Incident pneumonia and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 191, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 141-148

  Festic, Emir ^a   Scanlon, Paul D ^b  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Corticosteroids; Mortality; Pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BECLOMETASONE; BUDESONIDE; BUDESONIDE PLUS FORMOTEROL; CORTICOSTEROID; FLUTICASONE; FLUTICASONE FUROATE; FLUTICASONE FUROATE PLUS VILANTEROL; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE PLUS SALMETEROL; FORMOTEROL; HYPERTENSIVE FACTOR; MOMETASONE FUROATE; PLACEBO; SALMETEROL; TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE; VILANTEROL;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MORTALITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PNEUMONIA; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK ASSESSMENT; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TREATMENT DURATION; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; COMPLICATION; DISEASE COURSE; DOSE RESPONSE; INCIDENCE; INHALATIONAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TRENDS;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; CAUSE OF DEATH; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY AS TOPIC; PNEUMONIA; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RISK;

EID: 84921395714     PISSN: 1073449X     EISSN: 15354970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201409-1654PP     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD [updated 2014 Jan; accessed 2014 Mar 17]. Available from: http://www. goldcopd.org/
2. Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, Ferguson GT, Jenkins C, Jones PW, Yates BS, Vestbo J, TORCH Investigators. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2007;356:775-89.
3. Ferguson GT, Anzueto A, Fei R, Emmett A, Knobil K, Kalberg C. Effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (250/50 mug) or salmeterol (50 mug) on COPD exacerbations. Respir Med 2008;102:1099-1108.
4. Anzueto A, Ferguson GT, Feldman G, Chinsky K, Seibert A, Emmett A, Knobil K, O'Dell D, Kalberg C, Crater G. Effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (250/50) on COPD exacerbations and impact on patient outcomes. COPD 2009;6:320-329.
5. Calverley PM, Stockley RA, Seemungal TA, Hagan G, Willits LR, Riley JH, Wedzicha JA; Investigating New Standards for Prophylaxis in Reduction of Exacerbations (INSPIRE) Investigators. Reported pneumonia in patients with COPD: findings from the INSPIRE study. Chest 2011;139:505-512.
6. Sharafkhaneh A, Southard JG, Goldman M, Uryniak T, Martin UJ. Effect of budesonide/formoterol pMDI on COPD exacerbations: a doubleblind, randomized study. Respir Med 2012;106:257-268.
7. Dransfield MT, Bourbeau J, Jones PW, Hanania NA, Mahler DA, Vestbo J, Wachtel A, Martinez FJ, Barnhart F, Sanford L, et al. Once-daily inhaled fluticasone furoate and vilanterol versus vilanterol only for prevention of exacerbations of COPD: two replicate double-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1:210-223.
8. Festic E, Bansal V, Gajic O, Lee AS; United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group: Lung Injury Prevention Study (USCIITG-LIPS) Investigators. Prehospital use of inhaled corticosteroids and point prevalence of pneumonia at the time of hospital admission: secondary analysis of a multicenter cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 2014;89: 154-162.
9. Ernst P, Gonzalez AV, Brassard P, Suissa S. Inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;176:162-166.
10. Liapikou A, Polverino E, Ewig S, Cillóniz C, Marcos MA, Mensa J, Bello S, Martin-Loeches I, Menéndez R, Torres A. Severity and outcomes of hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia in COPD patients. Eur Respir J 2012;39:855-861.
11. Chen D, Restrepo MI, Fine MJ, Pugh MJ, Anzueto A, Metersky ML, Nakashima B, Good C, Mortensen EM. Observational study of inhaled corticosteroids on outcomes for COPD patients with pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;184:312-316.
12. Malo de Molina R, Mortensen EM, Restrepo MI, Copeland LA, Pugh MJV, Anzueto A. Inhaled corticosteroid use is associated with lower mortality for subjects with COPD and hospitalised with pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2010;36:751-757.
13. Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Akram AR, Hill AT. Impact of inhaled corticosteroid use on outcome in COPD patients admitted with pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2011;38:36-41.
14. Sellares J, López-Giraldo A, Lucena C, Cilloniz C, Amaro R, Polverino E, Ferrer M, Menéndez R, Mensa J, Torres A. Influence of previous use of inhaled corticoids on the development of pleural effusion in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;187:1241-1248.
15. Singh S, Amin AV, Loke YK. Long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2009;169: 219-229.
16. Paggiaro PL, Dahle R, Bakran I, Frith L, Hollingworth K, Efthimiou J. Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International COPD Study Group. Lancet 1998;351:773-780.
17. Pauwels RA, Löfdahl CG, Laitinen LA, Schouten JP, Postma DS, Pride NB, Ohlsson SV; European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking. N Engl J Med 1999;340: 1948-1953.
18. Vestbo J, Sørensen T, Lange P, Brix A, Torre P, Viskum K. Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999;353:1819-1823.
19. Crim C, Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, Ferguson GT, Jenkins C, Jones PW, Willits LR, Yates JC, Vestbo J. Pneumonia risk in COPD patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination: TORCH study results. Eur Respir J 2009;34: 641-647.
20. Kardos P, Wencker M, Glaab T, Vogelmeier C. Impact of salmeterol/ fluticasone propionate versus salmeterol on exacerbations in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:144-149.
21. Wouters EF, Postma DS, Fokkens B, Hop WC, Prins J, Kuipers AF, Pasma HR, Hensing CA, Creutzberg EC; COPD and Seretide: a Multi-Center Intervention and Characterization (COSMIC) Study Group. Withdrawal of fluticasone propionate from combined salmeterol/fluticasone treatment in patients with COPD causes immediate and sustained disease deterioration: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2005;60:480-487.
22. Rennard SI, Tashkin DP, McElhattan J, Goldman M, Ramachandran S, Martin UJ, Silkoff PE. Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide/ formoterol in one hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered-dose inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from a 1-year randomized controlled clinical trial. Drugs 2009; 69:549-565.
23. Halpin DMG, Gray J, Edwards SJ, Morais J, Singh D. Budesonide/ formoterol vs. salmeterol/fl uticasone in COPD: a systematic review and adjusted indirect comparison of pneumonia in randomised controlled trials. Int J Clin Pract 2011;65:764-774.
24. Janson C, Larsson K, Lisspers KH, Ställberg B, Stratelis G, Goike H, Jörgensen L, Johansson G. Pneumonia and pneumonia related mortality in patients with COPD treated with fixed combinations of inhaled corticosteroid and long acting b2 agonist: observational matched cohort study (PATHOS). BMJ 2013;346:f3306.
25. Sin DD, Tashkin D, Zhang X, Radner F, Sjöbring U, Thorén A, Calverley PM, Rennard SI. Budesonide and the risk of pneumonia: a metaanalysis of individual patient data. Lancet 2009;374:712-719.
26. Boorsma M, Andersson N, Larsson P, Ullman A. Assessment of the relative systemic potency of inhaled fluticasone and budesonide. Eur Respir J 1996;9:1427-1432.
27. Thorsson L, Edsbäcker S, Källén A, Löfdahl CG. Pharmacokinetics and systemic activity of fluticasone via Diskus and pMDI, and of budesonide via Turbuhaler. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;52: 529-538.
28. Cheng SL, Wang HC, Cheng SJ, Yu CJ. Elevated placenta growth factor predicts pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under inhaled corticosteroids therapy. BMC Pulm Med 2011;11:46.
29. Joo MJ, Au DH, Fitzgibbon ML, Lee TA. Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of pneumonia in newly diagnosed COPD. Respir Med 2010;104: 246-252.
30. Ko FWS, Ip M, Chan PKS, Ng SS, Chau SS, Hui DSC. A one-year prospective study of infectious etiology in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of COPD and concomitant pneumonia. Respir Med 2008;102:1109-1116.
31. Gershon AS, Campitelli MA, Croxford R, Stanbrook MB, To T, Upshur R, Stephenson AL, Stukel TA. Combination long-acting b-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids compared with long-acting b-agonists alone in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA 2014;312:1114-1121.
32. Corren J, Korenblat PE, Miller CJ, O'Brien CD, Mezzanotte WS. Twelve-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of the efficacy and tolerability of budesonide and formoterol in one metered-dose inhaler compared with budesonide alone and formoterol alone in adolescents and adults with asthma. Clin Ther 2007;29:823-843.
33. Noonan M, Rosenwasser LJ, Martin P, O'Brien CD, O'Dowd L. Efficacy and safety of budesonide and formoterol in one pressurised metered-dose inhaler in adults and adolescents with moderate to severe asthma: a randomised clinical trial. Drugs 2006;66:2235-2254.
34. Sheffer AL, Silverman M, Woolcock AJ, Díaz PV, Lindberg B, Lindmark B. Long-term safety of once-daily budesonide in patients with earlyonset mild persistent asthma: results of the Inhaled Steroid Treatment as Regular Therapy in Early Asthma (START) study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005;94:48-54.
35. Sibila O, Anzueto A, Restrepo MI. The paradoxical effect on pneumonia of chronic inhaled corticosteroids. Clin Pulm Med 2013;20:6-10.
36. Esmailpour N, Högger P, Rabe KF, Heitmann U, Nakashima M, Rohdewald P. Distribution of inhaled fluticasone propionate between human lung tissue and serum in vivo. Eur Respir J 1997;10: 1496-1499.
37. Barnes PJ. Corticosteroid effects on cell signalling. Eur Respir J 2006; 27:413-426.
38. McGaughey DS, Nikcevich DA, Long GD, Vredenburgh JJ, Rizzieri D, Smith CA, Broadwater G, Loftis JS, McDonald C, Morris AK, et al. Inhaled steroids as prophylaxis for delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome in breast cancer patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2001;7:274-278.
39. Pieper M, Li G, Kashyap R, Thakur S, Ahmed A, Lee KM, Sharma P, Ivaskovic A, Cartin-Ceba R. Inhaled steroids - a protective factor for the development of acute lung injury in patients with pneumonia [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2009;37:A10.
40. Festic E, Ortiz-Diaz E, Lee A, Li G, Kor DJ, Adebola A, Akca O, Hoth J, Levitt JE, Carter R, et al.; United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group: Lung Injury Prevention Study (USCIITG-LIPS) Investigators. Prehospital use of inhaled steroids and incidence of acute lung injury among patients at risk. J Crit Care 2013;28: 985-991.
41. Aaron SD, Vandemheen KL, Fergusson D, Maltais F, Bourbeau J, Goldstein R, Balter M, O' Donnell D, McIvor A, Sharma S, et al.; Canadian Thoracic Society/Canadian Respiratory Clinical Research Consortium. Tiotropium in combination with placebo, salmeterol, or fluticasone-salmeterol for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007;146: 545-555.
42. Burge PS, Calverley PMA, Jones PW, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Maslen TK. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the ISOLDE trial. BMJ 2000;320: 1297-1303.
43. Calverley PM, Boonsawat W, Cseke Z, Zhong N, Peterson S, Olsson H. Maintenance therapy with budesonide and formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2003;22: 912-919.
44. Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, Jones P, Pride N, Gulsvik A, Anderson J, Maden C; TRial of Inhaled STeroids ANd long-acting beta2 agonists study group. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361: 449-456.
45. Calverley PMA, Kuna P, Monsó E, Costantini M, Petruzzelli S, Sergio F, Varoli G, Papi A, Brusasco V. Beclomethasone/formoterol in the management of COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Respir Med 2010;104:1858-1868.
46. Doherty DE, Tashkin DP, Kerwin E, Knorr BA, Shekar T, Banerjee S, Staudinger H. Effects of mometasone furoate/formoterol fumarate fixed-dose combination formulation on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): results from a 52-week Phase III trial in subjects with moderate-to-very severe COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2012;7:57-71.
47. Kerwin EM, Scott-Wilson C, Sanford L, Rennard S, Agusti A, Barnes N, Crim C. A randomised trial of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (50/25 mg; 100/25 μg) on lung function in COPD. Respir Med 2013;107: 560-569.
48. Mahler DA, Wire P, Horstman D, Chang CN, Yates J, Fischer T, Shah T. Effectiveness of fl uticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:1084-1091.
49. Martinez FJ, Boscia J, Feldman G, Scott-Wilson C, Kilbride S, Fabbri L, Crim C, Calverley PM. Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (100/25; 200/25 m g) improves lung function in COPD: a randomised trial. Respir Med 2013;107:550-559.
50. Szafranski W, Cukier A, Ramirez A, Menga G, Sansores R, Nahabedian S, Peterson S, Olsson H. Efficacy and safety of budesonide/ formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2003;21:74-81.
51. Tashkin DP, Rennard SI, Martin P, Ramachandran S, Martin UJ, Silkoff PE, Goldman M. Efficacy and safety of budesonide and formoterol in one pressurized metered-dose inhaler in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a 6-month randomized clinical trial. Drugs 2008;68:1975-2000.
52. Tashkin DP, Doherty DE, Kerwin E, Matiz-Bueno CE, Knorr B, Shekar T, Gates D, Staudinger H. Efficacy and safety characteristics of mometasone furoate/formoterol fumarate fixed-dose combination in subjects with moderate to very severe COPD: findings from pooled analysis of two randomized, 52-week placebo-controlled trials. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2012;7:73-86.
53. van der Valk P, Monninkhof E, van der Palen J, Zielhuis G, van Herwaarden C. Effect of discontinuation of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the COPE study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166: 1358-1363.
54. Vestbo J, Sørensen T, Lange P, Brix A, Torre P, Viskum K. Longterm effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999;353:1819-1823.
55. Vogelmeier CF, Bateman ED, Pallante J, Alagappan VKT, D'Andrea P, Chen H, Banerji D. Efficacy and safety of once-daily QVA149 compared with twice-daily salmeterol-fluticasone in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ILLUMINATE): a randomised, double-blind, parallel group study. Lancet Respir Med 2013;1:51-60.
56. Welte T, Miravitlles M, Hernandez P, Eriksson G, Peterson S, Polanowski T, Kessler R. Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide/ formoterol added to tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180:741-750.
57. Joo MJ, Au DH, Fitzgibbon ML, Lee TA. Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of pneumonia in newly diagnosed COPD. Respir Med 2010;104: 246-252.
58. Festic E, Bansal V, Gajic O, Lee AS; United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group: Lung Injury Prevention Study Investigators (USCIITG-LIPS). Prehospital use of inhaled corticosteroids and point prevalence of pneumonia at the time of hospital admission: secondary analysis of a multicenter cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 2014;89:154-162.