ZebRA: An overview of retinoic acid signaling during zebrafish development

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms

Volumn 1849, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 73-83

  Samarut, Eric ^a   Fraher, Daniel ^b   Laudet, Vincent ^a   Gibert, Yann ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE LYON   (France)

^b School of Medicine   (Australia)

Author keywords

Embryogenesis; Organogenesis; RAR; Retinoic acid; Zebrafish

Indexed keywords

CELL NUCLEUS RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME P450 26A1; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR; RETINOL;

ADIPOCYTE; BRAIN; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MIGRATION; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITION; DEGRADATION; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; FOREBRAIN; GENE EXPRESSION; HEART DEVELOPMENT; HEMATOPOIESIS; LIPID METABOLISM; NEURAL CREST; NONHUMAN; OSSIFICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOOTH DEVELOPMENT; ZEBRA FISH; ANIMAL; ANIMAL EMBRYO; DRUG EFFECTS; EMBRYOLOGY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; MORPHOGENESIS; ORGANOGENESIS; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALIA; AVES; DANIO RERIO; EQUUS SUBG. HIPPOTIGRIS; MAMMALIA; VERTEBRATA;

ANIMALS; BODY PATTERNING; EMBRYO, NONMAMMALIAN; EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; ORGANOGENESIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRETINOIN; ZEBRAFISH;

EID: 84921023411     PISSN: 18749399     EISSN: 18764320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.030     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. West K.P., Mehra S. Vitamin A intake and status in populations facing economic stress. J. Nutr. 2010, 140:201S-207S.
2. Petkovich M., Brand N.J., Krust A., Chambon P. A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. Nature 1987, 330:444-450.
3. Giguere V., Ong E.S., Segui P., Evans R.M. Identification of a receptor for the morphogen retinoic acid. Nature 1987, 330:624-629.
4. Pittlik S., Domingues S., Meyer A., Begemann G. Expression of zebrafish aldh1a3 (raldh3) and absence of aldh1a1 in teleosts. Gene Expr. Patterns 2008, 8:141-147.
5. Koide T., Downes M., Chandraratna R.A., Blumberg B., Umesono K. Active repression of RAR signaling is required for head formation. Genes Dev. 2001, 15:2111-2121.
6. Weston A.D., Blumberg B., Underhill T.M. Active repression by unliganded retinoid receptors in development: less is sometimes more. J. Cell Biol. 2003, 161:223-228.
7. Bertrand S., Thisse B., Tavares R., Sachs L., Chaumot A., Bardet P.L., Escriva H., Duffraisse M., Marchand O., Safi R., Thisse C., Laudet V. Unexpected novel relational links uncovered by extensive developmental profiling of nuclear receptor expression. PLoS Genet. 2007, 3:e188.
8. Dobbs-McAuliffe B., Zhao Q., Linney E. Feedback mechanisms regulate retinoic acid production and degradation in the zebrafish embryo. Mech. Dev. 2004, 121:339-350.
9. Liang D., Zhang M., Bao J., Zhang L., Xu X., Gao X., Zhao Q. Expressions of Raldh3 and Raldh4 during zebrafish early development. Gene Expr. Patterns 2008, 8:248-253.
10. Reijntjes S., Blentic A., Gale E., Maden M. The control of morphogen signalling: regulation of the synthesis and catabolism of retinoic acid in the developing embryo. Dev. Biol. 2005, 285:224-237.
11. Lampert J.M., Holzschuh J., Hessel S., Driever W., Vogt K., von Lintig J. Provitamin A conversion to retinal via the beta, beta-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase (bcox) is essential for pattern formation and differentiation during zebrafish embryogenesis. Development (Cambridge, England) 2003, 130:2173-2186.
12. Escriva H., Bertrand S., Germain P., Robinson-Rechavi M., Umbhauer M., Cartry J., Duffraisse M., Holland L., Gronemeyer H., Laudet V. Neofunctionalization in vertebrates: the example of retinoic acid receptors. PLoS Genet. 2006, 2:e102.
13. Begemann G., Schilling T.F., Rauch G.J., Geisler R., Ingham P.W. The zebrafish neckless mutation reveals a requirement for raldh2 in mesodermal signals that pattern the hindbrain. Development 2001, 128:3081-3094.
14. Grandel H., Lun K., Rauch G.J., Rhinn M., Piotrowski T., Houart C., Sordino P., Kuchler A.M., Schulte-Merker S., Geisler R., Holder N., Wilson S.W., Brand M. Retinoic acid signalling in the zebrafish embryo is necessary during pre-segmentation stages to pattern the anterior-posterior axis of the CNS and to induce a pectoral fin bud. Development 2002, 129:2851-2865.
15. Spoorendonk K.M., Peterson-Maduro J., Renn J., Trowe T., Kranenbarg S., Winkler C., Schulte-Merker S. Retinoic acid and Cyp26b1 are critical regulators of osteogenesis in the axial skeleton. Development 2008, 135:3765-3774.
16. Emoto Y., Wada H., Okamoto H., Kudo A., Imai Y. Retinoic acid-metabolizing enzyme Cyp26a1 is essential for determining territories of hindbrain and spinal cord in zebrafish. Dev. Biol. 2005, 278:415-427.
17. Laue K., Jänicke M., Plaster N., Sonntag C., Hammerschmidt M. Restriction of retinoic acid activity by Cyp26b1 is required for proper timing and patterning of osteogenesis during zebrafish development. Development 2008, 135:3775-3787.
18. Linville A., Radtke K., Waxman J.S., Yelon D., Schilling T.F. Combinatorial roles for zebrafish retinoic acid receptors in the hindbrain, limbs and pharyngeal arches. Dev. Biol. 2009, 325:60-70.
19. Yahyavi M., Abouzeid H., Gawdat G., de Preux A.S., Xiao T., Bardakjian T., Schneider A., Choi A., Jorgenson E., Baier H., El Sada M., Schorderet D.F., Slavotinek A.M. ALDH1A3 loss of function causes bilateral anophthalmia/microphthalmia and hypoplasia of the optic nerve and optic chiasm. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2013, 22:3250-3258.
20. Gibert Y., Trengove M.C., Ward A.C. Zebrafish as a genetic model in pre-clinical drug testing and screening. Curr. Med. Chem. 2013, 20:2458-2466.
21. Gale E., Zile M., Maden M. Hindbrain respecification in the retinoid-deficient quail. Mech. Dev. 1999, 89:43-54.
22. Alexa K., Choe S.K., Hirsch N., Etheridge L., Laver E., Sagerstrom C.G. Maternal and zygotic aldh1a2 activity is required for pancreas development in zebrafish. PLoS One 2009, 4:e8261.
23. Begemann G., Marx M., Mebus K., Meyer A., Bastmeyer M. Beyond the neckless phenotype: influence of reduced retinoic acid signaling on motor neuron development in the zebrafish hindbrain. Dev. Biol. 2004, 271:119-129.
24. Ribes V., Wang Z., Dolle P., Niederreither K. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2)-mediated retinoic acid synthesis regulates early mouse embryonic forebrain development by controlling FGF and sonic hedgehog signaling. Development 2006, 133:351-361.
25. Mic F.A., Molotkov A., Molotkova N., Duester G. Raldh2 expression in optic vesicle generates a retinoic acid signal needed for invagination of retina during optic cup formation. Dev. Dyn. 2004, 231:270-277.
26. Molotkova N., Molotkov A., Duester G. Role of retinoic acid during forebrain development begins late when Raldh3 generates retinoic acid in the ventral subventricular zone. Dev. Biol. 2007, 303:601-610.
27. Halilagic A., Ribes V., Ghyselinck N.B., Zile M.H., Dolle P., Studer M. Retinoids control anterior and dorsal properties in the developing forebrain. Dev. Biol. 2007, 303:362-375.
28. Halilagic A., Zile M.H., Studer M. A novel role for retinoids in patterning the avian forebrain during presomite stages. Development (Cambridge, England) 2003, 130:2039-2050.
29. Gongal P.A., March L.D., Holly V.L., Pillay L.M., Berry-Wynne K.M., Kagechika H., Waskiewicz A.J. Hmx4 regulates Sonic hedgehog signaling through control of retinoic acid synthesis during forebrain patterning. Dev. Biol. 2011, 355:55-64.
30. Maves L., Kimmel C.B. Dynamic and sequential patterning of the zebrafish posterior hindbrain by retinoic acid. Dev. Biol. 2005, 285:593-605.
31. Aulehla A., Pourquie O. Signaling gradients during paraxial mesoderm development. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 2010, 2:a000869.
32. White R.J., Nie Q., Lander A.D., Schilling T.F. Complex regulation of cyp26a1 creates a robust retinoic acid gradient in the zebrafish embryo. PLoS Biol. 2007, 5:e304.
33. Papalopulu N., Kintner C. A posteriorising factor, retinoic acid, reveals that anteroposterior patterning controls the timing of neuronal differentiation in Xenopus neuroectoderm. Development 1996, 122:3409-3418.
34. Hernandez R.E., Putzke A.P., Myers J.P., Margaretha L., Moens C.B. Cyp26 enzymes generate the retinoic acid response pattern necessary for hindbrain development. Development 2007, 134:177-187.
35. White R.J., Schilling T.F. How degrading: Cyp26s in hindbrain development. Dev. Dyn. 2008, 237:2775-2790.
36. Shimozono S., Iimura T., Kitaguchi T., Higashijima S., Miyawaki A. Visualization of an endogenous retinoic acid gradient across embryonic development. Nature 2013, 496:363-366.
37. Vermot J., Gallego Llamas J., Fraulob V., Niederreither K., Chambon P., Dolle P. Retinoic acid controls the bilateral symmetry of somite formation in the mouse embryo. Science 2005, 308:563-566.
38. Vermot J., Pourquie O. Retinoic acid coordinates somitogenesis and left-right patterning in vertebrate embryos. Nature 2005, 435:215-220.
39. Kawakami Y., Raya A., Raya R.M., Rodriguez-Esteban C., Izpisua Belmonte J.C. Retinoic acid signalling links left-right asymmetric patterning and bilaterally symmetric somitogenesis in the zebrafish embryo. Nature 2005, 435:165-171.
40. Huang S., Ma J., Liu X., Zhang Y., Luo L. Retinoic acid signaling sequentially controls visceral and heart laterality in zebrafish. J. Biol. Chem. 2011, 286:28533-28543.
41. Garnaas M.K., Cutting C.C., Meyers A., Kelsey P.B., Harris J.M., North T.E., Goessling W. Rargb regulates organ laterality in a zebrafish model of right atrial isomerism. Dev. Biol. 2012, 372:178-189.
42. Qian M., Yao S., Jing L., He J., Xiao C., Zhang T., Meng W., Zhu H., Xu H., Mo X. ENC1-like integrates the retinoic acid/FGF signaling pathways to modulate ciliogenesis of Kupffer's vesicle during zebrafish embryonic development. Dev. Biol. 2013, 374:85-95.
43. Hirokawa N., Tanaka Y., Okada Y. Left-right determination: involvement of molecular motor KIF3, cilia, and nodal flow. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 2009, 1:a000802.
44. Essner J.J., Vogan K.J., Wagner M.K., Tabin C.J., Yost H.J., Brueckner M. Conserved function for embryonic nodal cilia. Nature 2002, 418:37-38.
45. Matsui T., Bessho Y. Left-right asymmetry in zebrafish. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2012, 69:3069-3077.
46. Stainier D.Y. Zebrafish genetics and vertebrate heart formation. Nat. Rev. Genetics 2001, 2:39-48.
47. Bakkers J., Verhoeven M.C., Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Shaping the zebrafish heart: from left-right axis specification to epithelial tissue morphogenesis. Dev. Biol. 2009, 330:213-220.
48. Yutzey K.E., Bader D. Diversification of cardiomyogenic cell lineages during early heart development. Circ. Res. 1995, 77:216-219.
49. Stainier D.Y., Fishman M.C. Patterning the zebrafish heart tube: acquisition of anteroposterior polarity. Dev. Biol. 1992, 153:91-101.
50. Yelon D., Stainier D.Y. Patterning during organogenesis: genetic analysis of cardiac chamber formation. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 1999, 10:93-98.
51. Moss J.B., Xavier-Neto J., Shapiro M.D., Nayeem S.M., McCaffery P., Drager U.C., Rosenthal N. Dynamic patterns of retinoic acid synthesis and response in the developing mammalian heart. Dev. Biol. 1998, 199:55-71.
52. Keegan B.R., Feldman J.L., Begemann G., Ingham P.W., Yelon D. Retinoic acid signaling restricts the cardiac progenitor pool. Science 2005, 307:247-249.
53. Waxman J.S., Keegan B.R., Roberts R.W., Poss K.D., Yelon D. Hoxb5b acts downstream of retinoic acid signaling in the forelimb field to restrict heart field potential in zebrafish. Dev. Cell 2008, 15:923-934.
54. Sorrell M.R.J., Waxman J.S. Restraint of Fgf8 signaling by retinoic acid signaling is required for proper heart and forelimb formation. Dev. Biol. 2011, 358:44-55.
55. Reifers F., Walsh E.C., Leger S., Stainier D.Y., Brand M. Induction and differentiation of the zebrafish heart requires fibroblast growth factor 8 (fgf8/acerebellar). Development 2000, 127:225-235.
56. Chen N., Napoli J.L. All-trans-retinoic acid stimulates translation and induces spine formation in hippocampal neurons through a membrane-associated RARalpha. FASEB J. 2008, 22:236-245.
57. Chanda B., Ditadi A., Iscove N.N., Keller G. Retinoic acid signaling is essential for embryonic hematopoietic stem cell development. Cell 2013, 155:215-227.
58. Yu C., Liu Y., Miao Z., Yin M., Lu W., Lv Y., Ding M., Deng H. Retinoic acid enhances the generation of hematopoietic progenitors from human embryonic stem cell-derived hemato-vascular precursors. Blood 2010, 116:4786-4794.
59. de Jong J.L., Davidson A.J., Wang Y., Palis J., Opara P., Pugach E., Daley G.Q., Zon L.I. Interaction of retinoic acid and scl controls primitive blood development. Blood 2010, 116:201-209.
60. Davidson A.J., Zon L.I. The 'definitive' (and 'primitive') guide to zebrafish hematopoiesis. Oncogene 2004, 23:7233-7246.
61. Hsia N., Zon L.I. Transcriptional regulation of hematopoietic stem cell development in zebrafish. Exp. Hematol. 2005, 33:1007-1014.
62. Liang D., Jia W., Li J., Li K., Zhao Q. Retinoic acid signaling plays a restrictive role in zebrafish primitive myelopoiesis. PLoS One 2012, 7:e30865.
63. Papan C., Campos-Ortega J.A. On the formation of the neural keel and neural tube in the zebrafish Danio (Brachydanio) rerio. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 1993, 203:178-186.
64. Knecht A.K., Bronner-Fraser M. Induction of the neural crest: a multigene process. Nat. Rev. Genetics 2002, 3:453-461.
65. Nguyen V.H., Schmid B., Trout J., Connors S.A., Ekker M., Mullins M.C. Ventral and lateral regions of the zebrafish gastrula, including the neural crest progenitors, are established by a bmp2/swirl pathway of genes. Dev. Biol. 1998, 103-110.
66. Klymkowsky M.W., Rossi C.C., Artinger K.B. Mechanisms driving neural crest induction and migration in the zebrafish and Xenopus laevis. Cell Adhes. Migr. 2010, 4:595-608.
67. Aybar M.J., Mayor R. Early induction of neural crest cells: lessons learned from frog, fish and chick. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2002, 12:452-458.
68. Villanueva S., Glavic A., Ruiz P., Mayor R. Posteriorization by FGF, Wnt, and retinoic acid is required for neural crest induction. Dev. Biol. 2002, 241:289-301.
69. Bonstein L., Elias S., Frank D. Paraxial-fated mesoderm is required for neural crest induction in Xenopus embryos. Dev. Biol. 1998, 193:156-168.
70. Ragland J.W., Raible D.W. Signals derived from the underlying mesoderm are dispensable for zebrafish neural crest induction. Dev. Biol. 2004, 276:16-30.
71. Minoux M., Rijli F.M. Molecular mechanisms of cranial neural crest cell migration and patterning in craniofacial development. Development 2010, 137:2605-2621.
72. Santagati F., Rijli F.M. Cranial neural crest and the building of the vertebrate head. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003, 4:806-818.
73. Kopinke D., Sasine J., Swift J., Stephens W.Z., Piotrowski T. Retinoic acid is required for endodermal pouch morphogenesis and not for pharyngeal endoderm specification. Dev. Dyn. 2006, 235:2695-2709.
74. Seritrakul P., Samarut E., Lama T.T., Gibert Y., Laudet V., Jackman W.R. Retinoic acid expands the evolutionarily reduced dentition of zebrafish. FASEB J. 2012, 26:5014-5024.
75. Ellies D.L., Langille R.M., Martin C.C., Akimenko M.A., Ekker M. Specific craniofacial cartilage dysmorphogenesis coincides with a loss of dlx gene expression in retinoic acid-treated zebrafish embryos. Mech. Dev. 1997, 61:23-36.
76. Graham A., Smith A. Patterning the pharyngeal arches. BioEssays 2001, 23:54-61.
77. Miletich I., Sharpe P.T. Neural crest contribution to mammalian tooth formation. Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today Rev 2004, 72:200-212.
78. Gibert Y., Bernard L., Debiais-Thibaud M., Bourrat F., Joly J.S., Pottin K., Meyer A., Retaux S., Stock D.W., Jackman W.R., Seritrakul P., Begemann G., Laudet V. Formation of oral and pharyngeal dentition in teleosts depends on differential recruitment of retinoic acid signaling. FASEB J. 2010, 24:3298-3309.
79. Cubbage C.C., Mabee P.M. Development of the cranium and paired fins in the zebrafish Danio rerio (Ostariophysi, Cyprinidae). J. Morphol. 1996, 229:121-160.
80. Kronenberg H.M. Developmental regulation of the growth plate. Nature 2003, 423:332-336.
81. Bird N.C., Mabee P.M. Developmental morphology of the axial skeleton of the zebrafish, Danio rerio (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae). Dev. Dyn. 2003, 228:337-357.
82. Hammond C.L., Schulte-Merker S. Two populations of endochondral osteoblasts with differential sensitivity to Hedgehog signalling. Development 2009, 136:3991-4000.
83. Witten P.E., Hansen A., Hall B.K. Features of mono-and multinucleated bone resorbing cells of the zebrafish Danio rerio and their contribution to skeletal development, remodeling, and growth. J. Morphol. 2001, 250:197-207.
84. Li N., Felber K., Elks P., Croucher P., Roehl H.H. Tracking gene expression during zebrafish osteoblast differentiation. Dev. Dyn. 2009, 238:459-466.
85. Kochhar D. Limb development in mouse embryos. I. Analysis of teratogenic effects of retinoic acid. Teratology 1973, 7:289-298.
86. Gazit D., Ebner R., Kahn A., Derynck R. Modulation of expression and cell surface binding of members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily during retinoic acid-induced osteoblastic differentiation of multipotential mesenchymal cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 1993, 7:189-198.
87. Skillington J., Choy L., Derynck R. Bone morphogenetic protein and retinoic acid signaling cooperate to induce osteoblast differentiation of preadipocytes. J. Cell Biol. 2002, 159:135-146.
88. Song H.J.M., Nacamuli R.P., Xia W., Bari A.S., Shi Y.Y., Fang T.D., Longaker M.T. High-dose retinoic acid modulates rat calvarial osteoblast biology. J. Cell. Physiol. 2005, 202:255-262.
89. Iba K., Chiba H., Yamashita T., Ishii S., Sawada N. Phase-independent inhibition by retinoic acid of mineralization correlated with loss of tetranectin expression in a human osteoblastic cell line. Cell Struct. Funct. 2001, 26:227-233.
90. Cohen-Tanugi A., Forest N. Retinoic acid suppresses the osteogenic differentiation capacity of murine osteoblast-like 3/A/1D-1M cell cultures. Differentiation 1998, 63:115-123.
91. Li N., Kelsh R.N., Croucher P., Roehl H.H. Regulation of neural crest cell fate by the retinoic acid and Pparg signalling pathways. Development 2010, 137:389-394.
92. Kuri-Harcuch W. Differentiation of 3 T3-F442A cells into adipocytes is inhibited by retinoic acid. Differentiation 1982, 23:164-169.
93. Murray T., Russell T.R. Inhibition of adipose conversion in 3 T3-L2 cells by retinoic acid. J. Supramol. Struct. 1980, 14:255-266.
94. Safonova I., Darimont C., Amri E.Z., Grimaldi P., Ailhaud G., Reichert U., Shroot B. Retinoids are positive effectors of adipose cell differentiation. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1994, 104:201-211.
95. Morikawa K., Hanada H., Hirota K., Nonaka M., Ikeda C. All-trans retinoic acid displays multiple effects on the growth, lipogenesis and adipokine gene expression of AML-I preadipocyte cell line. Cell Biol. Int. 2013, 37:36-46.
96. Phillips B.W., Vernochet C., Dani C. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells for pharmacological studies on adipose cells. Pharmacol. Res. 2003, 47:263-268.
97. Schwarz E.J., Reginato M.J., Shao D., Krakow S.L., Lazar M.A. Retinoic acid blocks adipogenesis by inhibiting C/EBPbeta-mediated transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1997, 17:1552-1561.
98. Xue J.C., Schwarz E.J., Chawla A., Lazar M.A. Distinct stages in adipogenesis revealed by retinoid inhibition of differentiation after induction of PPARgamma. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1996, 16:1567-1575.
99. Felipe F., Bonet M.L., Ribot J., Palou A. Modulation of resistin expression by retinoic acid and vitamin A status. Diabetes 2004, 53:882-889.
100. Berry D.C., DeSantis D., Soltanian H., Croniger C.M., Noy N. Retinoic acid upregulates preadipocyte genes to block adipogenesis and suppress diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 2012, 61:1112-1121.
101. Mercader J., Ribot J., Murano I., Felipe F., Cinti S., Bonet M.L., Palou A. Remodeling of white adipose tissue after retinoic acid administration in mice. Endocrinology 2006, 147:5325-5332.
102. ZULET M.Á., Puchau B., Hermsdorff H.H., Navarro C., Martinez J.A. Vitamin A intake is inversely related with adiposity in healthy young adults. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 2008, 54:347-352.
103. Patatanian E., Thompson D. Retinoic acid syndrome: a review. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 2008, 33:331-338.
104. Sedova L., Seda O., Krenova D., Kren V., Kazdova L. Isotretinoin and fenofibrate induce adiposity with distinct effect on metabolic profile in a rat model of the insulin resistance syndrome. Int. J. Obes. 2004, 28:719-725.
105. Redonnet A., Ferrand C., Bairras C., Higueret P., Noël-Suberville C., Cassand P., Atgié C. Synergic effect of vitamin A and high-fat diet in adipose tissue development and nuclear receptor expression in young rats. Br. J. Nutr. 2008, 100:722-730.
106. Flynn E.J., Trent C.M., Rawls J.F. Ontogeny and nutritional control of adipogenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J. Lipid Res. 2009, 50:1641-1652.
107. Carten J.D., Bradford M.K., Farber S.A. Visualizing digestive organ morphology and function using differential fatty acid metabolism in live zebrafish. Dev. Biol. 2011, 360:276-285.
108. Farber S.A., Pack M., Ho S.-Y., Johnson I.D., Wagner D.S., Dosch R., Mullins M.C., Hendrickson H.S., Hendrickson E.K., Halpern M.E. Genetic analysis of digestive physiology using fluorescent phospholipid reporters. Science 2001, 292:1385-1388.
109. Schlegel A., Stainier D.Y. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein is required for yolk lipid utilization and absorption of dietary lipids in zebrafish larvae. Biochemistry 2006, 45:15179-15187.
110. Samarut E., Gaudin C., Hughes S., Gillet B., de Bernard S., Jouve P.E., Buffat L., Allot A., Lecompte O., Berekelya L., Rochette-Egly C., Laudet V. Retinoic acid receptor subtype-specific transcriptotypes in the early zebrafish embryo. Mol. Endocrinol. 2014, 28:260-272.
111. Gibert Y., Gajewski A., Meyer A., Begemann G. Induction and prepatterning of the zebrafish pectoral fin bud requires axial retinoic acid signaling. Development 2006, 133:2649-2659.
112. Wingert R.A., Selleck R., Yu J., Song H.-D., Chen Z., Song A., Zhou Y., Thisse B., Thisse C., McMahon A.P. The cdx genes and retinoic acid control the positioning and segmentation of the zebrafish pronephros. PLoS Genet. 2007, 3:e189.
113. Stafford D., Prince V.E. Retinoic acid signaling is required for a critical early step in zebrafish pancreatic development. Curr. Biol. 2002, 12:1215-1220.
114. Nadauld L.D., Sandoval I.T., Chidester S., Yost H.J., Jones D.A. Adenomatous polyposis coli control of retinoic acid biosynthesis is critical for zebrafish intestinal development and differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:51581-51589.
115. Hyatt G., Schmitt E., Marsh-Armstrong N., McCaffery P., Drager U., Dowling J. Retinoic acid establishes ventral retinal characteristics. Development 1996, 122:195-204.