Cities and Sustainability: Polycentric Action and Multilevel Governance

Urban Affairs Review

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 46-73

  Homsy, George C ^a   Warner, Mildred E ^b  

^a BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

environmental governance; municipal policy; sustainability

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; METROPOLITAN AREA; PLANNING THEORY; POLICY MAKING; SUSTAINABILITY; URBAN PLANNING;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84921647896     PISSN: 10780874     EISSN: 15528332     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1078087414530545     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Andrews C.,Jonas H. C.,Mantell N.,Solomon R.Deliberating on Statewide Energy Targets.Journal of Planning Education and Research. 2008;28 (1): 6-20
2. Benner C.,Pastor M.Moving on Up? Regions, Megaregions, and the Changing Geography of Social Equity Organizing.Urban Affairs Review. 2011;47 (3): 315-48
3. Betsill M.Mitigating Climate Change in US Cities: Opportunities and Obstacles.Local Environment. 2001;6 (4): 393-406
4. Betz M. R.,Partridge M. D.,Kraybill D. S.,Lobao L.Why Do Localities Provide Economic Development Incentives? Geographic Competition, Political Constituencies, and Government Capacity.Growth and Change. 2012;43 (3): 361-91
5. Bowman A.,Kearney R. C.Are U.S. Cities Losing Power and Authority? Perceptions of Local Government Actors.Urban Affairs Review. 2012;48 (4): 528-46
6. Brown D. L.,Glasgow N.Rural Retirement Migration. Dordrecht: Springer; 2008:
7. Bulkeley H.Cities and the Governing of Climate Change.Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2010;35 (1): 229-53
8. Bulkeley H.,Betsill M.Cities and Climate Change: Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance. London: Routledge; 2003:
9. Bulkeley H.,Betsill M.Rethinking Sustainable Cities: Multilevel Governance and the ‘Urban’ Politics of Climate Change.Environmental Politics. 2005;14 (1): 42-63
10. Bulkeley H.,Kern K.Local Government and the Governing of Climate Change in Germany and the UK.Urban Studies. 2006;43 (12): 2237-59
11. Bullard R. D.,Johnson G. S.Environmentalism and Public Policy: Environmental Justice: Grassroots Activism and Its Impact on Public Policy Decision Making.Journal of Social Issues. 2000;56 (3): 555-78
12. Burby R. J.,May P. J.Intergovernmental Environmental Planning: Addressing the Commitment Conundrum.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 1998;41 (1): 95-110
13. Campbell S.Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development.Journal of the American Planning Association. 1996;62 (3): 296-312
14. Carter R.,Culp S.Planning for Climate Change in the West. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy; 2010:
15. Christensen T.,Laegreid P.New Public Management: Puzzles of Democracy and the Influence of Citizens.Journal of Political Philosophy. 2002;10 (3): 267-95
16. Conroy M. M.,Berke P. R.What Makes a Good Sustainable Development Plan? An Analysis of Factors that Influence Principles of Sustainable Development.Environment and Planning A. 2004;36 (8): 1381-96
17. Conroy M. M.,Iqbal A.Adoption of Sustainability Initiatives in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio.Local Environment. 2009;14 (2): 109-25
18. Corburn J.Cities, Climate Change and Urban Heat Island Mitigation: Localising Global Environmental Science.Urban Studies. 2009;46 (2): 413-27
19. Daniels T.Smart Growth: A New American Approach to Regional Planning.Planning Practice & Research. 2001;16 (3–4): 271-79
20. Downs A.Smart Growth: Why We Discuss It More than We Do It.Journal of the American Planning Association. 2005;71 (4): 367-78
21. Feiock R. C.,West J. P.Testing Competing Explanations for Policy Adoption: Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Programs.Political Research Quarterly. 1993;46 (2): 399-419
22. Fiorino D. J.The New Environmental Regulation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 2006:
23. Fiorino D. J.Sustainability as a Conceptual Focus for Public Administration.Public Administration Review. 2010;70s78-s88
24. Fischel W. A.The Homevoter Hypothesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press; 2001:
25. Frug G. E.City Making: Building Communities Without Building Walls. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press; 1999:
26. Frug G. E.,Barron D. J.City Bound: How States Stifle Urban Innovation. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press; 2008:
27. Fung A.Innovations in Government: Research, Recognition, and Replication. Borins S., ed. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2008:52-70.
28. Gargan J. J.Consideration of Local Government Capacity.Public Administration Review. 1981;41 (6): 649-58
29. Gendron R.,Domhoff G. W.The Leftmost City. Boulder: Westview Press; 2009:
30. Hanna K. S.Planning for Sustainability: Experiences in Two Contrasting Communities.Journal of the American Planning Association. 2005;71 (1): 27-40
31. Hardin G.The Tragedy of the Commons.Science. 1968;162 (3859): 1243-48
32. Hart S. L.,Milstein M. B.Creating Sustainable Value.The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005). 2003;17 (2): 56-69
33. Hefetz A.,Warner M. E.,Vigoda-Gadot E.Privatization and Intermunicipal Contracting: The US Local Government Experience 1992–2007.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2012;30 (4): 675-92
34. Homsy G. C.The Land Use Planning Impacts of Moving ‘Partial Takings’ from Political Theory to Legal Reality.The Urban Lawyer. 2005;37 (2): 269-98
35. Homsy G. C.,Warner M. E.Municipal Year Book 2012. Washington, DC: ICMA Press.; 2012:53-61.
36. Homsy G. C.,Warner M. E.Climate Change and the Co-production of Knowledge and Policy in Rural USA Communities.Sociologia Ruralis. 2013;53 (3): 291-310
37. Honadle B. W.Theoretical and Practical Issues of Local Government Capacity in an Era of Devolution.Journal of Regional Analysis & Policy. 2001;31 (1): 77-90
38. Howell-Moroney M.Community Characteristics, Open Space Preservation and Regionalism: Is There a Connection?.Journal of Urban Affairs. 2004a;26 (1): 109-18
39. Howell-Moroney M.What Are the Determinants of Open-Space Ballot Measures? An Extension of the Research.Social Science Quarterly. 2004b;85 (1): 169-79
40. Jasanoff S.States of Knowledge: The Co-production of Science and Social Order. Jasanoff S., ed. New York: Routledge; 2004:1-12.
41. JochemE.MadlenerR.2003. “The Forgotten Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation: Innovation, Technological Leapfrogging, Employment, and Sustainable Development.” Paper presented at the Benefits of Climate Policy: Improving Information for Policy Makers workshop, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France, December 12-13, 2002, http://www1.oecd.org/environment/cc/19524534.pdf (accessed March 31, 2014).
42. Johnson K. M.,Pelissero J. P.,Holian D. B.,Maly M. T.Local Government Fiscal Burden in Nonmetropolitan America.Rural Sociology. 1995;60 (3): 381-98
43. Jordan A.The Governance of Sustainable Development: Taking Stock and Looking Forwards.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2008;26 (1): 17-33
44. Kousky C.,Schneider S. H.Global Climate Policy: Will Cities Lead the Way?”.Climate Policy. 2003;3 (4): 359-72
45. Krause R. M.An Assessment of the Greenhouse Gas Reducing Activities Being Implemented in US Cities.Local Environment. 2011a;16 (2): 193-211
46. Krause R. M.Policy Innovation, Intergovernmental Relations, and the Adoption of Climate Protection Initiatives by U.S. Cities.Journal of Urban Affairs. 2011b;33 (1): 45-60
47. Kronsell A.Legitimacy for Climate Policies: Politics and Participation in the Green City of Freiburg.Local Environment. 2013;18 (8): 965-82
48. Liu J.,Wu S.,Zidek J. V.On Segmented Multivariate Regression.Statistica Sinica. 1997;7:497-526
49. Lowery D.A Transactions Costs Model of Metropolitan Governance: Allocation Versus Redistribution in Urban America.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 2000;10 (1): 49-78
50. Lubell M.,Feiock R. C.,Handy S.City Adoption of Environmentally Sustainable Policies in California’s Central Valley.Journal of the American Planning Association. 2009;75 (3): 293-308
51. Lutsey N.,Sperling D.America’s Bottom-Up Climate Change Mitigation Policy.Energy Policy. 2008;36 (2): 673-85
52. May P. J.,Burby R. J.,Ericksen N. J.,Handmer J. W.,Dixon J. E.,Michaels S.,Ingle Smith D.Environmental Management and Governance: Intergovernmental Approaches to Hazards and Sustainability. London: Routledge; 1996:
53. McGinnis M.Polycentric Governance and Development. McGinnis M., ed. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press.; 1999:1-28.
54. Nagendra H.,Ostrom E.Polycentric Governance of Multifunctional Forested Landscapes.International Journal of the Commons. 2012;6 (2): 104-33
55. Nalbandian J.Professionals and the Conflicting Forces of Administrative Modernization and Civic Engagement.The American Review of Public Administration. 2005;35 (4): 311-26
56. Nelson K. L.,Svara J. H.Form of Government Still Matters Fostering Innovation in U.S. Municipal Governments.The American Review of Public Administration. 2012;42 (3): 257-81
57. Neugarten R. A.,Wolf S. A.,Stedman R. C.Forest Fights and Forest Rights: Working Forests as a Strategy for Reducing Tensions in New York State.Society & Natural Resources. 2012;25 (12): 1205-20
58. Norris D. F.Whither Metropolitan Governance?”.Urban Affairs Review. 2001;36 (4): 532-50
59. O’Connell L.The Impact of Local Supporters on Smart Growth Policy Adoption.Journal of the American Planning Association. 2009;75 (3): 281-91
60. Oliver J. E.Democracy in Suburbia. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press; 2001:
61. Orfield M.American Metropolitics: The New Suburban Reality. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2002:
62. Ostrom E.Nested Externalities and Polycentric Institutions: Must We Wait for Global Solutions to Climate Change Before Taking Actions at Other Scales?.Economic Theory. 2010a;49 (2): 353-69
63. Ostrom E.Polycentric Systems for Coping with Collective Action and Global Environmental Change.Global Environmental Change. 2010b;20 (4): 550-57
64. Ostrom V.,Tiebout C. M.,Warren R.The Organization of Government in Metropolitan Areas: A Theoretical Inquiry.The American Political Science Review. 1961;55 (4): 831-42
65. Pastor M.,Lester T. W.,Scoggins J.Why Regions? Why Now? Who Cares?”.Journal of Urban Affairs. 2009;31 (3): 269-96
66. Pendall R.Local Land Use Regulation and the Chain of Exclusion.Journal of the American Planning Association. 2000;66 (2): 125-42
67. Peterson P. E.City Limits. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press; 1981:
68. Phoenix L. E.Introduction: Small Municipalities and Water Supply.Water Resources Impact. 2002;4 (2): 2-3
69. Pitt D.The Impact of Internal and External Characteristics on the Adoption of Climate Mitigation Policies by US Municipalities.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2010;28 (5): 851-71
70. Portney K. E.Education and Smart Growth Policies in U.S. Cities: A Response to Lenahan O’Connell.Social Science Quarterly. 2008;89 (5): 1378-83
71. Portney K. E.Taking Sustainable Cities Seriously: Economic Development, the Environment, and Quality of Life in American Cities. 2013. Taking Sustainable Cities Seriously: Economic Development, the Environment, and Quality of Life in American Cities. 2nd ed.Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 2013:
72. Portney K. E.,Berry J. M.Urban Advocacy Groups, City Governance, and the Pursuit of Sustainability in American Cities.Paper presented at the 2010 Meetings of the American Political Science Association; 2010Washington, DC; 2010.
73. Saha D.,Paterson R. G.Local Government Efforts to Promote the ‘Three Es’ of Sustainable Development: Survey in Medium to Large Cities in the United States.Journal of Planning Education and Research. 2008;28 (1): 21-37
74. Salkin P. E.Providing for Alternate Members on Planning and Zoning Boards: Drafting Effective Local Laws.Planning & Environmental Law. 2009;61 (8): 3-7
75. Salkin P. E.,Ostrow A. P.Cooperative Federalism and Wind: A New Framework for Achieving Sustainability.Hofstra Law Review. 2008;37:1049-1098
76. Schmidt S.,Paulsen K.Is Open-Space Preservation a Form of Exclusionary Zoning? The Evolution of Municipal Open-Space Policies in New Jersey.Urban Affairs Review. 2009;45 (1): 92-118
77. Schneider M.,Teske P.,Mintrom M.Public Entrepreneurs. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press; 1995:
78. Sharp E. B.,Daley D. M.,Lynch M. S.Understanding Local Adoption and Implementation of Climate Change Mitigation Policy.Urban Affairs Review. 2011;47 (3): 433-57
79. Siskind P.The New Suburban History. Kruse K. M.Sugrue T. J., ed. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press; 2006:161-82.
80. Sovacool B. K.The Best of Both Worlds: Environmental Federalism and the Need for Federal Action on Renewable Energy and Climate Change.Stanford Environmental Law Journal. 2008;27 (2): 397-476
81. Svara J. H.The Municipal Year Book 2011. Washington, DC: ICMA Press.; 2011:43-60.
82. Svara J. H.,Read A.,Moulder E.Breaking New Ground: Promoting Environmental and Energy Programs in Local Government. Conserving Energy and the Environment. Washington, DC: IBM Center for the Business of Government; 2011:
83. Tang Z.How Are California Local Jurisdictions Incorporating a Strategic Environmental Assessment in Local Comprehensive Land Use Plans?”.Local Environment. 2009;14 (4): 313-28
84. Taylor M.Communities in the Lead: Power, Organisational Capacity and Social Capital.Urban Studies. 2000;37 (5–6): 1019-35
85. Thompson V. A.Bureaucracy and Innovation.Administrative Science Quarterly. 1965;10 (1): 1-20
86. Tiebout C. M.A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures.The Journal of Political Economy. 1956;64 (5): 416-24
87. U.S. Census Bureau. 2002. “Census of Local Governments.” Individual Unit File. https://www.census.gov/govs/local/historical_data_2002.html (accessed March 31, 2014). Compiled and analyzed by Amir Hefetz, University of Haifa in 2011.
88. U.S. Census Bureau. n.d.-a. “ 1999 and 2009 County Business Patterns.” Employment Data. http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/ (accessed March 21, 2014).
89. U.S. Census Bureau. n.d.-b. “2000 and 2010 Decennial Census.” Compiled by Social Explorer. www.socialexplorer.com (accessed March 21, 2014).
90. U.S. Census Bureau. n.d.-c. “Five-Year American Community Survey 2005 to 2009.” Compiled by Social Explorer. www.socialexplorer.com (accessed March 21, 2014).
91. Wallis J.,Dollery B.Social Capital and Local Government Capacity.Australian Journal of Public Administration. 2002;61 (3): 76-85
92. Warner M. E.Market-Based Governance and the Challenge for Rural Governments: U.S. Trends.Social Policy & Administration: An International Journal of Policy and Research. 2006;40 (6): 612-31
93. Warner M. E.Club Goods and Local Government: Questions for Planners.Journal of the American Planning Association. 2011;77 (2): 155-66
94. Warner M. E.,Hefetz A.Applying Market Solutions to Public Services: An Assessment of Efficiency, Equity and Voice.Urban Affairs Review. 2002;38 (1): 70-89
95. Warner M. E.,Hefetz A.Rural-Urban Differences in Privatization: Limits to the Competitive State.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2003;21 (5): 703-18
96. Warner M. E.,Pratt J. E.Spatial Diversity in Local Government Revenue Effort Under Decentralization: A Neural Network Approach.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2005;23 (5): 657-77
97. Warner M. E.,Zheng L.Business Incentive Adoption in the Recession.Economic Development Quarterly. 2013;27 (2): 90-101
98. Watson D. J.Innovative Governments: Creative Approaches to Local Problems. Watson D. J., ed. Westport: Praeger Press; 1997:1-8.
99. Wheeler S. M.State and Municipal Climate Change Plans: The First Generation.Journal of the American Planning Association. 2008;74 (4): 481-96
100. Wolensky R. P.,Groves D. L.Planning in the Smaller City: Major Problems and a Possible Solution.Socio-economic Planning Sciences. 1977;11 (1): 37-41
101. Zahran S.,Brody S. D.,Vedlitz A.,Grover H.,Miller C.Vulnerability and Capacity: Explaining Local Commitment to Climate-Change Policy.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2008;26 (3): 544-62
102. Zeemering E. S.What Does Sustainability Mean to City Officials?”.Urban Affairs Review. 2009;45 (2): 247-73
103. Zheng L.,Warner M. E.Business Incentive Use Among US Local Governments: A Story of Accountability and Policy Learning.Economic Development Quarterly. 2010;24 (4): 325-36