An Inside View of the CAP Reform Process: Explaining the MacSharry, Agenda 2000, and Fischler Reforms

An Inside View of the CAP Reform Process: Explaining the MacSharry, Agenda 2000, and Fischler Reforms

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-256

  Cunha, Arlindo ^a   Swinbank, Alan ^b  

^a CBQF CENTRO DE BIOTECNOLOGIA E QUÍMICA FINA LABORATÓRIO ASSOCIADO   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Agenda 2000; Agriculture; Commission; Common agricultural policy; Decision making; Delphi; Doha round; European Council; European Parliament; European Union; Fischler; Gatt; Macsharry; Uruguay round; World Trade Organization

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922228783     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199591572.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (238)

1. Ackrill, R. W. (2000a) The Common Agricultural Policy (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press).
2. Ackrill, R. W. (2000b) 'CAP Reform 1999: A Crisis in the Making?', Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(2): 343-53.
3. Ackrill, R. W. and Kay, A. (2006) 'Historical-Institutionalist Perspectives on the Development of the EU Budget System', Journal of European Public Policy, 13(1): 113-33.
4. Ackrill, R. W. and Kay, A. (2009) 'Historical Learning in the Design of WTO Rules: The EC Sugar Case', The World Economy, 32(5): 754-71.
5. Agra Europe, weekly.
6. Agra Facts, occasionally.
7. Agra Focus, monthly.
8. Alter, K. J. and Meunier-Aitsahalia, S. (1994) 'Judicial Politics in the European Community. European Integration and the Pathbreaking Cassis de Dijon Decision', Comparative Political Studies, 26(4): 535-61.
9. Anderson, R., Frohberg, K., Keyzer, M., Koester, U., Larsen, A., Mahé, L., Merlo, M., Molander, P., Sarris, A., and van der Mensbrugghe, D., with rapporteurs Munk, K. and Thomson, K. (1994) 'EC Agricultural Policy for the 21st Century', European Economy, Reports and Studies No. 4.
10. Atkin, M. (1993) Snouts in the Trough. European Farmers, the Common Agricultural Policy and the Public Purse (Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing).
11. Baldwin, R. E. (2009) 'Trade Negotiations within the GATT/WTO Framework: A Survey of Successes and Failures', Journal of Policy Modeling, 31(4): 515-25.
12. Bergström, C. F. (2005) Comitology: Delegation of Powers in the European Union and the Committee System (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
13. Bilal, S. (2000) 'The Political Economy of Agricultural Policies and Negotiations', in Bilal and Pezaros (eds.), Negotiating the Future of Agricultural Policies: Agricultural Trade and the Millennium WTO Round (The Hague: Kluwer Law International).
14. Blanchet, J., Chéreau, C., Debar, J.-C., and Revel, A. (1996) La révolution agricole Américaine (Paris: Economica).
15. Blom, J. C. (2002) 'The Future of the CAP-A Discussion About the Need of a Shift in Instruments', Paper presented to the Workshop on 'Desirable Evolution of the CAP: A Contribution', Brussels, 23 September.
16. Boden, F., Canete, M. A., Pinto, A. J. C. S., Gaymard, H., Happart, J., Molterer, W., and Walsh, J. (2002) 'CAP is Something we can be Proud of', Financial Times, 23 September: 22.
17. Brown, C. G. (1990) 'Distributional Aspects of CAP Price Support', European Review of Agricultural Economics, 17(3): 289-301.
18. Buckwell, A., Blom, J., Commins, P., Hervieu, B., Hofreither, M., von Meyer, H., Rabinowicz, E, Sotte, F., and Vîna, J. M. S. (1997) 'Towards a Common Agricultural and Rural Policy for Europe', European Economy, Reports and Studies No. 5.
19. Bureau, J.-C. and Mahé, L.-P. (2008) CAP Reform Beyond 2013: An Idea for a Longer View (Paris: Notre Europe).
20. Burrell, A. (2000) 'The World Trade Organisation and EU Agricultural Policy', in A. Burrell and A. Oskam (eds.), Agricultural Policy and Enlargement of the European Union (Wageningen: Wageningen Pers), pp. 91-109.
21. Burrell, A. (2009) 'The CAP: Looking Back, Looking Ahead', Journal of European Integration, 31(3): 271-89.
22. Butler, M. (1986) Europe: More than a Continent (London: Heinemann).
23. Cardwell, M. (2004) The European Model of Agriculture (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
24. Chatzopoulou, S. (2004) 'The European Parliament: From a Consultative to a Decisive Institution in the CAP Making Process', in G. Van Huylenbroeck, W. Verbeke, and L. Lauwers (eds.), Role of Institutions in Rural Policies and Agricultural Markets (Amsterdam: Elsevier), pp. 75-91.
25. Coleman, W. D. and Chiasson, C. (2002) 'State Power, Transformative Capacity and Adapting to Globalization: An Analysis of French Agricultural Policy, 1960-2000', Journal of European Public Policy, 9(2): 168-85.
26. Coleman, W. D. and Chiasson, C. and Tangermann, S. (1999) 'The 1992 CAP Reform, the Uruguay Round and the Commission: Conceptualizing Linked Policy Games', Journal of Common Market Studies, 37(3): 385-405.
27. Commission of the European Communities (1968) Memorandum on the Reform of Agriculture in the European Economic Community, COM(68)1000 Part A (Brussels: CEC).
28. Commission of the European Communities (1975a) Stocktaking of the Common Agricultural Policy, COM(75)100 (Brussels: CEC).
29. Commission of the European Communities (1975b) Proposal for a Regulation (EEC) of the Council on the Transitional Common Organisation of the Market in Sheepmeat, COM(75)446 (Brussels: CEC).
30. Commission of the European Communities (1987) The Agricultural Situation in the Community 1986 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).
31. Commission of the European Communities (1990) 'Uruguay Round. Agriculture. European Communities Offer Submitted Pursuant to MTN.TNC/15', 7 November, unpublished.
32. Commission of the European Communities (1991a) Communication to the Council: The Development and Future of the CAP. Reflections Paper of the Commission, COM(91)100 (Brussels: CEC).
33. Commission of the European Communities (1991b) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. The Development and Future of the Common Agriculture Policy. Follow-up to the Reflections Paper COM(91)100 of 1 February 1991-Proposals of the Commission, COM (91)258/3 Revised Version (Brussels: CEC).
34. Commission of the European Communities (1995) Study on Alternative Strategies for the Development of Relations in the Field of Agriculture between the EU and the Associated Countries with a View to Future Accession of these Countries (Agricultural Strategy Paper), Prepared for the European Council Madrid, December 15-16, 1992, CSE(95)607 (Brussels: CEC).
35. Commission of the European Communities (1996) The Cork Declaration-A Living Countryside, (last accessed 6 October 2009).
36. Commission of the European Communities (1997) 'Agenda 2000. For a Stronger and Wider union. Document Drawn up on the Basis of COM(97)2000 Final', Bulletin of the European Union, 97(Supplement 5).
37. Commission of the European Communities (1998a) Proposals for Council Regulations (EC) Concerning the Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, COM(1998)158 (Brussels: CEC).
38. Commission of the European Communities (1998b) Financing the European Union. Commission Report on the Operation of the Own Resources System, COM(1998)560 (Brussels: CEC).
39. Commission of the European Communities (2000) Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Laying down the General Principles and Requirements of Food Law, Establishing the European Food Authority, and Laying down Procedures in Matters of Food, COM(2000)716, (Brussels: CEC)
40. Commission of the European Communities (2001) Europeans and the Common Agricultural Policy, Eurobarometer Report No. 55.2 for the Directorate-General for Agriculture (Brussels: CEC).
41. Commission of the European Communities (2002a) Enlargement and Agriculture: Successfully Integrating the New Member States into the CAP. Issues Paper, SEC(2002)95 (Brussels: CEC).
42. Commission of the European Communities (2002b) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Mid-Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy, COM(2002)394 (Brussels: CEC).
43. Commission of the European Communities (2002c) Questions & Answers-US Farm Bill (Brussels: CEC) at: (last accessed 5 January 2010).
44. Commission of the European Communities (2003) Proposal for a Council Regulation Establishing Common Rules for Direct Support Schemes under the Common Agricultural Policy and Support Schemes for Producers of Certain Crops..., with an Explanatory Memorandum entitled 'A Long-term Policy Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture', COM(2003)23 (Brussels: CEC).
45. Commission of the European Communities (2007a) Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Common Organisation of the Market in Wine and Amending Certain Regulations, COM(2007)372 (Brussels: CEC).
46. Commission of the European Communities (2007b) Reforming the Budget, Changing Europe-A Public Consultation Paper in View of the 2008/2009 Budget Review, SEC(2007)1188 (Brussels: CEC).
47. Commission of the European Communities (2007c) Preparing for the 'Health Check' of the CAP Reform, COM(2007)722 (Brussels: CEC).
48. Commission of the European Communities (2008a) Proposal for a Council Regulation Establishing Common Rules for Direct Support Schemes for Farmers under the Common Agricultural Policy and Establishing Certain Support Schemes for Farmers..., COM(2008)306/4 (Brussels: CEC).
49. Commission of the European Communities (2008b) Tackling the Challenge of Rising Food Prices. Directions for EU Action, COM(2008)321 (Brussels: CEC).
50. Commission of the European Communities (2009) 'A Reform Agenda for a Global Europe [Reforming the Budget, Changing Europe]. The 2008/2009 EU Budget Review', Draft 06-10-2009, unofficial leaked text, at: (last accessed 18 February 2010).
51. Conseil Européen des Jeunes Agriculteurs (2003a) 'A Good CAP Reform Rather that a Quick CAP Reform', Press Release, 16 June (Brussels: CEJA).
52. Commission of the European Communities (2003b) 'How Common will the Common Agricultural Policy Remain After the Reform?', Press Release, 19 June (Brussels: CEJA).
53. Commission of the European Communities (2003c) 'The Future of the Common Agricultural Policy', Press Release, 27 June (Brussels: CEJA).
54. COPA (1991) Propositions du COPA Concernant l'avenir de la Politique Agricole Commune, Pr (91)13 (Brussels: COPA).
55. COPA/COGECA (1998) The European Model of Agriculture. The Way Ahead (Brussels: COPA/COGECA).
56. COPA/COGECA (2003a) Background Note on the Commission Proposal: Modulation and Degression (Brussels: COPA/COGECA).
57. COPA/COGECA (2003b) Communiqué de Presse: Ne Mettez pas en Danger le Rôle Multifonctionnel de l'Agriculture (Brussels: COPA/COGECA).
58. COPA/COGECA (2008a) COPA-COGECA Declaration on the World Food Prices (Brussels: COPA/COCEGA).
59. COPA/COGECA (2008b) Health Check of the CAP: A Compromise Which Weakens Farmers' Incomes (Brussels: COPA/COCEGA).
60. Corbett, R. Jacobs, F., and Shackleton, M. (2007) The European Parliament, 7th edn (London: John Harper Publishing).
61. Council of the European Communities (1990) 'Draft Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Council of Ministers for Agriculture with the Participation of the Ministers for Foreign Trade held in Brussels on Monday 5 and Tuesday 6 November 1990', 9736/90.
62. Council of the European Union (1997) 2045th Council Meeting-Agriculture-Brussels, 17, 18 and 19 November 1997, Press Release 12241/97 (Presse 343) (Brussels: CEU).
63. Council of the European Union (1998) 2098th Council Meeting-Agriculture-Brussels, 25/26 May 1998, Press Release 8683/98 (Presse 158) (Brussels: CEU).
64. Council of the European Union (1999) 2162nd Council Meeting-Agriculture-Brussels, 22/23/24/25/26 February 1999 and 5/9/10/11 March 1999, Press Release 6124/99 (Presse 49) (Brussels: CEU).
65. Council of the European Union (2003) CAP Reform-Presidency Compromise (in Agreement with the Commission), 10961/03, 30 June (Brussels: CEU).
66. Council of the European Union (2008) Revised and Final Presidency Compromise on Health Check Proposals (Brussels: CEU).
67. Court of Auditors (2009a) 'Annual Report of the Court of Auditors on the Implementation of the Budget Concerning the Financial Year 2008, Together with the Institutions' Replies', Official Journal of the European Union, C269, 10 November.
68. Court of Auditors (2009b) Have the Management Instruments Applied to the Market in Milk and Milk Products Achieved their Main Objectives?, Special Report No. 14/2009 (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union).
69. Croome, J. (1999) Reshaping the World Trading System. A History of the Uruguay Round, 2nd edn (The Hague: Kluwer Law International).
70. Cunha, A. (2002) 'What can we Expect from the CAP Mid Term Review?', Agra Europe, 25 January: A/1-2.
71. Cunha, A. (2004) A Política Agrícola Comum na Era da Globalização (Coimbra: Almedina).
72. Cunha, A. (2007) 'A Political Economy Analysis of the 1992, 1999 and 2003 CAP Reforms', Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Reading.
73. Cunha, A. and Swinbank, A. (2009) 'Exploring the Determinants of CAP Reform: A Delphi Survey of Key Decision-Makers', Journal of Common Market Studies, 47(2): 235-61.
74. Daugbjerg, C. (2003) 'Policy Feedback and Paradigm Shift in EU Agricultural Policy: The Effects of the MacSharry Reform on Future Reform', Journal of European Public Policy, 10(3): 421-37.
75. Daugbjerg, C. (2004) 'Why a Bond Scheme was not Adopted in 1992', in A. Swinbank and R. Tranter (eds.), A Bond Scheme for Common Agricultural Policy Reform (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
76. Daugbjerg, C. (2009) 'Sequencing in Public Policy: The Evolution of the CAP over a Decade', Journal of European Public Policy, 16(3): 395-411.
77. Daugbjerg, C. and Swinbank, A. (2004) 'The CAP and EU Enlargement: Prospects for an Alternative Strategy to Avoid the Lock-in of CAP Support', Journal of Common Market Studies, 42(1): 99-119.
78. Daugbjerg, C. and Swinbank, A. (2007) 'The Politics of CAP Reform: Trade Negotiations, Institutional Settings and Blame Avoidance', Journal of Common Market Studies, 45(1): 1-22.
79. Daugbjerg, C. and Swinbank, A. (2008) 'Curbing Agricultural Exceptionalism: The EU's Response to External Challenge', The World Economy, 30(5): 631-52.
80. Daugbjerg, C. and Swinbank, A. (2009) Ideas, Institutions and Trade: The WTO and the Curious Role of EU Farm Policy in Trade Liberalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
81. Daugbjerg, C. and Swinbank, A.(2010) 'Explaining the "Health Check" of the CAP: Budgetary Politics, Globalisation and Paradigm Change Revisited', Policy Studies, 31(forthcoming).
82. Dinan, D. (2000) 'Governance and Institutions 1999: Resignation, Reform and Renewal', Journal of Common Market Studies, 38 (Annual Review of the EU 1999/2000): 25-41.
83. European Commission (1994) The Agricultural Situation in the Community 1993 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).
84. European Commission (2000) The Community Budget: The Facts in Figures (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).
85. European Commission (2007a) 'CAP Reform: Fruit and Vegetable Reform will Raise Competitiveness, Promote Consumption, Ease Market Crises and Improve Environmental Protection', Press Release IP/07/810 (Brussels: CEU).
86. European Commission (2007b) 'CAP Reform: Commission Proposes New Cotton Reform Taking Account of Court of Justice Ruling', Press Release IP/07/1669, 9 November (Brussels: CEU).
87. European Commission (2009a) EU Budget 2008 Financial Report (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union).
88. European Commission (2009b) 'Why Do We Need a Common Agricultural Policy?', Discussion Paper by DG Agriculture and Rural Development (Brussels: CEU).
89. European Council (1999) 'Presidency Conclusions: Berlin European Council 24 and 25 March 1999', Press Release Nr. SN 100 (Brussels: CEU).
90. European Council (2001) 'Presidency Conclusions: Göteborg European Council 15 And 16 June 2001', SN 200/1/01 REV 1 (Brussels: CEU).
91. European Council (2008) 'Brussels European Council 19/20 June 2008 Presidency Conclusions', 11018/08 (Brussels: CEU).
92. European Parliament (1997a) Report on Alleged Contraventions or Maladministration in the Implementation of Community Law in Relation to BSE, without Prejudice to the Jurisdiction of the Community and National Courts, Temporary Committee of Inquiry into BSE (Rapporteur: Manuel Medina Ortega), A4-0020/97 (Brussels: European Parliament).
93. European Parliament (1997b) Common Agricultural Policy and the IGC, Intergovernmental Conference Briefing No. 33 (First update: 3 March 1997): (last accessed 19 October 2009).
94. European Parliament (1998) Report on the Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (Agenda 2000-Part One, Chapter III) (COM(97)2000-C4-0522/97), Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development, Rapporteur: Mr Arlindo Cunha, A4-0219/98, PE 226.544 (Brussels: European Parliament).
95. European Parliament (1999) The European Union and the World Trade Organisation Dispute Settlement Procedure as Applied to Agriculture, AGRI-115 (Brussels: European Parliament).
96. European Union (2003) 'A Proposal for Modalities in the WTO Agriculture Negotiations. Specific Drafting Input: EC', Paper for the Committee on Agriculture, Special Session. JOB(03)/12 (Geneva: WTO).
97. Faber, G. and Orbie, J. (eds.) (2007) European Union Trade Politics and Development: Everything but Arms Unravelled (London: Routledge).
98. Fearne, A. (1986) 'Forecasting Agricultural Policy Decisions in the European Community', Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
99. Fearne, A. (1991) 'The CAP Decision-Making Process', in Ritson and Harvey (eds.), The Common Agricultural Policy and the World Economy (Wallingford: CAB International), pp. 101-16.
100. Fennell, R. (1997) The Common Agricultural Policy: Continuity and Change (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
101. Fischler, F. (1999) 'The Agenda 2000 Agreement: "Der Himmel über Berlin" or "Sleepless in Seattle"?', Paper prepared for an Agra Europe Special Conference, Brussels, 29 June, Speech/99/101 (Brussels: CEC).
102. Fischler, F. (2001a) 'EU and US Farm Policies: Where do they Differ and Where do they Converge?', Speech at a Congressional Dinner, Washington, 17 May, Speech/01/233 (Brussels: CEC).
103. Fischler, F. (2001b) 'Agriculture-A Mirror of Society's Concerns-Challenges and Opportunities of the Current Agricultural Debate', Speech to the Annual Assembly of the Federation of Swedish Farmers, Gaevle, 29 May, Speech/01/246 (Brussels: CEC).
104. Fischler, F. (2001c) 'Choosing our Policy-European Agriculture Meeting the Challenges of WTO and Mid-Term Review', Speech at the Confederation of European Agriculture Conference, Belfast, 26 September, Speech/01/412 (Brussels: CEC).
105. Fischler, F. (2001d) 'The CAP Must Continue to Adapt to Society's Evolving Expectations', Intereconomics, 36(3): 115-18.
106. Fischler, F. (2002) 'Towards Sustainable Farming-Presentation of the Cap Mid-term Review', European Parliament, Agriculture Committee, Brussels, 10 July, Speech/02/330 (Brussels: CEC).
107. Fischler, F. (2003a) 'CAP: Why Reform is Necessary', Conference of the Chairmen of Committees for Agriculture of the Parliament of the European Union, the Candidate Countries and the European Parliament, Athens, 19 May, Speech/03/252 (Brussels: CEC).
108. Fischler, F. (2003b) 'Intervention at the European Parliament: Plenary Debate on CAP Reforms', European Parliament, Strasbourg, 3 June, Speech/03/273 (Brussels: CEC).
109. Fischler, F. (2003c) 'The New, Reformed Agricultural Policy', Final Press Conference After the Decision at the Council on Agriculture, Luxembourg, 26 June, Speech/03/326 (Brussels: CEC).
110. Fischler, F. (2004) 'The Planned Reform of the EÚs Sugar Regime and Developing Countries-Speaking Points', Least Developed Countries Sugar Conference, Brussels, 3 March, Speech/04/116 (Brussels: CEC).
111. Fischer Boel, M. (2005) 'Simplifying the CAP', Conference on Agriculture Organised by the FDP-Group of the Bundestag, Münster, 4 April, Speech/05/198 (Brussels: CEC).
112. Fischer Boel, M. (2006a) 'European Model of Agriculture', National Parliaments Conference-European Model of Agriculture, Helsinki, 12 October, Speech/06/589 (Brussels: CEC).
113. Fischer Boel, M. (2006b) 'The CAP in the European Scenario', International Forum on Agriculture and Food, Cernobbio, Italy, 20 October, Speech/06/622 (Brussels: CEC).
114. Fischer Boel, M. (2007) 'The Future of the CAP', Agra Europe Outlook Conference, London, 27 March, Speech/07/197 (Brussels: CEC)
115. Fouilleux, E. (1996) La cogestion à la Française à L'épreuve de l'Europe: L'exemple de la Réforme de la Politique Agricole Commune (Grenoble: CERAT).
116. French Government (2006) Memorandum on the Implementation and Future of the Reformed CAP, 7265/1/06, Rev1 (Brussels: CEU).
117. Garcia-Duran, P., Casanova, E. and Millet, M. (2009) 'After the Sugar Protocol', Trade Negotiations Insights, 8(7): 8-9.
118. Garzon, I. (2006) Reforming the Common Agriculture Policy: History of a Paradigm Change (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
119. GATT (1990) Framework Agreement on Agriculture Reform Programme. Draft Text by the Chairman, MTN.GNG/NG5/W/170 (Geneva: GATT).
120. Glavany, J. and Künast, R. (2001) 'Agriculture: la Réforme en Continu', Le Monde, 1 August.
121. Gomes, L. F. (2001) 'O Comportamento e Relações de Força dos Estados Membros Face à Agricultura', V Congresso da Agricultura Portuguesa, Confederação dos Agricultores de Portugal, Lisbon.
122. Grant, W. (1993) 'Pressure Groups and the European Community: An Overview', in S. Mazey and J. J. Richardson (eds.), Lobbying in the European Community (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
123. Grant, W. (1997) The Common Agricultural Policy (Basingstoke: Macmillan).
124. Grant, W. (2003) 'The Prospects for CAP Reform', The Political Quarterly, 74(1): 19-26.
125. Grant, W. (2007) 'The CAP: Has a Real Reform been Achieved?', Paper prepared for an International Conference on Agricultural Policy Changes: Canada, EU and World Trade Organisation, Victoria, Canada, 13-15 September.
126. Greer, A. (2005) Agricultural policy in Europe (Manchester: Manchester University Press.
127. Grybauskaite˙, D. (2008) 'Results of the Public Consultation', Presentation to the conference Reforming the Budget, Changing Europe, Brussels, 12 November, (last accessed 18 February 2010).
128. Haniotis, T. (2007) 'The 2003 Reform of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy and Its Relevance to the US Farm Policy Debate', in K. Arha, T. Josling, D. A. Sumner, and B. H. Thompson (eds.), US Agricultural Policy and The 2007 Farm Bill (Stanford: Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University), pp. 53-74.
129. Harris, S., Swinbank, A., and Wilkinson, G. (1983) The Food and Farm Policies of the European Community (chichester: john Wiley & Sons).
130. Hervieu, B. (1994) Les champs du futur (Paris: Editions François Bourin).
131. HM Government (2009) The 2007/08 Agricultural Price Spikes: Causes and Policy Implications (London: HM Government).
132. HM Treasury and Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2005) A Vision for the Common Agricultural Policy (London: HMSO).
133. House of Commons Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee (2003) The Mid-Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy, Third Report of Session 2002-03, HC151 (London: The Stationery Office).
134. Hubbard, L. and Ritson, C. (1991) 'The Reform of the CAP', in C. Ritson and D. R. Harvey (eds.), The Common Agricultural Policy and the World Economy (Wallingford: CAB International), pp. 295-310.
135. Hubbard, L. and Ritson, C. (1997) 'Reform of the CAP: From Mansholt to Mac Sharry', in C. Ritson and D. R. Harvey (eds.), The Common Agricultural Policy, 2nd edn (Wallingford: CABI International), pp. 81-94.
136. Ingersent, K. A. and Rayner, A. J. (1999) Agricultural Policy in Western Europe and the United States (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar).
137. Josling, T. and Swinbank, A. (forthcoming), 'European Union', in D. Orden, D. Blandford and T. Josling (eds.), WTO Disciplines on Agricultural Support: Seeking a Fair Basis for Trade (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
138. Josling, T. E., Tangermann, S., and Warley, T. K. (1996) Agriculture in the GATT (Basingstoke: Macmillan).
139. Kay, A. (1998) The Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy: The Case of the MacSharry Reforms (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
140. Kay, A. (2003) 'Path Dependency and the CAP', Journal of European Pubic Policy, 10(3): 404-20.
141. Kelch, D. and Normile, M. A. (2004) CAP Reform of 2003-04, Electronic Outlook Report from the Economic Research Service WRS-04-07 (Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture).
142. Kenyon, D. and Lee, D. (2006) The Struggle for Trade Liberalisation in Agriculture: Australia and the Cairns Group in the Uruguay Round, The Foreign Affairs and Trade Files No. 4 (Canberra: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade).
143. Kröger, S. (2009) 'Ideas, Interests or Institutions? The Drivers of Recent Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)', Working Paper No. 02/2009 (Vienna: Institute for European Integration Research).
144. Le Roy, P. (1994) La Politique Agricole Commune (Paris: Economica).
145. Le Theule, F.-G. and Litvan, D. (1993) 'La Reforme de la PAC: Analyse d'úne Négotiation Communautaire', Révue Française de Science Politique, 43(5): 775-87.
146. Leonard, D. (1998) Guide to the European Union, 6th edn (London: The Economist/Profile Books).
147. Linstone, H. A. and Turoff, M. (1975) 'Introduction', in H. A. Linstone and M. Turoff (eds.), The Delphi Method-Techniques and Applications (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).
148. Lowe, P., Buller, H., and Ward, N. (2002) 'Setting the Next Agenda? British and French Approaches to the Second Pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy', Journal of Rural Studies, 18(1): 1-17.
149. Ludlow, N. P. (2005) 'The Making of the CAP: Towards a Historical Analysis of the EU's First Major Policy', Contemporary European History, 14(3): 347-71.
150. Lynggaard, K. (2007) 'The Institutional Construction of a Policy Field: A Discursive Institutional Perspective on Change within the Common Agricultural Policy, Journal of European Public Policy, 14(2): 293-312.
151. Mac Sharry, R. (1991) 'Speech by Mr Ray Mac Sharry to the "Club De Bruxelles" on 25 April 1991', Speech/91/44 (Brussels: CEC).
152. Mahoney, C. (2004) 'The Power of Institutions: State and Interest Group Activity in the European Union', European Union Politics, 5(4): 441-66.
153. Marie, J.-L. (1994) Agriculteurs et Politique (Paris: Montchrestien).
154. Martino, J. P. (1993) Technological Forecasting for Decision Making, 3rd edn (Columbus: McGraw-Hill).
155. Massot Martí, A. (1999) El Acuerdo de Berlim sobre la Agro-Agenda 2000. El Prelúdio de una Nueva Reforma de la PAC (Brussels: European Parliament).
156. Massot Martí, A. (2002) 'La Multifuncionalidad Agraria, un nuevo Paradigma para la Reforma de la PAC y de la Organización Mundial del Comercio', Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo, 6(11): 45-84.
157. McCall, C. H. (2001) 'An Empirical Examination of the Likert Scale: Some Assumptions, Development, and Cautions', Paper Presented at the 80th Annual CERA Conference, South Lake Tahoe, CA, 15-16 November.
158. Meester, G. (2000) 'EU Institutions and the Decision-Making Process for Agricultural Policy', in A. M. Burrell and A. J. Oskam (eds.), Agricultural Policy and Enlargement of the European Union (Wageningen: Wageningen Pers), pp. 37-52.
159. Meester, G. and van der Zee, F. A. (1993) 'EC Decision-Making, Institutions and the Common Agricultural Policy', European Review of Agricultural Economics, 20(2): 131-50.
160. Menrad, K., Agrafiotis, D., Enzing, C. M., Lemkow, L., and Terragni, F. (1999) Future Impacts of Biotechnology on Agriculture, Food Production and Food Processing-A Delphi Survey (Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag).
161. Milward, A. S. (2000) The European Rescue of the Nation-State, 2nd edn (London: Routledge).
162. Ministério da Agricultura, Desenvolvimento Rural e Pescas (2003) The Impact of the EC's Total Decoupling Proposals on Portuguese Agriculture (Lisbon: Minister's Office).
163. Ministério de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (2002) Efectos que la Propuesta de Reforma de la PAC Tendrá Sobre la Producción de Cultivos COP (Cereales, Oleaginosas y Proteaginosas), las Leguminosas y el Arroz (Madrid: Dirección General de Agricultura).
164. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1995) European Agriculture: The Case for Radical Reform, Conclusions of the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food's CAP Review Group (London: MAFF).
165. Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (2008) European Agricultural Policy 2020: The Dutch Outlook (The Hague: Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality): (last accessed 18 February 2010).
166. Moravcsik, A. (2000a) 'De Gaulle Between Grain and Grandeur: The Political Economy of French EC Policy, 1958-1970 (Part I)', Journal of Cold War Studies, 2(2): 3-43.
167. Moravcsik, A. (2000b) 'De Gaulle Between Grain and Grandeur: The Political Economy of French EC Policy, 1958-1970 (Part II)', Journal of Cold War Studies, 2(3): 4-68.
168. Moyer, H. W. (2004) 'Embedded Inflexibility in US and EU Agricultural Policy Processes: Why Policy Change is not Easily Induced by Outside Pressures', Paper presented at the XI World Congress of Rural Sociology, Trondheim, 25-30 July.
169. Moyer, H. W. and Josling, T. E. (1990) Agricultural Policy Reform: Politics and Process in the EC and the USA (Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf).
170. Moyer, H. W. (2002) Agricultural Policy Reform: Politics and Process in the EU and US in the 1990s (Aldershot: Ashgate).
171. Mullen, P. M. (2000) 'When is Delphi not Delphi?', Discussion Paper No. 37 (Birmingham: School of Public Policy, University of Birmingham).
172. Nallet H. and van Stolk, A. (1994) 'Relations between the European Union and the Central and Eastern European Countries in Matters Concerning Agriculture and Food Production', Paper circulated by European Commission DG-VI (Brussels: European Commission).
173. Nedergaard, P. (2006) 'The 2003 Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy: Against All Odds or Rational Explanations?', Journal of European Integration, 28(3): 203-23.
174. Neville-Rolfe, E. (1984) The Politics of Agriculture in the European Community (London: Policy Studies Institute).
175. OECD (1987) National Policies and International Trade (Paris: OECD).
176. OECD (1996) Agricultural Policies, Markets and Trade. Monitoring and Outlook 1996 (Paris: OECD).
177. OECD (1998) Agricultural Policy Reform and the Rural Economy in OECD Countries (Paris: OECD).
178. Oppenheim, A. N. (1992) Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement (London: Pinter).
179. Paarlberg, R. (1997) 'Agricultural Policy Reform and the Uruguay Round: Synergistic Linkage in a Two-Level Game?', International Organization, 51(3): 413-44.
180. Paemen, H. and Bensch, A. (1995) From the GATT to the WTO. The European Community in the Uruguay Round (Leuven: Leuven University Press).
181. Peterson, J. and Bomberg, E. (1999) Decision-Making in the European Union (Houndmills: Macmillan).
182. Petit, M. (1985) Determinants of Agricultural Policies in the United States and the European Community, Research Report 51 (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute).
183. Petit, M. (2002) 'The New US Farm Bill: Lessons from a Complete Ideological Turnaround', EuroChoices, 1(3): 36-40.
184. Petit, M. (2003) 'The Current Process of CAP Reform. Implications for WTO Negotiations', Contributed paper to the International Conference 'Agricultural Policy Reform and the WTO: Where are we Heading?', Capri, 23-26 June.
185. Petit, M. de Benedictis, M., Britton, D., de Groot, M., Henrichsmeyer, H., and Lechi, F. (1987) Agricultural Policy Formation in the European Community: The Birth of Milk Quotas and CAP Reform (Amsterdam: Elsevier).
186. Pirzio-Biroli, C. (2008) 'An Inside Perspective on the Political Economy of the Fischler Reforms', in Swinnen (ed.), The Perfect Storm? The Political Economy of the Fischler Reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies), pp. 102-14.
187. Pollack, M. A. (1997) 'Delegation, Agency, and Agenda Setting in the European Community', International Organization, 51(1): 99-134.
188. Putnam, R. D. (1988) 'Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games', International Organization, 42(3): 427-60.
189. Richardson, B. (2009) 'Restructuring the EU-ACP Sugar Regime: Out of the Strong there Came Forth Sweetness', Review of International Political Economy, 16(4): 673-97.
190. Rieger, E. (2000) 'The Common Agricultural Policy: Politics Against Markets', in Wallace and Wallace (eds.), Policy-Making in the European Union, 4th edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 179-210.
191. Rieger, E. (2005) 'Agricultural Policy: Constrained Reforms', in H. Wallace, W. Wallace, and M. A. Pollack (eds.), Policy-Making in the European Union, 5th edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 161-90.
192. Ringe, N. (2005) 'Government-Opposition Dynamics in the European Union: The Santer Commission Resignation Crisis', European Journal of Political Research, 44(5): 671-96.
193. Ritson, C. and Swinbank, A. (1997) 'Europe's Green Money', in C. Ritson and D. R. Harvey (eds.), The Common Agricultural Policy, 2nd edn (Wallingford: CABI Publishing), pp. 115-37.
194. Ritson, C. and Tangermann, S. (1979) 'The Economics and Politics of Monetary Compensatory Amounts', European Review of Agricultural Economics, 6(1): 119-64.
195. Roederer-Rynning C. (2003) 'From "Talking Shop" to "Working Parliament"? The European Parliament and Agricultural Change', Journal of Common Market Studies, 41(1): 113-35.
196. Ross, G. (1995) Jacques Delors and European Integration (Cambridge: Polity Press).
197. Santer, J. (1997) 'Debate on the Report by the Committee of Inquiry into BSE', European Parliament, Strasbourg, 18 February 1997, Speech/97/39 (Brussels: CEC).
198. Sarkozy, N. (2007) International Trade Fair for Livestock-Speech by M. Nicolas Sarkozy, President of the Republic, 11 September, Rennes, English text from the Elysée website (French Embassy: London): (last accessed 22 February 2010).
199. Schmidt, S. K. (1997) 'Behind the Council Agenda: The Commission's Impact on Decisions', MPIfG Discussion Paper 97/4 (Köln: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung).
200. Senior Nello, S. (1984) 'An Application of Public Choice Theory to the Question of CAP Reform', European Review of Agricultural Economics, 11(3): 261-83.
201. Senior Nello, S. (1997) 'Applying the New Political Economy Approach to Agricultural Policy Formation in the European Union', Working Paper RSC No. 97/21 (Florence: European University Institute).
202. Serger, S. S. (2001) Negotiating CAP Reform in the European Union-Agenda 2000, Report 2001: 4 (Lund: Swedish Institute for Food and Agricultural Economics).
203. Skogstad, G. (2001) 'The WTO and Food Safety Regulatory Policy Innovation in the European Union', Journal of Common Market Studies, 39(3): 485-505.
204. Snyder, F. G. (1985) Law of the Common Agricultural Policy (London: Sweet & Maxwell).
205. Stocker, T. R. (1983) 'Pressures on Policy Formation', in J. Burns, J. McInerney, and A. Swinbank (eds.), The Food Industry: Economics and Policy (London: Heinemann), pp. 240-56.
206. Strasser, D. (1991) The Finances of Europe. The Budgetary and Financial Law of the European Communities, 7th edn (3rd English edition) (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).
207. Swinbank, A. (1993) 'Completion of the EC's Internal Market, Mutual Recognition, and the Food Industries', Agribusiness: An International Journal, 9(5): 509-22.
208. Swinbank, A. (1997) 'The CAP Decision-making Process', in C. Ritson and D. R. Harvey (eds.), The Common Agricultural Policy, 2nd edn (Wallingford: CABI Publishing), pp. 57-80.
209. Swinbank, A. (1999) 'CAP Reform and the WTO: Compatibility and Developments', European Review of Agricultural Economics, 26(3): 389-407.
210. Swinbank, A. (2002) 'Direct Payments and the Impasse over CAP Reform', Agra Europe, 22 February: A/1-2.
211. Swinbank, A. (2008) 'Potential WTO Challenges to the CAP', Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(4): 445-56.
212. Swinbank, A. (2009) 'EU Sugar Policy: An Extraordinary Story of Continuity, But Then Change', Journal of World Trade, 43(3): 603-20.
213. Swinbank, A. and Daugbjerg, C. (2006) 'The 2003 CAP Reform: Accommodating WTO Pressures', Comparative European Politics, 4(1): 47-64.
214. Swinbank, A. and Tangermann, S. (2004) 'A Bond Scheme to Facilitate CAP Reform', in A. Swinbank and R. Tranter (eds.), A Bond Scheme for Common Agricultural Policy Reform (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
215. Swinbank, A. and Tanner, C. (1996) Farm Policy and Trade Conflict: The Uruguay Round and CAP Reform (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press).
216. Swinbank, A. and Tranter, R. (2005) 'Decoupling EU Farm Support: Does the New Single Payment Scheme Fit within the Green Box?', The Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, 6(1): 47-61.
217. Swinnen, J. F. M. (2008) 'The Political Economy of the Fischler Reforms of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy. The Perfect Storm?', in J. F. M. Swinnen (ed.), The Perfect Storm? The Political Economy of the Fischler Reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies), pp. 135-66.
218. Syrrakos, B. (2008) 'An Uncommon Policy: Theoretical and Empirical Notes on Elite Decision-Making during the 2003 CAP Reforms', in J. F. M. Swinnen (ed.), The Perfect Storm? The Political Economy of the Fischler Reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies), pp. 115-34.
219. Tallberg, J. (2004) 'The Power of the Presidency: Brokerage, Efficiency and Distribution in EU Negotiations', Journal of Common Market Studies, 42(5): 999-1022.
220. Tangermann, S. (1991) 'A Bond Scheme for Supporting Farm Incomes', in J. Marsh, B. Green, B. Kearney, L. Mahé, S. Tangermann, and S. Tarditi (eds.), The Changing Role of the Common Agricultural Policy: The Future of Farming in Europe (London: Belhaven).
221. Tangermann, S. (1996) 'Assessment of the MacSharry Reforms: Lessons for the Future', Paper prepared for the CEPS Working Party on European Agricultural Policy: Between Reform and Enlargement (Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies).
222. Tangermann, S. (1997) 'Agenda 2000: One Step Forwards, One Sideways', Agra Europe, 22 August: P/3-6.
223. Tangermann, S. (1998) 'An Ex-post Review of the 1992 MacSharry Reform', in K. A. Ingersent, A. Rayner, and R. C. Hine (eds.), The Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (Basingstoke: Macmillan).
224. Tangermann, S. (1999) 'Agenda 2000: Tactics, Diversion and Frustration', Agra Europe, 28 May: A/1-4.
225. Tanner, C. and Swinbank, A. (1987) 'Prospects for Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy', Food Policy, 12(4): 290-4.
226. Tracy, M. (1982) Agriculture in Western Europe: Challenge and Response 1880-1980, 2nd edn (London: Granada).
227. van der Zee, F. (1997) Political Economy Models and Agricultural Policy Formulation: Empirical Applicability and Relevance for the CAP (Leiden: Backhuys Publishers).
228. van Vliet, H. (2000) 'WTO Dispute Settlement and Agriculture: Lessons for Negotiators', in S. Bilal and P. Pezaros (eds.), Negotiating the Future of Agricultural Policies: Agricultural Trade and the Millennium WTO Round (Amsterdam: Kluwer Law International), pp. 225-32.
229. von Urff, W. (2002) 'Expectations and Challenges-Reasons for Re-initiating the Discussions on a CAP Reform', Paper presented to the Workshop on 'Desirable Evolution of the CAP: A Contribution', Brussels, 23 September.
230. Vincent, K. (2004) '"Mad Cows" and Eurocrats-Community Responses to the BSE Crisis', European Law Journal, 10(5): 499-517.
231. Wallace, H. (2005) 'An Institutional Anatomy and Five Policy Models', in H. Wallace, W. Wallace, and M. A. Pollack (eds.), Policy-Making in the European Union, 5th edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 49-90.
232. Webber, D. (1998) 'The Hard Core: The Franco-German Relationship and Agricultural Crisis Politics in the European Union', Working Paper RSC No. 98/46 (Florence: European University Institute).
233. Wenberg, E. (2010) EU New Member States Complain About Agricultural Subsidies, GAIN Report Number: PL1003, Global Agricultural Information Network (Washington: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service).
234. Westhoff, P. and Binfield, J. (2008) 'US Farm Bill 2008: Back to the Future?', EuroChoices, 7(3): 17-22.
235. World Trade Organization (2000) EC Comprehensive Negotiating Proposal, G/AG/NG/W/90 (Geneva: WTO).
236. World Trade Organization (2001) Ministerial Conference Fourth Session Doha, 9-14 November 2001 Ministerial Declaration, WT/MIN(01)/DEC/W/1 (Geneva: WTO).
237. World Trade Organization (2004) Doha Work Programme. Decision Adopted by the General Council on 1 August 2004, WT/L/579 (Geneva: WTO).
238. World Trade Organization (2008) Revised Draft Modalities for Agriculture, TN/AG/W/4/Rev.4 (Geneva: WTO).