Neonatal sepsis: the gut connection

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 215-222

  Basu, S ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHOLERA AND ENTERIC DISEASES   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACID SECRETION; ACINETOBACTER; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION; BACTEROIDES; BIFIDOBACTERIUM; CLOSTRIDIUM; COLONY FORMING UNIT; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; ENTEROBACTER; ESCHERICHIA COLI; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INTESTINE FLORA; INTESTINE MOTILITY; INTESTINE MUCOSA; KLEBSIELLA; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; NEWBORN; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; NEWBORN SEPSIS; NONHUMAN; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS; REVIEW; SEPTICEMIA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; MICROBIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SEPSIS;

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; SEPSIS;

EID: 84921758688     PISSN: 09349723     EISSN: 14354373     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2232-6     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Wilks M (2007) Bacteria and early human development. Early Hum Dev 83:165–170
2. Round JL, Mazmanian SK (2009) The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 9:313–323
3. Rennie JM (2005) Roberton’s textbook of neonatology, 4th edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
4. Goldmann DA (1981) Bacterial colonization and infection in the neonate. Am J Med 70:417–422
5. Udall JN Jr (1990) Gastrointestinal host defense and necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 117:S33–S43
6. van Saene HK, Taylor N, Donnell SC, Glynn J, Magnall VL, Okada Y, Klein NJ, Pierro A, Lloyd DA (2003) Gut overgrowth with abnormal flora: the missing link in parenteral nutrition-related sepsis in surgical neonates. Eur J Clin Nutr 57:548–553
7. Pierro A, van Saene HKF, Jones MO, Brown D, Nunn AJ, Lloyd DA (1998) Clinical impact of abnormal gut flora in infants receiving parenteral nutrition. Ann Surg 227:547–552
8. Donnell SC, Taylor N, van Saene HK, Magnall VL, Pierro A, Lloyd DA (2002) Infection rates in surgical neonates and infants receiving parenteral nutrition: a five-year prospective study. J Hosp Infect 52:273–280
9. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, Cohen J, Opal SM, Vincent JL, Ramsay G; SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS (2003) 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 31:1250–1256
10. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101:1644–1655
11. Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, Jha P, Campbell H, Walker CF, Cibulskis R, Eisele T, Liu L, Mathers C; Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF (2010) Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 375:1969–1987
12. Edmond K, Zaidi A (2010) New approaches to preventing, diagnosing, and treating neonatal sepsis. PLoS Med 7:e1000213
13. Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J; Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team (2005) 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why? Lancet 365:891–900
14. Vergnano S, Sharland M, Kazembe P, Mwansambo C, Heath PT (2005) Neonatal sepsis: an international perspective. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 90:F220–F224
15. Kuruvilla KA, Thomas N, Jesudasan MV, Jana AK (1999) Neonatal Group B Streptococcal bacteraemia in India: ten years’ experience. Acta Paediatr 88:1031–1032
16. Tan KW, Tay L, Lin R, Daniel M, Bhavani S, Lim SH (1998) Group B Streptococcal septicaemia/meningitis in neonates in a Singapore teaching hospital. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 38:418–423
17. Zaidi AKM, Thaver D, Ali SA, Khan TA (2009) Pathogens associated with sepsis in newborns and young infants in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:S10–S18
18. Karthikeyan G, Premkumar K (2001) Neonatal sepsis: Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant pathogen. Indian J Pediatr 68:715–717
19. Viswanathan R, Singh AK, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee R, Das P, Basu S (2011) Aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of neonatal sepsis at a tertiary care centre in eastern India: a 3 year study. Indian J Pediatr 78:409–412
20. Viswanathan R, Singh AK, Basu S, Chatterjee S, Roy S, Isaacs D (2014) Multi-drug-resistant, non-fermenting, gram-negative bacilli in neonatal sepsis in Kolkata, India: a 4-year study. Paediatr Int Child Health 34:56–59
21. Zaidi AKM, Huskins WC, Thaver D, Bhutta ZA, Abbas Z, Goldmann DA (2005) Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries. Lancet 365:1175–1188
22. Viswanathan R, Singh AK, Basu S, Chatterjee S, Sardar S, Isaacs D (2012) Multi-drug resistant gram negative bacilli causing early neonatal sepsis in India. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 97:F182–F187
23. Adlerberth I, Wold AE (2009) Establishment of the gut microbiota in Western infants. Acta Paediatr 98:229–238
24. Mata LJ, Urrutia JJ (1971) Intestinal colonization of breast-fed children in a rural area of low socio-economic level. Ann N Y Acad Sci 176:93–109
25. Stark PL, Lee A (1982) The microbial ecology of the large bowel of breast-fed and formula-fed infants during the first year of life. J Med Microbiol 15:189–203
26. Adlerberth I, Hanson LA, Wold AE (1999) The ontogeny of the intestinal flora. In: Sanderson IR, Walker WA (eds) Development of the gastrointestinal tract. BC Decker, Ontario, pp 279–292
27. Das P, Singh AK, Pal T, Dasgupta S, Ramamurthy T, Basu S (2011) Colonization of the gut with Gram-negative bacilli, its association with neonatal sepsis and its clinical relevance in a developing country. J Med Microbiol 60:1651–1660
28. Benno Y, Sawada K, Mitsuoka T (1984) The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. Microbiol Immunol 28:975–986
29. Penders J, Thijs C, Vink C, Stelma FF, Snijders B, Kummeling I, van den Brandt PA, Stobberingh EE (2006) Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 118:511–521
30. Tullus K, Aronsson B, Marcus S, Möllby R (1989) Intestinal colonization with clostridium difficile in infants up to 18 months of age. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 8:390–393
31. Nordberg V, Quizhpe Peralta A, Galindo T, Turlej-Rogacka A, Iversen A, Giske CG, Navér L (2013) High proportion of intestinal colonization with successful epidemic clones of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal intensive care unit in Ecuador. PLoS One 8(10):e76597
32. Marshall JC, Christou NV, Horn R, Meakins JL (1988) The microbiology of multiple organ failure. The proximal gastrointestinal tract as an occult reservoir of pathogens. Arch Surg 123:309–315
33. Marshall JC, Christou NV, Meakins JL (1993) The gastrointestinal tract. The “undrained abscess” of multiple organ failure. Ann Surg 218:111–119
34. Li J, Kudsk KA, Gocinski B, Dent D, Glezer J, Langkamp-Henken B (1995) Effects of parenteral and enteral nutrition on gut-associated lymphoid tissue. J Trauma 39:44–51
35. Billiar TR, Maddaus MA, West MA, Curran RD, Wells CA, Simmons RL (1988) Intestinal gram-negative bacterial overgrowth in vivo augments the in vitro response of Kupffer cells to endotoxin. Ann Surg 208:532–540
36. Carl MA, Ndao IM, Springman AC, Manning SD, Johnson JR, Johnston BD, Burnham CA, Weinstock ES, Weinstock GM, Wylie TN, Mitreva M, Abubucker S, Zhou Y, Stevens HJ, Hall-Moore C, Julian S, Shaikh N, Warner BB, Tarr PI (2014) Sepsis from the gut: the enteric habitat of bacteria that cause late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections. Clin Infect Dis 58(9):1211–1218
37. Madan JC, Salari RC, Saxena D, Davidson L, O’Toole GA, Moore JH, Sogin ML, Foster JA, Edwards WH, Palumbo P, Hibberd PL (2012) Gut microbial colonisation in premature neonates predicts neonatal sepsis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 97(6):F456–F462
38. Berg RD (1995) Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract. Trends Microbiol 3:149–154
39. Sherman MP (2010) New concepts of microbial translocation in the neonatal intestine: mechanisms and prevention. Clin Perinatol 37:565–579
40. Duffy LC (2000) Interactions mediating bacterial translocation in the immature intestine. J Nutr 130(2S Suppl):432S–436S
41. MacFie J, O’Boyle C, Mitchell CJ, Buckley PM, Johnstone D, Sudworth P (1999) Gut origin of sepsis: a prospective study investigating associations between bacterial translocation, gastric microflora, and septic morbidity. Gut 45:223–228
42. Cossart P, Sansonetti PJ (2004) Bacterial invasion: the paradigms of enteroinvasive pathogens. Science 304:242–248
43. Kalischuk LD, Inglis GD, Buret AG (2009) Campylobacter jejuni induces transcellular translocation of commensal bacteria via lipid rafts. Gut Pathog 1:2
44. Schwartz SN, Dowling JN, Benkovic C, DeQuittner-Buchanan M, Prostko T, Yee RB (1978) Sources of gram-negative bacilli colonizing the tracheae of intubated patients. J Infect Dis 138:227–231
45. Bonten MJ, Slaughter S, Ambergen AW, Hayden MK, van Voorhis J, Nathan C, Weinstein RA (1998) The role of “colonization pressure” in the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: an important infection control variable. Arch Intern Med 158:1127–1132
46. Donskey CJ (2004) The role of the intestinal tract as a reservoir and source for transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Clin Infect Dis 39:219–226
47. Donskey CJ (2006) Antibiotic regimens and intestinal colonization with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Clin Infect Dis 43:S62–S69
48. Roy S, Viswanathan R, Singh A, Das P, Basu S (2010) Gut colonization by multidrug-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in neonates. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 29:1495–1500
49. Ley RE, Hamady M, Lozupone C, Turnbaugh PJ, Ramey RR, Bircher JS, Schlegel ML, Tucker TA, Schrenzel MD, Knight R, Gordon JI (2008) Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 320:1647–1651
50. Salyers AA, Gupta A, Wang Y (2004) Human intestinal bacteria as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes. Trends Microbiol 12:412–416
51. Bockstael K, Van Aerschot A (2009) Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Cent Eur J Med 4:141–155
52. Nikaido H (2009) Multidrug resistance in bacteria. Annu Rev Biochem 78:119–146
53. Randrianirina F, Vedy S, Rakotovao D, Ramarokoto CE, Ratsitohaina H, Carod JF, Ratsima E, Morillon M, Talarmin A (2009) Role of contaminated aspiration tubes in nosocomial outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing SHV-2 and CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamases. J Hosp Infect 72:23–29
54. Oteo J, Cercenado E, Fernández-Romero S, Saéz D, Padilla B, Zamora E, Cuevas O, Bautista V, Campos J (2012) Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli as a cause of pediatric infections: report of a neonatal intensive care unit outbreak due to a CTX-M-14-producing strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:54–58
55. Villegas MV, Hartstein AI (2003) Acinetobacter outbreaks, 1977–2000. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24:284–295
56. Touati A, Achour W, Cherif A, Hmida HB, Afif FB, Jabnoun S, Khrouf N, Hassen AB (2009) Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii in a neonatal intensive care unit: antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyping analysis. Ann Epidemiol 19:372–378
57. Millar M, Philpott A, Wilks M, Whiley A, Warwick S, Hennessy E, Coen P, Kempley S, Stacey F, Costeloe K (2008) Colonization and persistence of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains in infants nursed in two neonatal intensive care units in East London, United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol 46:560–567
58. Queenan AM, Bush K (2007) Carbapenemases: the versatile β-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev 20:440–458
59. Shortt C (1999) The probiotic century: historical and current perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 10:411–417
60. Calder PC, Kew S (2002) The immune system: a target for functional foods? Br J Nutr 88:S165–S177
61. Mohan R, Koebnick C, Schildt J, Schmidt S, Mueller M, Possner M, Radke M, Blaut M (2006) Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 supplementation on intestinal microbiota of preterm infants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Clin Microbiol 44:4025–4031
62. Lee SJ, Cho SJ, Park EA (2007) Effects of probiotics on enteric flora and feeding tolerance in preterm infants. Neonatology 91:174–179
63. Deshpande G, Rao S, Patole S, Bulsara M (2010) Updated meta-analysis of probiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Pediatrics 125:921–930
64. Hunter CJ, Upperman JS, Ford HR, Camerini V (2008) Understanding the susceptibility of the premature infant to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pediatr Res 63:117–123