Breast cancer statistics and markers

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 506-511

  Donepudi, Mallika Siva ^a   Kondapalli, Kasturi ^a   Amos, Seelam Jeevan ^a   Venkanteshan, Pavithra ^a  

^a ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; breast carcinogenesis; markers

Indexed keywords

BRCA1 PROTEIN; BRCA2 PROTEIN; CA 15-3 ANTIGEN; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; CATHEPSIN D; CYTOKERATIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; HORMONE RECEPTOR; NUCLEIC ACID; ONCOPROTEIN; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR; PROTEIN P53; TUMOR MARKER; UROKINASE;

ASIAN; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOGENESIS; CANCER GRADING; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER STAGING; CANCER STATISTICS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC MARKER; HUMAN; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; PLOIDY; REVIEW; ASIA; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CELL TRANSFORMATION; FEMALE; PROGNOSIS;

ASIA; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; NEOPLASM GRADING; NEOPLASM STAGING; PLOIDIES; PROGNOSIS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84920834959     PISSN: 09731482     EISSN: 19984138     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.137927     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2008 v2.0. Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide. Lyon, France: IARC Cancer Base No. 10; 2010.
2. Ali I, Wani WA, Saleem K. Cancer scenario in India with future perspectives. Cancer Ther 2011;8:56-70.
3. Peto R, Parish SE, Gray RG. Age-related factors in carcinogenesis. IARC Sci Publ 1986;58:43-53.
4. Boyle P. The globalisation of cancer. Lancet 2006;368:629-30.
5. WHO. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
6. Boyle P, Levin B, editors. World Cancer Report. 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2008.
7. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, et al. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11; 2012.
8. McPherson K, Steel CM, Dixon JM. ABC of breast diseases. Breast cancer-epidemiology, risk factors, and genetics. BMJ 2000;321:624-8.
9. Löbrich M, Jeggo PA. The impact of a negligent G2/M checkpoint on genomic instability and cancer induction. Nat Rev Cancer 2007;7:861-9.
10. Malumbres M, Barbacid M. To cycle or not to cycle: A critical decision in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2001;1:222-31.
11. Santamaria D, Ortega S. Cyclins and CDKS in development and cancer: Lessons from genetically modified mice. Front Biosci 2006;11:1164-88.
12. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: An overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005;365:1687-717.
13. Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: An overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Lancet 1998;351:1451-67.
14. Duffy MJ. Estrogen receptors: Role in breast cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2006;43:325-47.
15. Mirza AN, Mirza NQ, Vlastos G, Singletary SE. Prognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer: A review of studies with sample size more than 200 and follow-up more than 5 years. Ann Surg 2002;235:10-26.
16. Ravdin PM, Green S, Dorr TM, McGuire WL, Fabian C, Pugh RP, et al. Prognostic significance of progesterone receptor levels in estrogen receptor-positive patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with tamoxifen: Results of a prospective Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:1284-91.
17. Bardou VJ, Arpino G, Elledge RM, Osborne CK, Clark GM. Progesterone receptor status significantly improves outcome prediction over estrogen receptor status alone for adjuvant endocrine therapy in two large breast cancer databases. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1973-9.
18. Ross JS, Fletcher JA, Linette GP, Stec J, Clark E, Ayers M, et al. The Her-2/neu gene and protein in breast cancer 2003: Biomarker and target of therapy. Oncologist 2003;8:307-25.
19. Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, Fuchs H, Paton V, Bajamonde A, et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med 2001;344:783-92.
20. Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, Suman VJ, Geyer CE Jr, Davidson NE, et al. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1673-84.
21. Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Procter M, Leyland-Jones B, Goldhirsch A, Untch M, Smith I, et al. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1659-72.
22. Yamauchi H, Stearns V, Hayes DF. When is a tumor marker ready for prime time?. A case study of c-erbB-2 as a predictive factor in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2334-56.
23. Duffy MJ. Predictive markers in breast and other cancers: A review. Clin Chem 2005;51:494-503.
24. Gennari A, Sormani MP, Pronzato P, Puntoni M, Colozza M, Pfeffer U, et al. HER2 status and efficacy of adjuvant anthracyclines in early breast cancer: A pooled analysis of randomized trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:14-20.
25. Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, O'Malley FP, Andrulis IL, Tu D, Bramwell VH, et al. HER2 and responsiveness of breast cancer to adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2103-11.
26. Bartlett J, Mallon E, Cooke T. The clinical evaluation of HER-2 status: Which test to use?. J Pathol 2003;199:411-7.
27. Look MP, van Putten WL, Duffy MJ, Harbeck N, Christensen IJ, Thomssen C, et al. Pooled analysis of prognostic impact of urokinase-Type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor PAI-1 in 8377 breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:116-28.
28. Jänicke F, Prechtl A, Thomssen C, Harbeck N, Meisner C, Untch M, et al. Randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial in high-risk, lymph node-negative breast cancer patients identified by urokinase-Type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:913-20.
29. Duffy MJ. Urokinase plasminogen activator and its inhibitor, PAI-1, as prognostic markers in breast cancer: From pilot to level 1 evidence studies. Clin Chem 2002;48:1194-7.
30. Foekens JA, Look MP, Bolt-de Vries J, Meijer-van Gelder ME, van Putten WL, Klijn JG. Cathepsin-D in primary breast cancer: Prognostic evaluation involving 2810 patients. Br J Cancer 1999;79:300-7.
31. Ferrandina G, Scambia G, Bardelli F, Benedetti Panici P, Mancuso S, Messori A. Relationship between cathepsin-D content and disease-free survival in node-negative breast cancer patients: A meta-Analysis. Br J Cancer 1997;76:661-6.
32. Ravdin PM, Tandon AK, Allred DC, Clark GM, Fuqua SA, Hilsenbeck SH, et al. Cathepsin D by western blotting and immunohistochemistry: Failure to confirm correlations with prognosis in node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:467-74.
33. Beck T, Weller EE, Weikel W, Brumm C, Wilkens C, Knapstein PG. Usefulness of immunohistochemical staining for p53 in the prognosis of breast carcinomas: Correlations with established prognosis parameters and with the proliferation marker, MIB-1. Gynecol Oncol 1995;57:96-104.
34. Elledge RM, Allred DC. Prognostic and predictive value of p53 and p21 in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998;52:79-98.
35. Pharoah PD, Day NE, Caldas C. Somatic mutations in the p53 gene and prognosis in breast cancer: A meta-Analysis. Br J Cancer 1999;80:1968-73.
36. Soussi T, Béroud C. Assessing TP53 status in human tumours to evaluate clinical outcome. Nat Rev Cancer 2001;1:233-40.
37. Olopade OI, Grushko TA, Nanda R, Huo D. Advances in breast cancer: Pathways to personalized medicine. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:7988-99.
38. American Society of Clinical Oncology. American Society of Clinical Oncology policy statement update: Genetic testing for cancer susceptibility. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2397-406.
39. Sotiriou C, Piccart MJ. Taking gene-expression profiling to the clinic: When will molecular signatures become relevant to patient care?. Nat Rev Cancer 2007;7:545-53.
40. Paik S. Development and clinical utility of a 21-gene recurrence score prognostic assay in patients with early breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. Oncologist 2007;12:631-5.
41. Cufer T, Lamovec J, Bracko M, Lindtner J, Us-Krasovec M. Prognostic value of DNA ploidy in breast cancer stage I-II. Neoplasma 1997;44:127-32.
42. Tanner MM, Karhu RA, Nupponen NN, Borg A, Baldetorp B, Pejovic T, et al. Genetic aberrations in hypodiploid breast cancer: Frequent loss of chromosome 4 and amplification of cyclin D1 oncogene. Am J Pathol 1998;153:191-9.
43. Bieglmayer C, Szepesi T, Kopp B, Hoffmann G, Petrik W, Guettuoche K, et al. CA15.3, MCA, CAM26, CAM29 are members of a polymorphic family of mucin-like glycoproteins. Tumour Biol 1991;12:138-48.
44. Dnistrian AM, Schwartz MK, Greenberg EJ, Smith CA, Schwartz DC. Evaluation of CA M26, CA M29, CA 15-3 and CEA as circulating tumor markers in breast cancer patients. Tumour Biol 1991;12:82-90.
45. Price MR, Rye PD, Petrakou E, Murray A, Brady K, Imai S, et al. Summary report on the ISOBM TD-4 Workshop: Analysis of 56 monoclonal antibodies against the MUC1 mucin. San Diego, Calif., November 17-23, 1996. Tumour Biol 1998;19 Suppl 1:1-20.
46. Tong YK, Lo YM. Diagnostic developments involving cell-free (circulating) nucleic acids. Clin Chim Acta 2006;363:187-96.
47. Ryan BM, Lefort F, McManus R, Daly J, Keeling PW, Weir DG, et al. A prospective study of circulating mutant KRAS2 in the serum of patients with colorectal neoplasia: Strong prognostic indicator in postoperative follow up. Gut 2003;52:101-8.
48. Ovstebo R, Kierulf P, Haug KB. Circulating nucleic acids in blood as biomarkers. Nor Epidemiol 2006;16:41-9.
49. Elshimali YI, Khaddour H, Sarkissyan M, Wu Y, Vadgama JV. The clinical utilization of circulating cell free DNA (CCFDNA) in blood of cancer patients. Int J Mol Sci 2013;14:18925-58.
50. Benraad TJ, Geurts-Moespot J, Grondahl-Hansen J, Schmitt M, Heuvel JJ, de Witte JH, et al. Immunoassays (ELISA) of urokinase-Type plasminogen activator (uPA): Report of an EORTC/BIOMED-1 workshop. Eur J Cancer 1996;32A: 1371-81.
51. Sweep CG, Geurts-Moespot J, Grebenschikov N, de Witte JH, Heuvel JJ, Schmitt M, et al. External quality assessment of trans-European multicentre antigen determinations (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of urokinase-Type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its type 1 inhibitor (PAI-1) in human breast cancer tissue extracts. Br J Cancer 1998;78:1434-41.
52. Hayes DF, Trock B, Harris AL. Assessing the clinical impact of prognostic factors: When is 'statistically significant' clinically useful?. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998;52:305-19.
53. Hayes DF. Do we need prognostic factors in nodal-negative breast cancer?. Arbiter. Eur J Cancer 2000;36:302-6.
54. Kumar R, Kumar AN, Srivastava A. Breast cancer tumor markers. J Solid Tumors 2012;2:43-6.