메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 171-179

Myorhythmia: Phenomenology, etiology, and treatment

Author keywords

Movement disorders; Myorhythmia; Slow tremor; Stroke; Whipple's disease

Indexed keywords

BACLOFEN; BENZATROPINE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CEFTRIAXONE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CLONAZEPAM; CORTICOSTEROID; DIAZEPAM; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; FLUOXETINE; HALOPERIDOL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; LEVODOPA; LORAZEPAM; PROPRANOLOL; RITUXIMAB; SULFADIAZINE; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; TETRABENAZINE; TETRACYCLINE; TRIHEXYPHENIDYL; VALPROIC ACID; VIGABATRIN;

EID: 84922231585     PISSN: 08853185     EISSN: 15318257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mds.26093     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (80)

References (110)
  • 2
    • 0032754306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow rhythmic dyskinesia of the shoulder: one idiopathic and two symptomatic cases
    • Lee MS, Kim YD, Kim WC, Lyoo CH. Slow rhythmic dyskinesia of the shoulder: one idiopathic and two symptomatic cases. Mov Disord 1999;14:1049-1051.
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , pp. 1049-1051
    • Lee, M.S.1    Kim, Y.D.2    Kim, W.C.3    Lyoo, C.H.4
  • 3
    • 0003858022 scopus 로고
    • Die amyostatischen Unruheerscheinungen. Klinisch kinematographische Analyse ihrer Kennzeichen und Beleiterscheinungen
    • Herz E. Die amyostatischen Unruheerscheinungen. Klinisch kinematographische Analyse ihrer Kennzeichen und Beleiterscheinungen. J Psychol Neurol 1931;43:146-163.
    • (1931) J Psychol Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 146-163
    • Herz, E.1
  • 4
    • 0000165473 scopus 로고
    • Deux cas de myoclonies synchrones et rythmées vélo-pharyngo-laryngo-oculo-diaphragmatiques. Le problème anatomique et physio-pathologique de ce syndrome
    • Guillain G, Mollaret P. Deux cas de myoclonies synchrones et rythmées vélo-pharyngo-laryngo-oculo-diaphragmatiques. Le problème anatomique et physio-pathologique de ce syndrome. Rev Neurol 1931;2:545-566.
    • (1931) Rev Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 545-566
    • Guillain, G.1    Mollaret, P.2
  • 5
    • 0009886030 scopus 로고
    • Le syndrome myoclonique de la calotte. Étude anatomo-clinique du nystagmus du voile et des myoclonies rythmiques associées oculaires, faciales, etc
    • Foix CH, Chavany JA, Hillemand P. Le syndrome myoclonique de la calotte. Étude anatomo-clinique du nystagmus du voile et des myoclonies rythmiques associées oculaires, faciales, etc. Rev Neurol 1926;1:942-956.
    • (1926) Rev Neurol , vol.1 , pp. 942-956
    • Foix, C.H.1    Chavany, J.A.2    Hillemand, P.3
  • 6
    • 84922253573 scopus 로고
    • Myoclonies vélo-pharyngo-laryngo-oculo-diaphragmatiques associées à des myoclonies synchrones squelettiques
    • Guillain G, Thurel R. Myoclonies vélo-pharyngo-laryngo-oculo-diaphragmatiques associées à des myoclonies synchrones squelettiques. Rev Neurol 1932;2:677-684.
    • (1932) Rev Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 677-684
    • Guillain, G.1    Thurel, R.2
  • 7
    • 0001573961 scopus 로고
    • Examen anatomo-pathologique d'un cas de myoclonies vélo-pharyngo-oculo-diaphragmatiques associées a des myoclonies squelettiques synchrones
    • Guillain G, Thurel R, Bertrand I. Examen anatomo-pathologique d'un cas de myoclonies vélo-pharyngo-oculo-diaphragmatiques associées a des myoclonies squelettiques synchrones. Rev Neurol 1933;2:801-812.
    • (1933) Rev Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 801-812
    • Guillain, G.1    Thurel, R.2    Bertrand, I.3
  • 8
    • 27944455863 scopus 로고
    • Myoclonies arythimiques unilatérales des membres par lésion du noyau dentelé du cervelet
    • Guillain G, Bertrand I, Lereboullet J. Myoclonies arythimiques unilatérales des membres par lésion du noyau dentelé du cervelet. Rev Neurol 1934;2:73-78.
    • (1934) Rev Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 73-78
    • Guillain, G.1    Bertrand, I.2    Lereboullet, J.3
  • 9
    • 26844521325 scopus 로고
    • Rhythmic skeletal myoclonus without nystagmus of the velum: anatomo-clinical study with presentation of a cinematographic film
    • Garcin R, Lapresle J, Fardeau M. Rhythmic skeletal myoclonus without nystagmus of the velum: anatomo-clinical study with presentation of a cinematographic film. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1963;109:105-114.
    • (1963) Rev Neurol (Paris) , vol.109 , pp. 105-114
    • Garcin, R.1    Lapresle, J.2    Fardeau, M.3
  • 10
    • 0014306501 scopus 로고
    • Myoclonus of the velum and skeletal myoclonus: Clinical and anatomical study
    • Rondot P, Ben Hamida M. Myoclonus of the velum and skeletal myoclonus: clinical and anatomical study. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1968;l19:59-83.
    • (1968) Rev Neurol (Paris) , vol.119 , pp. 59-83
    • Rondot, P.1    Ben Hamida, M.2
  • 11
    • 84922245590 scopus 로고
    • Syndrome pseudo-bulbaire et cérébelleux d'origine protubérantielle avec myoclonies rhythmiques et synchrones vélo-pharyngo-facio-laryngées bilatérales et myoclonies oculaires et squelettiques unilatérales
    • Crouzon O, Christophe J. Syndrome pseudo-bulbaire et cérébelleux d'origine protubérantielle avec myoclonies rhythmiques et synchrones vélo-pharyngo-facio-laryngées bilatérales et myoclonies oculaires et squelettiques unilatérales. Rev Neurol 1936;65:76-81.
    • (1936) Rev Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 76-81
    • Crouzon, O.1    Christophe, J.2
  • 12
    • 84922232168 scopus 로고
    • Étude anatomique d'un cas de myoclonies vélo-palato-laryngées avec nystagmus myoclonique rotatoire
    • De Savitsch E. Étude anatomique d'un cas de myoclonies vélo-palato-laryngées avec nystagmus myoclonique rotatoire. J Belge Neurol Psychiatr 1936;36:291-297.
    • (1936) J Belge Neurol Psychiatr , vol.36 , pp. 291-297
    • De Savitsch, E.1
  • 13
    • 84889552823 scopus 로고
    • Myoclonies rythmées du voile du pharynx, du larynx et du membre supérieur gauche au cours d'un syndrome latéral du bulbe
    • Lhermitte J, Sigwald J. Myoclonies rythmées du voile du pharynx, du larynx et du membre supérieur gauche au cours d'un syndrome latéral du bulbe. Rev Neurol 1941;73:81-86.
    • (1941) Rev Neurol , vol.73 , pp. 81-86
    • Lhermitte, J.1    Sigwald, J.2
  • 14
    • 0022605337 scopus 로고
    • Rhythmic myoclonias including spinal myoclonus
    • Silfverskiold BP. Rhythmic myoclonias including spinal myoclonus. Adv Neurol 1988;43:275-285.
    • (1988) Adv Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 275-285
    • Silfverskiold, B.P.1
  • 15
    • 0021330216 scopus 로고
    • Myorhythmia: a widespread movement disorder: clinico pathological correlations
    • Masucci EF, Kurtzke JF, Saini N. Myorhythmia: a widespread movement disorder: clinico pathological correlations. Brain 1984;107:53-79.
    • (1984) Brain , vol.107 , pp. 53-79
    • Masucci, E.F.1    Kurtzke, J.F.2    Saini, N.3
  • 16
    • 34147159643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal encephalitis in a patient with refractory celiac disease presenting with myorhythmia and carpal spasm
    • Dimberg EL, Crowe SE, Trugman JM, et al. Fatal encephalitis in a patient with refractory celiac disease presenting with myorhythmia and carpal spasm. Mov Disord 2007;22:407-411.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , pp. 407-411
    • Dimberg, E.L.1    Crowe, S.E.2    Trugman, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 84880772785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update
    • Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord 2013;28:863-873.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. 863-873
    • Albanese, A.1    Bhatia, K.2    Bressman, S.B.3
  • 21
    • 67449123258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dystonic tremor presenting as parkinsonism: long-term follow-up of SWEDDs
    • Bain PG. Dystonic tremor presenting as parkinsonism: long-term follow-up of SWEDDs. Neurology 2009;72:1443-1445.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 1443-1445
    • Bain, P.G.1
  • 22
    • 77951234348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing SWEDDs patients with asymmetric resting tremor from Parkinson's disease: a clinical and electrophysiological study
    • Schwingenschuh P, Ruge D, Edwards MJ, et al. Distinguishing SWEDDs patients with asymmetric resting tremor from Parkinson's disease: a clinical and electrophysiological study. Mov Disord 2010;25:560-569.
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , pp. 560-569
    • Schwingenschuh, P.1    Ruge, D.2    Edwards, M.J.3
  • 23
    • 0031011294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midbrain tremor and hypertrophic olivary degeneration after pontine hemorrhage
    • Shepherd GM, Tauböll E, Bakke SJ, Nyberg-Hansen R. Midbrain tremor and hypertrophic olivary degeneration after pontine hemorrhage. Mov Disord 1997;12:432-437.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 432-437
    • Shepherd, G.M.1    Tauböll, E.2    Bakke, S.J.3    Nyberg-Hansen, R.4
  • 24
    • 17144416138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of Holmes tremor
    • Yang YW, Chang FC, Tsai CH, et al. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of Holmes tremor. Acta Neurol Taiwan 2005;14:9-15.
    • (2005) Acta Neurol Taiwan , vol.14 , pp. 9-15
    • Yang, Y.W.1    Chang, F.C.2    Tsai, C.H.3
  • 25
    • 0022531585 scopus 로고
    • Segmental myoclonus: clinical and pharmacologic study
    • Jankovic J, Pardo R. Segmental myoclonus: clinical and pharmacologic study. Arch Neurol 1986;43:1025-1031.
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 1025-1031
    • Jankovic, J.1    Pardo, R.2
  • 26
    • 0028125129 scopus 로고
    • MR-imaging of post-traumatic olivary hypertrophy
    • Birbamer G, Gerstenbrand F, Aichner F, et al. MR-imaging of post-traumatic olivary hypertrophy. Funct Neurol 1994;9:183-187.
    • (1994) Funct Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 183-187
    • Birbamer, G.1    Gerstenbrand, F.2    Aichner, F.3
  • 27
    • 0035146782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benign segmental myoclonus: electrophysiological evidence of transient dysfunction in the brainstem
    • Yoshikawa H, Takamori M. Benign segmental myoclonus: electrophysiological evidence of transient dysfunction in the brainstem. J Clin Neurosci 2001;8:54-56.
    • (2001) J Clin Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 54-56
    • Yoshikawa, H.1    Takamori, M.2
  • 28
    • 35348935517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paroxysmal kinesigenic segmental myoclonus due to a spinal cord glioma
    • Marrufo M, Politsky J, Mehta S, Morgan JC, Sethi KD. Paroxysmal kinesigenic segmental myoclonus due to a spinal cord glioma. Mov Disord 2007;22:1801-1803.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , pp. 1801-1803
    • Marrufo, M.1    Politsky, J.2    Mehta, S.3    Morgan, J.C.4    Sethi, K.D.5
  • 29
    • 61649125425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myoclonus of peripheral origin: two case reports
    • Tyvaert L, Krystkowiak P, Cassim F, et al. Myoclonus of peripheral origin: two case reports. Mov Disord 2009;24:274-277.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 274-277
    • Tyvaert, L.1    Krystkowiak, P.2    Cassim, F.3
  • 30
    • 22844444789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy: a single syndromic classification for a group of pedigrees bearing common features
    • van Rootselar AF, van Schaik IN, van den Maagdenberg AM, et al. Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy: a single syndromic classification for a group of pedigrees bearing common features. Mov Disord 2005;20:665-673.
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , pp. 665-673
    • van Rootselar, A.F.1    van Schaik, I.N.2    van den Maagdenberg, A.M.3
  • 31
    • 84894061390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The α2B -adrenergic receptor is mutant in cortical myoclonus and epilepsy
    • De Fusco M, Vago R, Striano P, et al. The α2B -adrenergic receptor is mutant in cortical myoclonus and epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2014;75:77-87.
    • (2014) Ann Neurol , vol.75 , pp. 77-87
    • De Fusco, M.1    Vago, R.2    Striano, P.3
  • 32
    • 84859947795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy: recognition of mild phenotypes and refinement of the 2q locus
    • Crompton DE, Sadleir LG, Bromhead CJ, et al. Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy: recognition of mild phenotypes and refinement of the 2q locus. Arch Neurol 2012;69:474-481.
    • (2012) Arch Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 474-481
    • Crompton, D.E.1    Sadleir, L.G.2    Bromhead, C.J.3
  • 33
    • 33750324834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin treatment of facial myoclonus in suspected Rasmussen encephalitis
    • Browner N, Azher SN, Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin treatment of facial myoclonus in suspected Rasmussen encephalitis. Mov Disord 2006;21:1500-1502.
    • (2006) Mov Disord , vol.21 , pp. 1500-1502
    • Browner, N.1    Azher, S.N.2    Jankovic, J.3
  • 34
    • 70449364101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCARB2 mutations in progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) without renal failure
    • Dibbens LM, Michelucci R, Gambardella A, et al. SCARB2 mutations in progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) without renal failure. Ann Neurol 2009;66:532-536.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 532-536
    • Dibbens, L.M.1    Michelucci, R.2    Gambardella, A.3
  • 35
    • 82955232423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and neurophysiologic features of progressive myoclonus epilepsy without renal failure caused by SCARB2 mutations
    • Rubboli G, Franceschetti S, Berkovic SF, et al. Clinical and neurophysiologic features of progressive myoclonus epilepsy without renal failure caused by SCARB2 mutations. Epilepsia 2011;52:2356-2363.
    • (2011) Epilepsia , vol.52 , pp. 2356-2363
    • Rubboli, G.1    Franceschetti, S.2    Berkovic, S.F.3
  • 36
    • 79957616452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milestones in tremor research
    • Elble R, Deuschl G. Milestones in tremor research. Mov Disord 2011;26:1096-1105.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , pp. 1096-1105
    • Elble, R.1    Deuschl, G.2
  • 37
    • 0027964407 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic and essential palatal tremor. 1. Clinical, physiological and MRI analysis
    • Deuschl G, Toro C, Valls-Solé J, Zeffiro T, Zee DS, Hallet M. Symptomatic and essential palatal tremor. 1. Clinical, physiological and MRI analysis. Brain 1994;117:775-788.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 775-788
    • Deuschl, G.1    Toro, C.2    Valls-Solé, J.3    Zeffiro, T.4    Zee, D.S.5    Hallet, M.6
  • 38
    • 84872950414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oculopalatal tremor: current concepts and new observations
    • Borruat FX. Oculopalatal tremor: current concepts and new observations. Curr Opin Neurol 2013;26:67-73.
    • (2013) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.26 , pp. 67-73
    • Borruat, F.X.1
  • 39
    • 34147163904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of ocular oscillation in oculopalatal tremor: imaging correlations
    • Kim JS, Moon SY, Choi KD, Kim JH, Sharpe JA. Patterns of ocular oscillation in oculopalatal tremor: imaging correlations. Neurology 2007;68:1128-1135.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 1128-1135
    • Kim, J.S.1    Moon, S.Y.2    Choi, K.D.3    Kim, J.H.4    Sharpe, J.A.5
  • 40
    • 82955174668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergent-divergent nystagmus as a manifestation of oculopalatal tremor
    • Galvez-Ruiz A, Roig C, Muñoz S, Arruga J. Convergent-divergent nystagmus as a manifestation of oculopalatal tremor. Neuro-Ophthalmology 2011;35:276-279.
    • (2011) Neuro-Ophthalmology , vol.35 , pp. 276-279
    • Galvez-Ruiz, A.1    Roig, C.2    Muñoz, S.3    Arruga, J.4
  • 41
    • 77950223689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oculopalatal tremor explained by a model of inferior olivary hypertrophy and cerebellar plasticity
    • Shaikh AG, Hong S, Liao K, et al. Oculopalatal tremor explained by a model of inferior olivary hypertrophy and cerebellar plasticity. Brain 2010;133:923-940.
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 923-940
    • Shaikh, A.G.1    Hong, S.2    Liao, K.3
  • 42
    • 84879603972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inferior olivary nucleus: a postmortem study of essential tremor cases versus controls
    • Louis ED, Babij R, Cortés E, Vonsattel JP, Faust PL. The inferior olivary nucleus: a postmortem study of essential tremor cases versus controls. Mov Disord 2013;28:779-786.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. 779-786
    • Louis, E.D.1    Babij, R.2    Cortés, E.3    Vonsattel, J.P.4    Faust, P.L.5
  • 43
    • 43449090660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of olivary electrical coupling in cerebellar motor learning
    • Van Der Giessen RS, Koekkoek SK, Van Dorp S, et al. Role of olivary electrical coupling in cerebellar motor learning. Neuron 2008;58:599-612.
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.58 , pp. 599-612
    • Van Der Giessen, R.S.1    Koekkoek, S.K.2    Van Dorp, S.3
  • 44
    • 84859239883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous cluster activity in the inferior olivary nucleus in brainstem slices from postnatal mice
    • Rekling JC, Jensen KH, Jahnsen H. Spontaneous cluster activity in the inferior olivary nucleus in brainstem slices from postnatal mice. J Physiol 2012;590:1547-1562.
    • (2012) J Physiol , vol.590 , pp. 1547-1562
    • Rekling, J.C.1    Jensen, K.H.2    Jahnsen, H.3
  • 45
    • 0024804026 scopus 로고
    • Palatal myoclonus associated with extremity tremor
    • Masucci E, Kurtzke J. Palatal myoclonus associated with extremity tremor. J Neurol 1989;236:474-477.
    • (1989) J Neurol , vol.236 , pp. 474-477
    • Masucci, E.1    Kurtzke, J.2
  • 46
    • 0032708916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural course of combined limb and palatal tremor caused by cerebellar-brain stem infarction
    • Yanagisawa T, Sugihara H, Shibahara K, Kamo T, Fujisawa K, Murayama M. Natural course of combined limb and palatal tremor caused by cerebellar-brain stem infarction. Mov Disord 1999;14:851-854.
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , pp. 851-854
    • Yanagisawa, T.1    Sugihara, H.2    Shibahara, K.3    Kamo, T.4    Fujisawa, K.5    Murayama, M.6
  • 47
    • 80053197317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological tests of hypotheses for acquired pendular nystagmus
    • Shaikh AG, Thurtell MJ, Optican LM, Leigh RJ. Pharmacological tests of hypotheses for acquired pendular nystagmus. Ann NY Acad Sci 2011;1233:320-326.
    • (2011) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1233 , pp. 320-326
    • Shaikh, A.G.1    Thurtell, M.J.2    Optican, L.M.3    Leigh, R.J.4
  • 48
    • 63049140089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failed DBS for palliation of visual problems in a case of oculopalatal tremor
    • Wang D, Sanchez J, Foote KD, et al. Failed DBS for palliation of visual problems in a case of oculopalatal tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009;15:71-73.
    • (2009) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.15 , pp. 71-73
    • Wang, D.1    Sanchez, J.2    Foote, K.D.3
  • 49
    • 79961210588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many faces of hemifacial spasm: differential diagnosis of unilateral facial spasms
    • Yaltho TC, Jankovic J. The many faces of hemifacial spasm: differential diagnosis of unilateral facial spasms. Mov Disord 2011;26:1582-1592.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , pp. 1582-1592
    • Yaltho, T.C.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 50
    • 0035074056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial dyskinesia and facial myokymia (FDFM): a novel movement disorder
    • Fernandez M, Raskind W, Wolff J, et al. Familial dyskinesia and facial myokymia (FDFM): a novel movement disorder. Ann Neurol 2001;49:486-492.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 486-492
    • Fernandez, M.1    Raskind, W.2    Wolff, J.3
  • 51
    • 84860913828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal dominant familial dyskinesia and facial myokymia: single exome sequencing identifies a mutation in adenylyl cyclase 5
    • Chen YZ, Matsushita MM, Robertson P, et al. Autosomal dominant familial dyskinesia and facial myokymia: single exome sequencing identifies a mutation in adenylyl cyclase 5. Arch Neurol 2012;69:630-635.
    • (2012) Arch Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 630-635
    • Chen, Y.Z.1    Matsushita, M.M.2    Robertson, P.3
  • 52
    • 79957609175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourette syndrome: evolving concepts
    • Jankovic J, Kurlan R. Tourette syndrome: evolving concepts. Mov Disord 2011;26:1149-1156.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , pp. 1149-1156
    • Jankovic, J.1    Kurlan, R.2
  • 53
    • 1642364505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic-induced rabbit syndrome: epidemiology, management and pathophysiology
    • Schwartz M, Hocherman S. Antipsychotic-induced rabbit syndrome: epidemiology, management and pathophysiology. CNS Drugs 2004;18:213-220.
    • (2004) CNS Drugs , vol.18 , pp. 213-220
    • Schwartz, M.1    Hocherman, S.2
  • 54
    • 0242578766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myorhythmia slow facial tremor from chronic interferon alpha-2a usage
    • Tan EK, Chan LL, Lo YL. Myorhythmia slow facial tremor from chronic interferon alpha-2a usage. Neurology 2003;61:1302-1303.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 1302-1303
    • Tan, E.K.1    Chan, L.L.2    Lo, Y.L.3
  • 55
    • 0031040003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated interferon-alpha administration inhibits dopaminergic neural activity in the mouse brain
    • Shuto H, Kataoka Y, Horikawa T, Fujihara N, Oishi R. Repeated interferon-alpha administration inhibits dopaminergic neural activity in the mouse brain. Brain Res 1997;747:348-351.
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.747 , pp. 348-351
    • Shuto, H.1    Kataoka, Y.2    Horikawa, T.3    Fujihara, N.4    Oishi, R.5
  • 57
    • 0028927648 scopus 로고
    • Oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia in central nervous system Whipple's disease: additional case and review of the literature
    • Simpson DA, Wishnow R, Gargulinski RB, Pawlak AM. Oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia in central nervous system Whipple's disease: additional case and review of the literature. Mov Disord 1995;10:195-200.
    • (1995) Mov Disord , vol.10 , pp. 195-200
    • Simpson, D.A.1    Wishnow, R.2    Gargulinski, R.B.3    Pawlak, A.M.4
  • 58
    • 0034298088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limb myorhythmia in association with hypertrophy of the inferior olive: report of two cases
    • Wu JC, Lu CS, Ng SH. Limb myorhythmia in association with hypertrophy of the inferior olive: report of two cases. Chang Gung Med J 2000;23:630-635.
    • (2000) Chang Gung Med J , vol.23 , pp. 630-635
    • Wu, J.C.1    Lu, C.S.2    Ng, S.H.3
  • 59
    • 0018410046 scopus 로고
    • Palatal myoclonus and denervation super sensitivity in the central nervous system
    • Matsuo F, Ajax ET. Palatal myoclonus and denervation super sensitivity in the central nervous system. Ann Neurol 1979;5:72-78.
    • (1979) Ann Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 72-78
    • Matsuo, F.1    Ajax, E.T.2
  • 60
    • 0033982293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combined pattern of movement disorders resulting from posterolateral thalamic lesions of a vascular nature: a syndrome with clinico-radiologic correlation
    • Lera G, Scipioni O, Garcia S, Cammarota A, Fischbein G, Gershanik O. A combined pattern of movement disorders resulting from posterolateral thalamic lesions of a vascular nature: a syndrome with clinico-radiologic correlation. Mov Disord 2000;15:120-126.
    • (2000) Mov Disord , vol.15 , pp. 120-126
    • Lera, G.1    Scipioni, O.2    Garcia, S.3    Cammarota, A.4    Fischbein, G.5    Gershanik, O.6
  • 61
    • 77951958925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myorhythmia associated with listerial rhombencephalitis
    • Park KI, Chung JM, Lee SH, Lee HK. Myorhythmia associated with listerial rhombencephalitis. Mov Disord 2010;25:950-952.
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , pp. 950-952
    • Park, K.I.1    Chung, J.M.2    Lee, S.H.3    Lee, H.K.4
  • 62
    • 0011824646 scopus 로고
    • Sur une encéphalite subaiguë non classable, principalement caractérisée par des myorhythmies oculo-facio-cervicales
    • van Bogaert, L, Lafon, R, Pages, P, Labauge, R. Sur une encéphalite subaiguë non classable, principalement caractérisée par des myorhythmies oculo-facio-cervicales. Rev Neurol 1963;109:443.
    • (1963) Rev Neurol , vol.109 , pp. 443
    • van Bogaert, L.1    Lafon, R.2    Pages, P.3    Labauge, R.4
  • 64
    • 84989613657 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic disease in patients with treated Whipple's disease
    • Knox DL, Bayless TM, Pitman FE. Neurologic disease in patients with treated Whipple's disease. Acta Neuropathol 1975;33:275-278.
    • (1975) Acta Neuropathol , vol.33 , pp. 275-278
    • Knox, D.L.1    Bayless, T.M.2    Pitman, F.E.3
  • 65
    • 0024253002 scopus 로고
    • Oculo-facio-skeletal myorhythmia as a cerebral complication of systemic Whipple's disease
    • Hausser-Hauw C, Roullet E, Robert R, Marteau R. Oculo-facio-skeletal myorhythmia as a cerebral complication of systemic Whipple's disease. Mov Disord 1988;3:179-184.
    • (1988) Mov Disord , vol.3 , pp. 179-184
    • Hausser-Hauw, C.1    Roullet, E.2    Robert, R.3    Marteau, R.4
  • 67
    • 0022537783 scopus 로고
    • Whipple's disease of the central nervous system in AIDS
    • Jankovic J. Whipple's disease of the central nervous system in AIDS. N Engl J Med 1986;315:1029-1030.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 1029-1030
    • Jankovic, J.1
  • 68
    • 80051601413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated intracranial Whipple's disease: report of a rare case and review of the literature
    • Mohamed W, Neil E, Kupsky WJ, Juhász C, Mittal S, Santhakumar S. Isolated intracranial Whipple's disease: report of a rare case and review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 2011;308:1-8.
    • (2011) J Neurol Sci , vol.308 , pp. 1-8
    • Mohamed, W.1    Neil, E.2    Kupsky, W.J.3    Juhász, C.4    Mittal, S.5    Santhakumar, S.6
  • 69
    • 0026514250 scopus 로고
    • Permanent bruxism as a manifestation of the oculo-facial syndrome related to systemic Whipple's disease
    • Tison F, Louvet-Giendaj C, Henry P, Lagueny A, Gaujard E. Permanent bruxism as a manifestation of the oculo-facial syndrome related to systemic Whipple's disease. Mov Disord 1992;7:82-85.
    • (1992) Mov Disord , vol.7 , pp. 82-85
    • Tison, F.1    Louvet-Giendaj, C.2    Henry, P.3    Lagueny, A.4    Gaujard, E.5
  • 70
    • 0029959082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic guidelines in central nervous system Whipple's disease
    • Louis ED, Lynch T, Kaufmann P, Fahn S, Odel J. Diagnostic guidelines in central nervous system Whipple's disease. Ann Neurol 1996;40:561-568.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 561-568
    • Louis, E.D.1    Lynch, T.2    Kaufmann, P.3    Fahn, S.4    Odel, J.5
  • 71
    • 0023030824 scopus 로고
    • Oculomasticatory myorhythmia: a unique movement disorder occurring in Whipple's disease
    • Schwartz MA, Selhorst JB, Ochs AL, et al. Oculomasticatory myorhythmia: a unique movement disorder occurring in Whipple's disease. Ann Neurol 1986;20:677-683.
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 677-683
    • Schwartz, M.A.1    Selhorst, J.B.2    Ochs, A.L.3
  • 74
    • 84887845625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system involvement in Whipple disease: clinical study of 18 patients and long-term follow-up
    • Compain C, Sacre K, Puéchal X, et al. Central nervous system involvement in Whipple disease: clinical study of 18 patients and long-term follow-up. Medicine (Baltimore) 2013;92:324-330.
    • (2013) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.92 , pp. 324-330
    • Compain, C.1    Sacre, K.2    Puéchal, X.3
  • 75
    • 34948857880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated CNS Whipple disease with a variant of oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia (OFSM)
    • de Andrade DC, Nogueira RC, Lucato LT, et al. Isolated CNS Whipple disease with a variant of oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia (OFSM). Neurology 2007;69:E12.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. E12
    • de Andrade, D.C.1    Nogueira, R.C.2    Lucato, L.T.3
  • 76
    • 40349085828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching NeuroImage: Oculomasticatory myorhythmia: pathognomonic phenomenology of Whipple disease
    • Revilla FJ, de la Cruz R, Khardori N, Espay AJ. Teaching NeuroImage: Oculomasticatory myorhythmia: pathognomonic phenomenology of Whipple disease. Neurology 2008;70:e25.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. e25
    • Revilla, F.J.1    de la Cruz, R.2    Khardori, N.3    Espay, A.J.4
  • 77
    • 84888128260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oculomasticatory myorhythmia and agrypnia excitata guide the diagnosis of Whipple disease
    • Calandra-Buonaura G, Provini F, Guaraldi P, et al. Oculomasticatory myorhythmia and agrypnia excitata guide the diagnosis of Whipple disease. Sleep Med 2013;14:1428-1430.
    • (2013) Sleep Med , vol.14 , pp. 1428-1430
    • Calandra-Buonaura, G.1    Provini, F.2    Guaraldi, P.3
  • 79
    • 0031178022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia in Whipple's disease
    • Lynch T, Fahn S, Louis ED, Odel JG. Oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia in Whipple's disease. Mov Disord 1997;12:625-626.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 625-626
    • Lynch, T.1    Fahn, S.2    Louis, E.D.3    Odel, J.G.4
  • 80
    • 0031036709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ophthalmoplegia and leg myorhythmia in Whipple's disease: report of a case
    • Rajput AH, McHattie JD. Ophthalmoplegia and leg myorhythmia in Whipple's disease: report of a case. Mov Disord 1997;12:111-114.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 111-114
    • Rajput, A.H.1    McHattie, J.D.2
  • 81
    • 0025216146 scopus 로고
    • Oculo-facial-skeletal myorhythmia in Whipple disease: treatment with ceftriaxone
    • Adler CH, Galetta SL. Oculo-facial-skeletal myorhythmia in Whipple disease: treatment with ceftriaxone. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:467-469.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 467-469
    • Adler, C.H.1    Galetta, S.L.2
  • 82
    • 77956591847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging of central nervous system Whipple disease: a 15-year review
    • Black DF, Aksamit AJ, Morris JM. MR imaging of central nervous system Whipple disease: a 15-year review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:1493-1497.
    • (2010) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.31 , pp. 1493-1497
    • Black, D.F.1    Aksamit, A.J.2    Morris, J.M.3
  • 83
    • 33846110845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial Imaging changes of cerebral Whipple's disease: from onset to the end
    • Yu C, Jiang A, Yu Y. Serial Imaging changes of cerebral Whipple's disease: from onset to the end. J Neuroimaging 2007;17:81-83.
    • (2007) J Neuroimaging , vol.17 , pp. 81-83
    • Yu, C.1    Jiang, A.2    Yu, Y.3
  • 84
    • 84877923872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders in cerebrovascular disease
    • Mehanna R, Jankovic J. Movement disorders in cerebrovascular disease. Lancet Neurol 2013;12:597-608.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 597-608
    • Mehanna, R.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 85
    • 0024994568 scopus 로고
    • MR demonstration of a unilateral olivary hypertrophy caused by pontine tegmental hematoma
    • Hirono N, Kameyama M, Kobayashi Y, et al. MR demonstration of a unilateral olivary hypertrophy caused by pontine tegmental hematoma. Neuroradiology 1990;32:340-342.
    • (1990) Neuroradiology , vol.32 , pp. 340-342
    • Hirono, N.1    Kameyama, M.2    Kobayashi, Y.3
  • 87
    • 0033814191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jaw-opening dystonia presumably caused by a pontine lesion
    • Dietrichs E, Heier MS, Nakstad PH. Jaw-opening dystonia presumably caused by a pontine lesion. Mov Disord 2000;15:1026-1028.
    • (2000) Mov Disord , vol.15 , pp. 1026-1028
    • Dietrichs, E.1    Heier, M.S.2    Nakstad, P.H.3
  • 88
    • 0029931408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed-onset progressive movement disorders
    • Scott B, Jankovic J. Delayed-onset progressive movement disorders. Neurology 1996;46:68-74.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 68-74
    • Scott, B.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 89
    • 84880764590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging concepts in the physiological basis of dystonia
    • Quartarone A, Hallett M. Emerging concepts in the physiological basis of dystonia. Mov Disord 2013;28:958-967.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. 958-967
    • Quartarone, A.1    Hallett, M.2
  • 91
    • 67651156107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic tongue hyperkinesias and alternating limb movements associated with basilar artery ischemia
    • Li JY, Lee CH. Episodic tongue hyperkinesias and alternating limb movements associated with basilar artery ischemia. Mov Disord 2009;24:1249-1251.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 1249-1251
    • Li, J.Y.1    Lee, C.H.2
  • 92
    • 0030862695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic undulating hyperkinesias of the tongue associated with brainstem ischemia
    • Postert T, Amoiridis G, Pöhlau D, Hoffmann V, Przuntek H. Episodic undulating hyperkinesias of the tongue associated with brainstem ischemia. Mov Disord 1997;12:619-621.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 619-621
    • Postert, T.1    Amoiridis, G.2    Pöhlau, D.3    Hoffmann, V.4    Przuntek, H.5
  • 93
    • 0035130365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed onset mixed involuntary movements after thalamic stroke: clinical, radiological and pathophysiological findings
    • Kim JS. Delayed onset mixed involuntary movements after thalamic stroke: clinical, radiological and pathophysiological findings. Brain 2001;124:299-309.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 299-309
    • Kim, J.S.1
  • 94
    • 0028017280 scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders following lesions of the thalamus or subthalamic region
    • Lee MS, Marsden CD. Movement disorders following lesions of the thalamus or subthalamic region. Mov Disord 1994;9:493-507.
    • (1994) Mov Disord , vol.9 , pp. 493-507
    • Lee, M.S.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 97
    • 84876131344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of movement disorders in children with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
    • Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Stocco A, Muscal E, Jankovic J. The spectrum of movement disorders in children with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Mov Disord 2013;28:543-547.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. 543-547
    • Baizabal-Carvallo, J.F.1    Stocco, A.2    Muscal, E.3    Jankovic, J.4
  • 98
    • 52649109254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distinctive movement disorder of ovarian teratoma-associated encephalitis
    • Kleinig TJ, Thompson PD, Matar W, et al. The distinctive movement disorder of ovarian teratoma-associated encephalitis. Mov Disord 2008;23:1256-1261.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1256-1261
    • Kleinig, T.J.1    Thompson, P.D.2    Matar, W.3
  • 99
    • 85027922789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders in autoimmune diseases
    • Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J. Movement disorders in autoimmune diseases. Mov Disord 2012;27:935-946.
    • (2012) Mov Disord , vol.27 , pp. 935-946
    • Baizabal-Carvallo, J.F.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 100
    • 85114484996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on tardive dyskinesia: from phenomenology to treatment
    • Jul 12, pii:tre-03-161-4138-1
    • Waln O, Jankovic J. An update on tardive dyskinesia: from phenomenology to treatment. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2013 Jul 12;3. pii: tre-03-161-4138-1.
    • (2013) Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) , vol.3
    • Waln, O.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 101
    • 80051504636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encephalitis and antibodies to synaptic and neuronal cell surface proteins
    • Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Dalmau J. Encephalitis and antibodies to synaptic and neuronal cell surface proteins. Neurology 2011;77:179-189.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 179-189
    • Lancaster, E.1    Martinez-Hernandez, E.2    Dalmau, J.3
  • 103
    • 0347815188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encephalitis lethargica syndrome: 20 new cases and evidence of basal ganglia autoimmunity
    • Dale RC, Church AJ, Surtees RA, et al. Encephalitis lethargica syndrome: 20 new cases and evidence of basal ganglia autoimmunity. Brain 2004;127:21-33.
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , pp. 21-33
    • Dale, R.C.1    Church, A.J.2    Surtees, R.A.3
  • 104
    • 33244484352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders associated with encephalitis lethargica: a video compilation
    • Vilensky JA, Goetz CG, Gilman S. Movement disorders associated with encephalitis lethargica: a video compilation. Mov Disord 2006;21:1-8.
    • (2006) Mov Disord , vol.21 , pp. 1-8
    • Vilensky, J.A.1    Goetz, C.G.2    Gilman, S.3
  • 105
    • 0030959123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and management of two cases of encephalitis lethargica
    • Blunt SB, Lane RJ, Turjanski N, Perkin GD. Clinical features and management of two cases of encephalitis lethargica. Mov Disord 1997;12:354-359.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 354-359
    • Blunt, S.B.1    Lane, R.J.2    Turjanski, N.3    Perkin, G.D.4
  • 107
    • 84876136623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases
    • Mehanna R, Jankovic J. Movement disorders in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. J Neurol Sci 2013;328:1-8.
    • (2013) J Neurol Sci , vol.328 , pp. 1-8
    • Mehanna, R.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 108
    • 0036869215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenomenology of "Lubag" or X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism
    • Evidente VG, Advincula J, Esteban R, et al. Phenomenology of "Lubag" or X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2002;17:1271-1277.
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.17 , pp. 1271-1277
    • Evidente, V.G.1    Advincula, J.2    Esteban, R.3
  • 109
    • 80054893761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrabenazine for the treatment of chorea and other hyperkinetic movement disorders
    • Jankovic J, Clarence-Smith K. Tetrabenazine for the treatment of chorea and other hyperkinetic movement disorders. Exp Rev Neurother 2011;11:1509-1523.
    • (2011) Exp Rev Neurother , vol.11 , pp. 1509-1523
    • Jankovic, J.1    Clarence-Smith, K.2
  • 110
    • 33746239177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin is effective and safe for palatal tremor: a report of five cases and a review of the literature
    • Penney SE, Bruce IA, Saeed SR. Botulinum toxin is effective and safe for palatal tremor: a report of five cases and a review of the literature. J Neurol 2006;253:857-860.
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , pp. 857-860
    • Penney, S.E.1    Bruce, I.A.2    Saeed, S.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.