM. The risk of infection and malignancy with tumor necrosis factor antagonists in adults with psoriatic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 64:1035-50.
89. Haynes K, Beukelman T, Curtis J.R., Newcomb C., Herrinton LJ, Graham DJ, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor therapy and cancer risk in chronic immune-mediated diseases. Arthritis Rheum 2013; 65:48-58.
90. Mercer LK, Low AS, Galloway J.B., Watson KD, Lunt M, Symmons DP, et al. Anti-TNF therapy in women with rheumatoid arthritis with a history of carcinoma in situ of the cervix. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:143-4.
91. O'Connor N., Dargan PI, Jones AL. Hepatocellular damage from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. QJM 2003; 96:787-91.
92. Sokolove J, Strand V, Greenberg J.D., Curtis JR, Kavanaugh A, Kremer JM, et al. Risk of elevated liver enzymes associated with TNF inhibitor utilisation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1612-7.
93. Seitz M, Reichenbach S, Moller B., Zwahlen M, Villiger PM, Dufour JF. Hepatoprotective effect of tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade in psoriatic arthritis: A cross-sectional study. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1148-50.
94. Kavanaugh A, Greenberg J, Lee S., Need B, Moreland LW. Incidence of elevated liver enzymes (LFTS) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients: Effect of TNF-inhibitors (TNF-I) [abstract]. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69 Suppl:579.
95. Amital H, Arnson Y, Chodick G., Shalev V. Hepatotoxicity rates do not differ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis treated with methotrexate. Rheumatology 2009; 48:1107-10.
96. Curtis JR, Beukelman T, Onofrei A., Cassell S, Greenberg JD, Kavanaugh A, et al. Elevated liver enzyme tests among patients with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis treated with methotrexate and/or leflunomide. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:43-7.
97. Tilling L, Townsend S, David J. Methotrexate and hepatic toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Clin Drug Invest 2006; 26:55-62.
98. Rosenberg P, Urwitz H, Johannesson A., Ros AM, Lindholm J, Kinnman N, et al. Psoriasis patients with diabetes type 2 are at high risk of developing liver fibrosis during methotrexate treatment. J Hepatol 2007; 46:1111-8.
99. Langman G, Hall PM, Todd G. Role of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in methotrexate-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:1395-401.
100. Di Minno MN, Iervolino S, Peluso R., Russolillo A, Lupoli R, Scarpa R., et al. Hepatic steatosis and disease activity in subjects with psoriatic arthritis receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1042-6.
101. Bergner R, Peters L, Schmitt V., Loffler C. Leflunomide in dialysis patients with rheumatoid arthritis - A pharmacokinetic study. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32:267-70.
102. Al-Hasani H, Roussou E. Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis patients who are on hemodialysis. Rheumatol Int 2011; 31:1545-7.
103. Senel S, Kisacik B, Ugan Y., Kasifoglu T, Tunc E, Cobankara V. The efficacy and safety of etanercept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathy on hemodialysis. Clin Rheumatol 2011; 30:1369-72.
104. Maza A, Montaudie H, Sbidian E., Gallini A, Aractingi S, Aubin F., et al. Oral cyclosporin in psoriasis: A systematic review on treatment modalities, risk of kidney toxicity and evidence for use in non-plaque psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25 Suppl 2:19-27.
105. Fine M. Quantifying the impact of NSAID-associated adverse events. Am J Manag Care 2013; 19:s267-72.
106. Vassilopoulos D, Calabrese LH. Management of rheumatic disease with comorbid HBV or HCV infection. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8:348-57.