Epigenetic therapy of cancer with histone deacetylase inhibitors

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 469-478

  Lakshmaiah, K C ^a   Jacob, Linu A ^a   Aparna, S ^a   Lokanatha, D ^a   Saldanha, Smitha C ^a  

^a KIDWAI MEMORIAL INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Histone acetyl transferase; histone deacetylase; histone deacetylase inhibitors

Indexed keywords

BELINOSTAT; BENZAMIDE; BORTEZOMIB; BUTYRIC ACID; CYCLOPEPTIDE; CYTARABINE; DEPSIPEPTIDE; ENTINOSTAT; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 10; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 11; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 3; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 4; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 7; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 8; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; HYDROXAMIC ACID; IDARUBICIN; MOCETINOSTAT; PANABINOSTAT; PHENYLBUTYRATE; SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; VORINOSTAT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CHROMATIN; HISTONE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; NUCLEOSOME;

ACETYLATION; ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; AGGRESOME; ANTIANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ATAXIA; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER THERAPY; CELL CYCLE; CELL CYCLE ARREST; CHROMATIN; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFUSION; DISORIENTATION; DNA METHYLATION; DNA REPAIR; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG STRUCTURE; EPIGENETICS; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GRANULOCYTOPENIA; HISTONE MODIFICATION; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; LYMPHOMA; MONOTHERAPY; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; MYELOMA; REVIEW; SOMNOLENCE; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; VERTIGO; CLASSIFICATION; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DRUG EFFECTS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC EPIGENESIS; GENETICS; METABOLISM; NEOPLASMS; NUCLEOSOME;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; CHROMATIN; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DNA METHYLATION; EPIGENESIS, GENETIC; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; HISTONE DEACETYLASES; HISTONES; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; NUCLEOSOMES;

EID: 84920836032     PISSN: 09731482     EISSN: 19984138     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.137937     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Luger K, Mäder AW, Richmond RK, Sargent DF, Richmond TJ. Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution. Nature 1997;389:251-60.
2. Davey CA, Sargent DF, Luger K, Maeder AW, Richmond TJ. Solvent mediated interactions in the structure of the nucleosome core particle at 1.9 A resolution. J Mol Biol 2002;319:1097-113.
3. Jones PA, Liang G. Rethinking how DNA methylation patterns are maintained. Nat Rev Genet 2009;10:805-11.
4. Li B, Carey M, Workman JL. The role of chromatin during transcription. Cell 2007;128:707-19.
5. Wilson BG, Roberts CW. SWI/SNF nucleosome remodellers and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2011;11:481-92.
6. Bannister AJ, Kouzarides T. Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications. Cell Res 2011;21:381-95.
7. Lane AA, Chabner BA. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:5459-68.
8. Glozak MA, Seto E. Histone deacetylases and cancer. Oncogene 2007;26:5420-32.
9. Pandolfi PP. Histone deacetylases and transcriptional therapy with their inhibitors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2001;48:Suppl 1:S17-9.
10. Ida K, Kitabayashi I, Taki T, Taniwaki M, Noro K, Yamamoto M, et al. Adenoviral E1A-Associated protein p300 is involved in acute myeloid leukemia with t (11;22)(q23;q13). Blood 1997;90:4699-704.
11. Sobulo OM, Borrow J, Tomek R, Reshmi S, Harden A, Schlegelberger B, et al. MLL is fused to CBP, a histone acetyltransferase, in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with a t (11;16)(q23;p13.3). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997;94:8732-7.
12. Gayther SA, Batley SJ, Linger L, Bannister A, Thorpe K, Chin SF, et al. Mutations truncating the EP300 acetylase in human cancers. Nat Genet 2000;24:300-3.
13. Ward R, Johnson M, Shridhar V, van Deursen J, Couch FJ. CBP truncating mutations in ovarian cancer. J Med Genet 2005;42:514-8.
14. Dokmanovic M, Clarke C, Marks PA. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Overview and perspectives. Mol Cancer Res 2007;5:981-9.
15. Bolden JE, Peart MJ, Johnstone RW. Anticancer activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006;5:769-84.
16. Ocker M. Deacetylase inhibitors-focus on non-histone targets and effects. World J Biol Chem 2010;1:55-61.
17. Glozak MA, Sengupta N, Zhang X, Seto E. Acetylation and deacetylation of non-histone proteins. Gene 2005;363:15-23.
18. Spange S, Wagner T, Heinzel T, Krämer OH. Acetylation of non-histone proteins modulates cellular signalling at multiple levels. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009;41:185-98.
19. Sandor V, Senderowicz A, Mertins S, Sackett D, Sausville E, Blagosklonny MV, et al. P21-dependent g (1) arrest with downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of cyclin E by the histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228. Br J Cancer 2000;83:817-25.
20. Gui CY, Ngo L, Xu WS, Richon VM, Marks PA. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor activation of p21WAF1 involves changes in promoter-Associated proteins, including HDAC1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:1241-6.
21. Richon VM, Sandhoff TW, Rifkind RA, Marks PA. Histone deacetylase inhibitor selectively induces p21WAF1 expression and gene-Associated histone acetylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:10014-9.
22. Robbins AR, Jablonski SA, Yen TJ, Yoda K, Robey R, Bates SE, et al. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases alter kinetochore assembly by disrupting pericentromeric heterochromatin. Cell Cycle 2005;4:717-26.
23. Rosato RR, Maggio SC, Almenara JA, Payne SG, Atadja P, Spiegel S, et al. The histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 induces human leukemia cell death through a process involving XIAP down-regulation, oxidative injury, and the acid sphingomyelinase-dependent generation of ceramide. Mol Pharmacol 2006;69:216-25.
24. Rosato RR, Almenara JA, Grant S. The histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 promotes differentiation or apoptosis in human leukemia cells through a process regulated by generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of p21CIP1/WAF1 1. Cancer Res 2003;63:3637-45.
25. Zhao Y, Lu S, Wu L, Chai G, Wang H, Chen Y, et al. Acetylation of p53 at lysine 373/382 by the histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide induces expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1). Mol Cell Biol 2006;26:2782-90.
26. Fuino L, Bali P, Wittmann S, Donapaty S, Guo F, Yamaguchi H, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 down-regulates Her-2 and sensitizes human breast cancer cells to trastuzumab, taxotere, gemcitabine, and epothilone B. Mol Cancer Ther 2003;2:971-84.
27. Nimmanapalli R, Fuino L, Bali P, Gasparetto M, Glozak M, Tao J, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 both lowers expression and promotes proteasomal degradation of Bcr-Abl and induces apoptosis of imatinib mesylate-sensitive or-refractory chronic myelogenous leukemia-blast crisis cells. Cancer Res 2003;63:5126-35.
28. Edwards A, Li J, Atadja P, Bhalla K, Haura EB. Effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589 against epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent human lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6:2515-24.
29. Rosato RR, Almenara JA, Maggio SC, Coe S, Atadja P, Dent P, et al. Role of histone deacetylase inhibitor-induced reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in LAQ-824/fludarabine antileukemic interactions. Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7:3285-97.
30. Adimoolam S, Sirisawad M, Chen J, Thiemann P, Ford JM, Buggy JJ. HDAC inhibitor PCI-24781 decreases RAD51 expression and inhibits homologous recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104:19482-7.
31. Guo F, Sigua C, Tao J, Bali P, George P, Li Y, et al. Cotreatment with histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 enhances Apo-2L/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand-induced death inducing signaling complex activity and apoptosis of human acute leukemia cells. Cancer Res 2004;64:2580-9.
32. Kwon SH, Ahn SH, Kim YK, Bae GU, Yoon JW, Hong S, et al. Apicidin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induces apoptosis and Fas/Fas ligand expression in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 2002;277:2073-80.
33. Kim YH, Park JW, Lee JY, Kwon TK. Sodium butyrate sensitizes TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by induction of transcription from the DR5 gene promoter through Sp1 sites in colon cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2004;25:1813-20.
34. Zhang XD, Gillespie SK, Borrow JM, Hersey P. The histone deacetylase inhibitor suberic bishydroxamate regulates the expression of multiple apoptotic mediators and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of melanoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2004;3:425-35.
35. Fandy TE, Shankar S, Ross DD, Sausville E, Srivastava RK. Interactive effects of (HDAC) inhibitors and TRAIL on apoptosis are associated with changes in mitochondrial functions and expressions of cell cycle regulatory genes in multiple myeloma. Neoplasia 2005;7:646-57.
36. Chen S, Dai Y, Pei XY, Grant S. Bim upregulation by histone deacetylase inhibitors mediates interactions with the Bcl-2 antagonist ABT-737: Evidence for distinct roles for Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1. Mol Cell Biol 2009;29:6149-69.
37. Michaelis M, Michaelis UR, Fleming I, Suhan T, Cinatl J, Blaheta RA, et al. Valproic acid inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Pharmacol 2004;65:520-7.
38. Deroanne CF, Bonjean K, Servotte S, Devy L, Colige A, Clausse N, et al. Histone deacetylases inhibitors as anti-Angiogenic agents altering vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Oncogene 2002;21:427-36.
39. Qian DZ, Kato Y, Shabbeer S, Wei Y, Verheul HM, Salumbides B, et al. Targeting tumor angiogenesis with histone deacetylase inhibitors: The hydroxamic acid derivative LBH589. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:634-42.
40. Bots M, Johnstone RW. Rational combinations using (HDAC) inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:3970-7.
41. Drappatz J, Lee EQ, Hammond S, Grimm SA, Norden AD, Beroukhim R, et al. Phase I study of panobinostat in combination with bevacizumab for recurrent high-grade glioma. J Neurooncol 2012;107:133-8.
42. Kawaguchi Y, Kovacs JJ, McLaurin A, Vance JM, Ito A, Yao TP. The deacetylase (HDAC6) regulates aggresome formation and cell viability in response to misfolded protein stress. Cell 2003;115:727-38.
43. Nawrocki ST, Carew JS, Pino MS, Highshaw RA, Andtbacka RH, Dunner K Jr, et al. Aggresome disruption: A novel strategy to enhance bortezomib-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res 2006;66:3773-81.
44. Marks PA, Xu WS. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Potential in cancer therapy. J Cell Biochem 2009;107:600-8.
45. Blum W, Klisovic RB, Hackanson B, Liu Z, Liu S, Devine H, et al. Phase I study of decitabine alone or in combination with valproic acid in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3884-91.
46. Soriano AO, Yang H, Faderl S, Estrov Z, Giles F, Ravandi F, et al. Safety and clinical activity of the combination of 5-Azacytidine, valproic acid, and all-Trans retinoic acid in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 2007;110:2302-8.
47. Raffoux E, Cras A, Recher C, Boëlle PY, de Labarthe A, Turlure P, et al. Phase 2 clinical trial of 5-Azacitidine, valproic acid, and all-Trans retinoic acid in patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Oncotarget 2010;1:34-42.
48. Olsen EA, Kim YH, Kuzel TM, Pacheco TR, Foss FM, Parker S, et al. Phase IIb multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3109-15.
49. Duvic M, Talpur R, Ni X, Zhang C, Hazarika P, Kelly C, et al. Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma CTCL. Blood 2007;109:31-9.
50. Watanabe T, Kato H, Kobayashi Y, Yamasaki S, Morita-Hoshi Y, Yokoyama H, et al. Potential efficacy of the oral histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in a phase I trial in follicular and mantle cell lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2010;101:196-200.
51. Kirschbaum M, Frankel P, Popplewell L, Zain J, Delioukina M, Pullarkat V, et al. Phase II study of vorinostat for treatment of relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1198-203.
52. Kirschbaum MH, Goldman BH, Zain JM, Cook JR, Rimsza LM, Forman SJ, et al. A phase 2 study of vorinostat for treatment of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Southwest Oncology Group Study S0517. Leuk Lymphoma 2012;53:259-62.
53. Dimopoulos M, Siegel DS, Lonial S, Qi J, Hajek R, Facon T, et al. Vorinostat or placebo in combination with bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma (VANTAGE 088): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind study. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:1129-40.
54. Budde LE, Zhang MM, Shustov AR, Pagel JM, Gooley TA, Oliveira GR, et al. A phase I study of pulse high-dose vorinostat (V) plus rituximab (R), ifosphamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) in patients with relapsed lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2013;161:183-91.
55. Garcia-Manero G, Tambaro FP, Bekele NB, Yang H, Ravandi F, Jabbour E, et al. Phase II trial of vorinostat with idarubicin and cytarabine for patients with newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:2204-10.
56. Yee KW, Minden MD, Brandwein J, Schimmer A, Schuh A, Gupta V, et al.: A phase I trial of two sequence-specific schedules of decitabine and vorinostat in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [abstract]. Blood (ASH Annu Meet Abstr) 2007;110:908.
57. Walter RB, Medeiros BC, Powell BL, Schiffer CA, Appelbaum FR, Estey EH. Phase II trial of vorinostat and gemtuzumab ozogamicin as induction and post-remission therapy in older adults with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2012;97:739-42.
58. Choi SW, Braun T, Chang L, Ferrara JL, Pawarode A, Magenau JM, et al. Vorinostat plus tacrolimus and mycophenolate to prevent graft-versus-host disease after related-donor reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation: A phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:87-95.
59. Bradley D, Rathkopf D, Dunn R, Stadler WM, Liu G, Smith DC, et al. Vorinostat in advanced prostate cancer patients progressing on prior chemotherapy (National Cancer Institute Trial 6862): Trial results and interleukin-6 analysis: A study by the Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial Consortium and University of Chicago Phase 2 Consortium. Cancer 2009;115:5541-9.
60. Galanis E, Jaeckle KA, Maurer MJ, Reid JM, Ames MM, Hardwick JS, et al. Phase II trial of vorinostat in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: A north central cancer treatment group study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:2052-8.
61. Ramaswamy B, Fiskus W, Cohen B, Pellegrino C, Hershman DL, Chuang E, et al. Phase I-II study of vorinostat plus paclitaxel and bevacizumab in metastatic breast cancer: Evidence for vorinostat-induced tubulin acetylation and Hsp90 inhibition in vivo. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012;132:1063-72.
62. Munster PN, Thurn KT, Thomas S, Raha P, Lacevic M, Miller A, et al. A phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat combined with tamoxifen for the treatment of patients with hormone therapy-resistant breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2011;104:1828-35.
63. Fakih MG, Groman A, McMahon J, Wilding G, Muindi JR. A randomized phase II study of two doses of vorinostat in combination with 5-FU/ LV in patients with refractory colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012;69:743-51.
64. Ree AH, Dueland S, Folkvord S, Hole KH, Seierstad T, Johansen M, et al. Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, combined with pelvic palliative radiotherapy for gastrointestinal carcinoma: The Pelvic Radiation and Vorinostat (PRAVO) phase 1 study. Lancet Oncol 2010;11:459-64.
65. Traynor AM, Leverson GE, Elson DF, et al. Panobinostat, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, in advanced medullary and iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: A Wisconsin Oncology Network trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:e17025.
66. Richardson PG, Schlossman RL, Alsina M, Weber DM, Coutre SE, Gasparetto C, et al. PANORAMA 2: Panobinostat in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and bortezomib-refractory myeloma. Blood 2013;122:2331-7.
67. Mackay HJ, Hirte H, Colgan T, Covens A, MacAlpine K, Grenci P, et al. Phase II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat in women with platinum resistant epithelial ovarian cancer and micropapillary (LMP) ovarian tumours. Eur J Cancer 2010;46:1573-9.
68. Favorable results of belinostat in combination with doxorubicin in soft tissue sarcoma. Available from http://www.investor.topotarget. com, announcement no. 17-12/Copenhagen, October 3, 2012.
69. Kim Y, Whittaker S, Demierre MF, Rook AH, Lerner A, Duvic M. et al. Clinically significant responses achieved with romidepsin in treatment-refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Final results from a phase 2B, international, multicenter, registration study. Blood. 2008; 112: 263.
70. Piekarz RL, Frye R, Turner M, Wright JJ, Allen SL, Kirschbaum MH, et al. Phase II multi-institutional trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin as monotherapy for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:5410-7.
71. Piekarz R, Wright J, Frye R, Allen SL, Prince M, Smith S, et al. Final results of a phase 2 NCI multicenter study of romidepsin in patients with relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). ASH Annu Meet Abstr 2009;114:1657.
72. Harrison SJ, Quach H, Link E, Seymour JF, Ritchie DS, Ruell S, et al. A high rate of durable responses with romidepsin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood 2011;118:6274-83.
73. Molife LR, Attard G, Fong PC, Karavasilis V, Reid AH, Patterson S, et al. Phase II, two-stage, single-Arm trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) romidepsin in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Ann Oncol 2010;21:109-13.
74. Younes A, Oki Y, Bociek RG, Kuruvilla J, Fanale M, Neelapu S, et al. Mocetinostat for relapsed classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: An open-label, single-Arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2011;12:1222-8.
75. Luger SM, O'Connell CL, Klimek V, Cooper MA, Emmanuel C, et al. A phase II study of mocetinostat, an oral isotype-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in combination with 5-Azacitidine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Citation: J Clin Oncol 31,2013 (suppl; abstr 7116).
76. Fandy TE, Herman JG, Kerns P, Jiemjit A, Sugar EA, Choi SH, et al. Early epigenetic changes and DNA damage do not predict clinical response in an overlapping schedule of 5-Azacytidine and entinostat in patients with myeloid malignancies. Blood 2009;114:2764-73.
77. Yardley DA, Ismail-Khan RR, Melichar B, Lichinitser M, Munster PN, Klein PM, et al. Randomized phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of exemestane with or without entinostat in postmenopausal women with locally recurrent or metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer progressing on treatment with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:2128-35.
78. Rowinsky EK, de Bono J, Deangelo DJ, van Oosterom A, Morganroth J, Laird GH, et al. Cardiac monitoring in phase I trials of a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor LAQ824 in patients with advanced solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol (Meet Abstr) 2005;23:3131.
79. Beck J, Fischer T, George D, Huber C, Calvo E, Atadja P, et al. Phase I pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of ORAL LBH589B: A novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. J Clin Oncol (Meet Abstr) 2005;23:3148.
80. Fischer T, Patnaik A, Bhalla K, Beck J, Morganroth J, Laird GH, et al. Results of cardiac monitoring during phase I trials of a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor LBH589 in patients with advanced solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol (Meet Abstr) 2005;23:3106.
81. Zain JM, Foss F, Kelly WK, DeBono D, Petrylak A, Narwal E, et al. Final results of a phase I study of oral belinostat (PXD101) in patients with lymphoma. J Clin Oncol (Meet Abstr) 2009;27:8580.
82. Wise LD, Turner KJ, Kerr JS. Assessment of developmental toxicity of vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in Sprague-Dawley rats and Dutch Belted rabbits. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 2007;80:57-68.
83. Ritchie D, Piekarz RL, Blombery P, Karai LJ, Pittaluga S, Jaffe ES, et al. Reactivation of DNA viruses in association with histone deacetylase inhibitor therapy: A case series report. Haematologica 2009;94:1618-22.
84. Edelstein LC, Micheva-Viteva S, Phelan BD, Dougherty JP. Short communication: Activation of latent HIV type 1 gene expression by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an HDAC inhibitor approved for use to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2009;25:883-7.