Quantifying the Roman Economy: Integration, Growth, Decline?

Quantifying the Roman Economy: Methods and Problems

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Bowman, Alan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Commerce; Economic policy; Investment; Labour; Markets; Monetization; Quantification; Roman Empire; Technology; Trade

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920751303     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562596.003.0001     Document Type: Chapter

References (253)

1. ADAMS, J. N. (2003). Bilingualism and the Latin Language. Cambridge.
2. ALDRETE, G., and MATTINGLY, D. J. (1999). 'Feeding the city: The organization, operation, and scale of the supply system for Rome', in D. J. Mattingly and D. S. Potter (eds.), Life, Death and Entertainment in the Roman Empire. Ann Arbor, 171-204.
3. ALLEN, R. C., BENGTSSON, T., and DRIBE, M. (eds. 2005). Living Standards in the Past: New Perspectives on Well-being in Asia and Europe. Oxford.
4. ANDREAU, J. (1999). Banking and Business in the Roman World. Cambridge.
5. ANDREAU, J. (2005). 'Le système monétaire partiellement "fermé" de l'Égypte romaine', in T. F. Duyrat and O. Picard (eds.), L'Exception égyptienne (Études Alexandrines 10 IFAO). Cairo, 329-38.
6. AUBERT, J.-J. (1994). Business Managers in Ancient Rome: A Social and Economic Study of Institores, 200 B.C.-A.D. 250. Leiden.
7. BAGNALL, R. S. (1985). 'Agricultural productivity and taxation in later Roman Egypt', TAPA 115: 289-308.
8. BAGNALL, R. S. (1992). 'Landholding in late Roman Egypt: The distribution of wealth', JRS 82: 128-49.
9. BAGNALL, R. S. (1993). Egypt in Late Antiquity. Princeton.
10. BAGNALL, R. S. (2005). 'Evidence and models for the economy of Roman Egypt', in J. G. Manning and I. Morris (eds.), The Ancient Economy: Evidence and Models. Stanford, 187-204 (repr. in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt (A30), chapter III).
11. BAGNALL, R. S. and FRIER, B. W. (1994). The Demography of Roman Egypt. Cambridge.
12. BANAJI, J. (2002). Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity: Gold, Labour, and Aristocratic Dominance. Oxford.
13. BANG, P. F. (2002). 'Romans and Mughals: Integration in a tributary empire', in L. de Blois and J. Rich (eds.), The Transformation of Economic Life under the Roman Empire. Amsterdam, 1-27.
14. BANG, P. F. (2006). 'Imperial Bazaar: Towards a comparative understanding of markets in the Roman Empire', in P. F. Bang et al. (eds.), Ancient Economies, Modern Methodologies: Archaeology, Comparative History, Models and Institutions. Bari, 51-88.
15. BANG, P. F. and BAYLY, C. A. (eds. 2003). 'Tributary empires in history: Comparative perspectives from antiquity to the late medieval', Medieval History Journal 6.2 (special issue).
16. BANG, P. F. IKEGUCHI, M., and ZICHE, H. G. (eds. 2006). Ancient Economies, Modern Methodologies. Archaeology, Comparative History, Models and Institutions. Bari.
17. BARDILL, J. (2004). Brickstamps of Constantinople (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) 2 vols. Oxford.
18. BARRETT, J. C. (1997). 'Romanization: A critical comment', in D. J. Mattingly (ed.), Dialogues in Roman Imperialism: Power, Discourse and Discrepant Experience in the Roman Empire (JRA Suppl. 23). Portsmouth, RI, 51-64.
19. BEGLEY, V. (1993). 'New investigations at the port of Arikamedu', JRA 6: 93-108.
20. BELOCH, K. J. (1886). Die Bevölkerung der griechisch-römischen Welt. Leipzig.
21. BELTRÁN LLORIS, F. (2006). 'An irrigation decree from Roman Spain: The Lex Rivi Hiberiensis', JRS 96: 147-97.
22. BLÁZQUEZ MARTÍNEZ, J. M., and REMESAL RODRÍGUEZ, J. (eds. 1999). Estudios sobre el Monte Testaccio (Roma), 1. Barcelona.
23. BOATWRIGHT, M. T. (1987). Hadrian and the City of Rome. Princeton.
24. BOGAERT, R. (1994). Trapezitica Aegyptiaca, recueil de recherches sur la banque en Égypte gréco-romaine (Pap. Flor. XXV). Florence.
25. BOGAERT, R. (1995). 'Liste géographique des banques et des banquiers de l'Égypte romaine, 30a-284', ZPE 109: 133-73.
26. BOWMAN, A. K. (1985). 'Landholding in the Hermopolite Nome in the fourth century AD', JRS 75: 137-63.
27. BOWMAN, A. K. (1991). 'Literacy in the Roman Empire: Mass and mode', in J. Humphrey (ed.), Literacy in the Roman World (JRA Suppl. 3). Ann Arbor, 119-31.
28. BOWMAN, A. K. (2000). 'Urbanisation in Roman Egypt', in E. Fentress (ed.), Romanization and the City: Creation, Transformations and Failures (JRA Suppl. 38). Portsmouth, RI, 173-87.
29. BOWMAN, A. K. (2006). 'Outposts of empire: Vindolanda, Egypt and the empire of Rome', JRA 19: 75-93.
30. BOWMAN, A. K. (forthcoming). 'Trade and the flag', in D. Robinson and A. I. Wilson (eds.), The Trade and Topography of Egypt's North-West Delta (Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology). Oxford.
31. BOWMAN, A. K. and ROGAN, E. (eds. 1999). Agriculture in Egypt from Pharaonic to Modern Times. London.
32. BOWMAN, A. K. and THOMAS, J. D. (2003). The Vindolanda Writing Tablets: Tabulae Vindolandenses III. London.
33. BOWMAN, A. K. and WOOLF, G. D. (eds. 1994). Literacy and Power in the Ancient World. Cambridge.
34. BRUN, J.-P. (2006). 'L'Énergie hydraulique durant l'empire romain: quel impact sur l'économie agricole?', in E. Lo Cascio (ed.), Innovazione tecnica e progresso economico nel mondo romano (Pragmateiai). Bari, 101-30.
35. BRUN, J.-P. and BORRÉANI, M. (1998). 'Deux moulins hydrauliques du Haut Empire romain en Narbonnaise: Villae des Mesclans à La Crau et de Saint-Pierre/Les Laurons aux Arcs (Var)', Gallia 55: 279-326.
36. BRUNT, P. (1971). Italian Manpower, 225 B.C.-A.D. 14. Oxford.
37. BRUNT, P. (1987). Italian Manpower, 225 B.C.-A.D. 14, rev. edn. Oxford.
38. BURNETT, A. (2005). 'The imperial coinage of Egypt in the first century AD', in T. F. Duyrat and O. Picard (eds.), L'Exception égyptienne (Études Alexandrines 10 IFAO). Cairo, 261-77.
39. BURNETT, A. AMANDRY, M., and RIPOLLÈS, P. P. (eds. 1992). Roman Provincial Coinage, vol. I: From the Death of Caesar to the Death of Vitellius (44 BC-AD 69). London.
40. BUSHELL, W. D. (1938). Hobson's Conduit: The New River at Cambridge commonly called Hobson's River. Cambridge.
41. BUTCHER, K. (2004). Coinage in Roman Syria: Northern Syria, 64 BC-AD 253. London.
42. BUTCHER, K. and PONTING, M. J. (1995). 'Rome and the East. Production of Roman provincial silver coinage for Caesarea in Cappadocia under Vespasian, AD 69-79', OJA 14.1: 63-77.
43. BUTCHER, K. (1997). 'A study of the chemical composition of Roman silver coinage, A.D. 196-197', AJN 9: 17-36.
44. BUTCHER, K. and PONTING, M. J. (1998). 'Atomic absorption spectrometry and Roman silver coins', in W. A. Oddy and M. R. Cowell (eds.), Metallurgy in Numismatics 4. London, 308-34.
45. BUTCHER, K. (2005). 'The Roman denarius under the Julio-Claudian emperors: Mints, metallurgy and technology', OJA 24.2, May: 163-97.
46. CAMODECA, G. (1992-). Tabulae Pompeianae Sulpiciorum (TPSulp.). Edizione critica dell'archivio puteolano dei Sulpicii. Naples.
47. CARLSEN, J., ØRSTED, P., SKYDSGAARD, J. E. (eds. 1994). Land Use in the Roman Empire (ARID Suppl. 22). Rome.
48. CARRERAS MONFORT, C. (1995-6). 'A new perspective for the demographic study of Roman Spain', Revista de Historia da Arte e Arqueologia 2: 59-82.
49. CLARIDGE, A. (1988). 'Roman statuary and the supply of statuary marble', in J. C. Fant (ed.), Ancient Marble Quarrying and Trade (BAR International Series 453). Oxford, 139-52.
50. CLARYSSE, W. (1983). 'Literary papyri in documentary "archives" ', in E. Van't Dack, P. Van Dessel, and W. Van Gucht (eds.), Egypt and the Hellenistic World (Studia Hellenistica 27). Leuven, 43-61.
51. COPE, L. H., KING, C. E., NORTHOVER, J. P., and CLAY, T. (1997). Metal Analyses of Roman Coins Minted under the Empire (British Museum Occasional Paper 120). London.
52. CURTIS, R. I. (1984). 'A personalized floor mosaic from Pompeii', AJA 88.4: 557-66.
53. CURTIS, R. I. (1988-9). 'A. Umbricius Scaurus of Pompeii', in R. I. Curtis (ed.), Studia Pompeiana et Classica in Honor of W. F. Jashemski 1. New Rochelle, NY, 19-49.
54. D'ARMS, J. H. (1981). Commerce and Social Standing in Ancient Rome. Cambridge, Mass.
55. DAGUET-GAGEY, A. (1997). Les opera publica à Rome (180-305 ap. J.-C.). Construction et administration. Paris.
56. DAVIES, J. K. (2001). 'Hellenistic economies in the post-Finley era', in Z. H. Archibald et al. (eds.), Hellenistic Economies. London, 11-62.
57. DAVIES, O. (1935). Roman Mines in Europe. Oxford.
58. DAVOLI, P. (1998). L'archeologia urbana nel Fayyum di età ellenistica e romana. Naples.
59. DE BLOIS, L., and RICH, J. (eds. 2002). The Transformation of Economic Life under the Roman Empire. Amsterdam.
60. DOMERGUE, C. (1983). 'La mine antique d'Aljustrel (Portugal) et les tables de bronze de Vipasca', Conimbriga 22: 5-193.
61. DOMERGUE, C. and BORDES, J.-L. (2006). 'Quelques nouveautés techniques dans les mines et la métallurgie à l'époque romaine: leur efficacité et leurs effets sur la production', in E. Lo Cascio (ed.), Innovazione tecnica e progresso economico nel mondo romano (Pragmateiai). Bari, 197-223.
62. DREW-BEAR, M. (1979). Le Nome Hermopolite, toponymes et sites. Missoula.
63. DREXHAGE, H.-J. (1991). Preise, Mieten/Pachten, Kosten und Löhne im römischen Ägypten bis zum Regierungsantritt Diokletians. St Katherinen.
64. DREXHAGE, H.-J. KONEN, H., and RUFFING, K. (2002). Die Wirtschaft des römischen Reiches. Berlin.
65. DUNCAN-JONES, R. P. (1982). The Economy of the Roman Empire: Quantitative Studies, 2nd edn. Cambridge.
66. ERDKAMP, P. (2005). The Grain Market in the Roman Empire. Cambridge.
67. ÉTIENNE, R., and MAYET, F. (2002). Salaisons et sauces de poisson hispaniques (Trois clés de l'économie de l'Hispanie romaine 2). Paris.
68. ÉTIENNE, R. (2004). L'Huile hispanique (Trois clés de l'économie de l'Hispanie romaine 3) 2 vols. Paris.
69. FALIVENE, M. R. (1998). The Heracleopolite Nome, a Catalogue of the Toponyms. Atlanta.
70. FENTRESS, E. (1981). 'African building. Money, politics and crisis in Auzia', in A. C. King and M. Henig (eds.), The Roman West in the Third Century: Contributions from Archaeology and History (BAR International Series 109). Oxford, 199-210.
71. FENTRESS, E. and PERKINS, P. (1988). 'Counting African red slip ware', in A. Mastino (ed.), L'Africa romana. Atti del V Convegno di studio. Sassari, 205-14.
72. FINLEY, M. I. (1959). 'Technology in the ancient world', EHR 2nd ser. 12: 120-5.
73. FINLEY, M. I. (1965). 'Technical innovation and economic progress in the ancient world', EHR 2nd ser. 18: 29-45.
74. FINLEY, M. I. (1973). The Ancient Economy (Sather Classical Lectures 43). Berkeley.
75. FINLEY, M. I. (1985). The Ancient Economy, 2nd edn. Berkeley and Los Angeles.
76. FLOBERT, P. (1992). 'Les graffites de La Graufesenque: un témoinage sur le gallo-latin sous Néron', in M. Iliescu and W. Marxgut (eds.), Latin vulgaire-latin tardif III. Tübingen, 103-14.
77. FRANK, T. (1933-40). An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome, 5 vols. repr. 1975. Baltimore.
78. FREDERIKSEN, M. W. (1975). 'Theory, evidence and the ancient economy', JRS 65: 164-71.
79. FRIER, B. (2001). 'More is worse: Some observations on the population of the Roman Empire', in W. Scheidel (ed.), Debating Roman Demography. Leiden, 139-59.
80. GARA, A. (1976). Prosdiagraphomena e circolazione monetaria: Aspetti dell'organizzazione fiscale in rapporto alla politica monetaria dell'Egitto romano. Milan.
81. GARRARD, T. F. (1982). 'Myth and metrology: The early trans-Saharan gold trade', Journal of African History 23.4: 443-61.
82. GATIER, P.-L. (1994). 'Villages du Proche-Orient protobyzantin (4ème-7ème s.)', in G. D. R. King and A. Cameron (eds.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East II. Princeton, 17-48.
83. GREENE, K. (2000). 'Technological innovation and economic progress in the ancient world: M. I. Finley re-considered', EHR 53: 29-59.
84. Groupe de Recherches sur L'Afrique antique (1993). Les Flavii de Cillium: Étude architecturale, épigraphique, historique et littéraire du mausolée de Kasserine (CIL VIII, 211-216), (Collection de l'École française de Rome 169). Rome.
85. HABERMANN, W. (1998). 'Zur chronologischen Verteilung der papyrologischen Zeugnisse', ZPE 122: 144-60.
86. HARRIS, W. V. (1989). Ancient Literacy. Princeton.
87. HARRIS, W. V. (1993). 'Between archaic and modern: Some current problems in the history of the Roman economy', in W. V. Harris (ed.), The Inscribed Economy: Production and Distribution in the Roman Empire in the Light of instrumentum domesticum (JRA Suppl. 6). Ann Arbor, 11-29.
88. HARRIS, W. V. (2003). 'Roman governments and commerce, 300 BC-AD 300', in C. Zaccagnini (ed.), Mercanti e politica nel mondo antico. Rome, 275-305.
89. HARRIS, W. V. (2006). 'A revisionist view of Roman money', JRS 96: 1-24.
90. HIRT, A. M. (2004). 'Mines and Quarries in the Roman Empire: Organizational Aspects 27 BC-AD 235'. University of Oxford, D.Phil. thesis.
91. HITCHNER, R. B. (1988). 'The Kasserine archaeological survey, 1982-1986', Ant. Afr. 24: 7-41.
92. HITCHNER, R. B. (1990). 'The Kasserine archaeological survey-1987', Ant. Afr. 26: 231-59. With contributions by Simon Ellis, Alan Graham, David Mattingly, and Lucinda Neuru.
93. HITCHNER, R. B. (1993). 'Olive production and the Roman economy: The case for intensive growth in the Roman empire', in M.-C. Amouretti and J.-P. Brun (eds.), La production du vin et de l'huile en Méditerranée (Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, Suppl. 26). Athens, 499-508.
94. HITCHNER, R. B. (1995a). 'Historical text and archaeological context in Roman North Africa: The Albertini Tablets and the Kasserine Survey', in D. B. Small (ed.), Methods in the Mediterranean: Historical and Archaeological Views on Texts and Archaeology. Leiden, 124-42.
95. HITCHNER, R. B. (1995b). 'Irrigation, terraces, dams and aqueducts in the region of Cillium (mod. Kasserine): The role of water works in the development of a Roman-African town and its countryside', in P. Trousset (ed.), Productions et exportations africaines: Actualités archéologiques en Afrique du Nord antique et mediévale. VIe colloque international sur l'histoire et l'archéologie de l'Afrique du Nord (PAU, octobre 1993-118e congrès). Paris, 143-57.
96. HITCHNER, R. B. (2005). ' "The advantages of wealth and luxury": The case for economic growth in the Roman empire', in J. G. Manning and I. Morris (eds.), The Ancient Economy: Evidence and Models. Stanford, 207-22.
97. HOBSON, D. W. (1985). 'House and household in Roman Egypt', YClS 28: 211-29.
98. HONG, S., CANDELONE, J.-P. and BOUTRON, C. (1996). 'Changes in natural lead, copper, zinc and cadmium concentrations in central Greenland ice from 8250 to 149,100 years ago: their association with climatic changes and resultant variations of dominant source contributions', Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 143: 233-44.
99. HONG, S., PATTERSON, C. C., and BOUTRON, C. (1994). 'Greenland evidence of hemispheric pollution for lead two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations', Science 265: 1841-3.
100. HOPKINS, K. (1972). Review of Brunt (1971), JRS 62: 192-3.
101. HOPKINS, K. (1978). 'Economic growth and towns in classical antiquity', in P. Abrams and E. A. Wrigley (eds.), Towns in Societies: Essays in Economic History and Historical Sociology. Cambridge, 35-77.
102. HOPKINS, K. (1980). 'Taxes and trade in the Roman Empire (200 BC-AD 400)', JRS 70: 101-25.
103. HOPKINS, K. (1983). 'Models, ships and staples', in P. Garnsey and C. R. Whittaker (eds.), Trade and Famine in Classical Antiquity (PCPS Suppl. 8). Cambridge, 84-109.
104. HOPKINS, K. (1991). 'Conquest by book', in J. Humphrey (ed.), Literacy in the Roman World (JRA Suppl. 3). Ann Arbor, 133-58.
105. HOPKINS, K. (1995/6). 'Rome, taxes, rents and trade', Kodai 5/6: 41-75.
106. HOPKINS, K. (2002). 'Rome, taxes, rents and trade', in W. Scheidel and S. von Reden (eds.), The Ancient Economy. Edinburgh, 190-230.
107. HORDEN, P., and PURCELL, N. (2000). The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History. Oxford.
108. HORSTER, M. (2001). Bauinschriften römischer Kaiser: Untersuchungen zu Inschriftenpraxis und Bautätigkeit in Städten des westlichen Imperium Romanum in der Zeit des Prinzipäts. Stuttgart.
109. HOWGEGO, C. (1992). 'The supply and use of money in the Roman world 300 B.C. to A.D 300', JRS 82: 1-31.
110. HOPKINS, K. (1994). 'Coin circulation and the integration of the Roman economy', JRA 7: 5-21.
111. HUDSON, M. (2000). 'How interest rates were set, 2500 BC-1000 AD', Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 43: 132-61.
112. HUDSON, P. (2000). History by Numbers: An Introduction to Quantitative Approaches. London.
113. HUMPHREY, J. (ed. 1991). Literacy in the Roman World (JRA Suppl. 3). Ann Arbor.
114. JOHNSON, A. C., and WEST, L. C. (1949). Byzantine Egypt: Economic Studies. Princeton.
115. JONES, A. (2006). Dictionary of Globalization. Cambridge.
116. JONES, A. H. M. (1948). Ancient Economic History (Inaugural lecture). London.
117. JONES, A. H. M. (1964). The Later Roman Empire, 3 vols. Oxford.
118. JONES, A. H. M. (1974). The Roman Economy: Studies in Ancient Economic and Administrative History, ed. P. A. Brunt. Oxford.
119. JONGMAN, W. (2007). 'Gibbon was right: The decline and fall of the Roman economy', in O. Hekster, G. de Kleijn, and D. Slootjes (eds.), Crises and the Roman Empire. Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Nijmegen, June 20-24, 2006). Leiden, 183-99.
120. JOUFFROY, H. (1986). La construction publique en Italie et dans l'Afrique (Études et Travaux 2). Strasbourg.
121. KEHOE, D. P. (1984). 'Private and imperial management of Roman estates in North Africa', Law and History Review 2: 241-63.
122. KEHOE, D. P. (1988). The Economics of Agriculture on Imperial Estates in Roman North Africa (Hypomnemata 89). Göttingen.
123. KEHOE, D. P. (1992). Management and Investment on Estates in Roman Egypt during the Early Empire (Papyrologische Texte und Abhandlungen 40). Bonn.
124. KEHOE, D. P. (1993). 'Economic rationalism in Roman agriculture', JRA 6: 476-84.
125. KEHOE, D. P. (1997). Investment, Profit and Tenancy: The Jurists and the Roman Agrarian Economy. Ann Arbor.
126. KEHOE, D. P. (2003). 'Aristocratic dominance in the Late Roman agrarian economy and the question of economic growth', JRA 16: 711-21.
127. KENNEDY, D. L. (2006). 'Demography, the population of Syria and the census of Q. Aemilius Secundus', Levant 38: 109-24.
128. KESSLER D., and TEMIN, P. (2008). 'Money and prices in the early Roman empire', in W. V. Harris (ed.), The Monetary System of the Greeks and Romans. Oxford, 174-207.
129. KOEPKE N., and BATEN, J. (2005). 'The biological standard of living in Europe during the last two millennia', European Review of Economic History 9.1: 61-95.
130. KOMLOS, J. (ed. 1994). Stature, Living Standards and Economic Development: Essays in Anthropometric History. Chicago.
131. KRON, G. (2005). 'Anthropometry, physical anthropology and the reconstruction of ancient health, nutrition and living standards', Historia 54.1: 68-83.
132. KRÜGER, J. (1990). Oxyrhynchos in der Kaiserzeit: Studien zur Topographie und Literaturrezeption. Frankfurt.
133. LAL, D. (1998). Unintended Consequences: The Impact of Factor Endowments, Culture and Politics on Long-Run Economic Performance. Cambridge, Mass., and London.
134. LEPELLEY, C. (1979-81). Les cités de l'Afrique romaine au Bas-Empire: Étude d'histoire municipale, 2 vols. Paris.
135. LEWIS, M. J. T. (1997). Millstone and Hammer: The Origins of Water Power. Hull.
136. LEWIS, M. J. T. (2001). 'Railways in the Greek and Roman world', in A. Guy and J. Rees (eds.), Early Railways: A Selection of Papers from the First International Early Railways Conference. London, 8-19.
137. LEWIS, N. (1968). 'Graeco-Roman Egypt: Fact or fiction?', in Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor 1968 (ASP 7). Toronto, 3-14.
138. LO CASCIO, E. (1994). 'The size of the Roman population: Beloch and the meaning of the Augustan census figures', JRS 84: 23-40.
139. LO CASCIO, E. (1999). 'La popolazione dell'Egitto romano', in M. Bellancourt-Valdher and J.-N. Corvisier (eds.), La démographie historique antique (Arras), 153-69.
140. LO CASCIO, E. (ed. 2006). Innovazione tecnica e progresso economico nel mondo romano (Pragmateiai). Bari.
141. LO CASCIO, E. and MALANIMA, P. (2005). 'Cycles and stability: Italian population before the demographic transition (225 BC-AD 1900)', Rivista di Storia Economica 21: 5-40.
142. LOANE, H. J. (1938). Industry and Commerce of the City of Rome (50 BC-200 AD) (Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science, ser. 56. 2). Baltimore.
143. LOUGHTON, M. E. (2003). 'The distribution of Republican amphorae in France', OJA 22.2: 177-207.
144. MCCORMICK, M. (2001). Origins of the European Economy. Cambridge.
145. MACKINNON, M. (2004). Production and Consumption of Animals in Roman Italy: Integrating the Zooarchaeological and Textual Evidence (JRA Suppl. 54). Portsmouth, RI.
146. MANNING, J. G., and MORRIS, I. (eds. 2005). The Ancient Economy: Evidence and Models. Stanford.
147. MARICHAL, R. (1988). Les graffites de La Graufesenque (Gallia, Suppl. 47). Paris.
148. MARZANO, A. (2007). Roman Villas in Central Italy: A Social and Economic History (Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition 30). Leiden.
149. MATIJASIC, R. (1999). 'La presenza imperiale nell'economia dell'Istria romana e nel contesto Adriatico', Histria Antiqua 4: 15-22.
150. MATTINGLY, D. J. (1985). 'Olive oil production in Roman Tripolitania', in D. J. Buck and D. J. Mattingly (eds.), Town and Country in Roman Tripolitania: Papers in honour of Olwen Hackett (BAR International Series 274). Oxford, 27-46.
151. MATTINGLY, D. J. (1988a). 'Oil for export? A comparison of Libyan, Spanish and Tunisian olive oil production in the Roman empire', JRA 1: 33-56.
152. MATTINGLY, D. J. (1988b). 'The olive boom: Oil surpluses, wealth and power in Roman Tripolitania', Lib. Stud. 19: 21-41.
153. MATTINGLY, D. J. (1993). 'Maximum figures and maximizing strategies of oil production? Further thoughts on the processing capacity of Roman olive presses', in M.-C. Amouretti and J.-P. Brun (eds.) La production du vin et de l'huile en Méditerranée (Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, Suppl. 26). Athens and Paris, 483-98.
154. MATTINGLY, D. J. (ed. 1997). Dialogues in Roman Imperialism: Power, Discourse and Discrepant Experience in the Roman Empire (JRA Suppl. 23). Portsmouth, RI.
155. MATTINGLY, D. J. (ed. 2003). The Archaeology of Fazzan, vol. 1 Synthesis. London.
156. MATTINGLY, D. J. (2004). 'Being Roman: Expressing identity in a provincial setting', JRA 17: 5-25.
157. MEYER, J. C. (2006). 'Trade in Bronze Age and Iron Age Empires, a comparison', in P. F. Bang et al. (eds.), Ancient Economies, Modern Methodologies: Archaeology, Comparative History, Models and Institutions. Bari, 89-106.
158. MILLETT, P. (2000). 'Productive to some purpose? The problem of ancient economic growth', in D. J. Mattingly and J. Salmon (eds.), Economies beyond Agriculture in the Classical World (Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society). London, 17-48.
159. MITCHELL, S. (1999). 'Greek epigraphy and social change: A study of Romanisation in south-west Asia Minor in the third century AD', in XI Congresso Internazionale di Epigrafia Greca e Latina, Atti II. Rome, 419-33.
160. MONTHEL, J., VADALA, P., LEISTEL, J. M., and COTTARD, F., with the collaboration of ILIC, M., STRUMBERGER, A., TOSOVIC, R., STEPANOVIC, A. (2002). Mineral Deposits and Mining Districts of Serbia: Compilation Map and GIS Databases. BRGM/RC-51448-FR. http:\\www.mineralinfo.org/Cartes/Serbie/pot_minier.pdf.
161. MORLEY, N. (2001). 'The transformation of Italy 225-28 BC', JRS 91: 50-62.
162. MORLEY, N. (2007). Trade in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge.
163. MORRIS, I. (2005), 'Archaeology, standards of living, and Greek economic history', in J. G. Manning and I. Morris (eds.), The Ancient Economy: Evidence and Models. Stanford, 91-126.
164. MORRISSON, C. (1985). L'Or monnayé (Cahiers Ernest Babelon 2, 1 Purification et alterations de Rome à Byzance). Paris.
165. MÜLLER, K. (2003a). 'Places and spaces in the Themistou Meris (Fayum/Graeco-Roman Egypt): Locating settlements by Multidimensional Scaling of papyri', Ancient Society 33: 103-125.
166. MÜLLER, K. (2003b). 'Mastering matrices and clusters: Locating Graeco-Roman settlements in the Meris of Herakleides (Fayum/Egypt) by Monte-Carlo-Simulation', Archiv für Papyrusforschung 49: 218-52.
167. MÜLLER, K. and LEE, W. (forthcoming). 'From mess to matrix and beyond: Estimating the size of settlements in the Ptolemaic Fayum/Egypt', Journal of Archaeological Science.
168. NORTH, D. C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge.
169. ØRSTED, P. (1994). 'From Henchir Mettich to the Albertini Tablets: A study in the economic and social significance of the Roman lease system (locatioconductio)', in J. Carlsen, P. Ørsted, and J. E. Skydsgaard (eds.), Land Use in the Roman Empire (ARID Suppl. 22). Rome, 115-25.
170. PAROVIĆ-PEŠIKAN, M. (1987/90). 'Kompleks metalurških peći na Ulpijani', Zbornik radova Muzeja rudarstva i metalurgije 5-6: 33-65.
171. PATERSON, J. (2004). 'Autocracy and political economy', Mediterraneo Antico VII.2: 571-89.
172. PEACOCK, D. P. S., and BLUE, L. (2006). Myos Hormos-Quseir al-Qadim: Roman and Islamic Ports on the Red Sea. Oxford.
173. PEACOCK, D. P. S. and WILLIAMS, D. F. (1986). Amphorae and the Roman Economy: An Introductory Guide (Longman Archaeology Series). London and New York.
174. PEACOCK, D. P. S. (eds. 2007). Food for the Gods: New Light on the Ancient Incense Trade. Oxford.
175. PERCIVAL, J. (1976). The Roman Villa: An Historical Introduction. London.
176. PLEKET, H. W. (1993), 'Agriculture in the Roman empire in comparative perspective', in H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg et al. (eds.), De Agricultura: In Memoriam P. W. de Neeve. Amsterdam, 317-42.
177. PONTING, M. J., EVANS, J. A., and PASHLEY, V. (2003). 'Fingerprinting of Roman mints using laser-ablation MC-ICP-MS lead isotope analysis', Archaeometry 45.4: 591-7.
178. PRUNETI, P. (1981). I centri abitati dell'Ossirinchite: repertorio toponomastico. Florence.
179. PURCELL, N. (1995). 'The Roman villa and the landscape of production', in T. J. Cornell and K. Lomas (eds.), Urban Society in Roman Italy. London, 151-79.
180. RASCHKE, M. G. (1978). 'New studies in Roman commerce with the East', in H. Temporini and W. Haase (eds.), Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.9.2. Berlin, 604-1378.
181. RATHBONE, D. W. (1990). 'Villages, land and population in Graeco-Roman Egypt', PCPS 36: 103-42.
182. RATHBONE, D. W. (1991). Economic Rationalism and Rural Society in Third-Century AD Egypt: The Heroninos Archive and the Appianus Estate. Cambridge.
183. RATHBONE, D. W. (1994). 'More (or less?) economic rationalism in Roman agriculture', JRA 7: 432-6.
184. RATHBONE, D. W. (1996a). 'Monetisation, not price inflation, in third-century Egypt', in C. E. King and D. G. Wigg (eds.), Coin Finds and Coin Use in the Roman World. The Thirteenth Oxford Symposium on Coinage and Monetary History (Studien zu Fundmunzen der Antike 10). Berlin, 321-39.
185. RATHBONE, D. W. (1996b). 'Towards a historical topography of the Fayum', in D. M. Bailey (ed.), Archaeological Research in Roman Egypt (JRA Suppl. 19). Ann Arbor, 50-6.
186. RATHBONE, D. W. (1997). 'Prices and price formation in Roman Egypt', Économie Antique, Prix et formation des prix dans les économies antiques (Entretiens d'archéologie et d'histoire St-Bertrand-de-Comminges). Paris, 183-244.
187. RATHBONE, D. W. (2001a). 'The "Muziris" papyrus (SB XVIII 13167): Financing Roman trade with India', in Alexandrian Studies II in Honor of Mostafa el-Abbadi (BSAA 4-6). Alexandria, 39-50.
188. RATHBONE, D. W. (2001b). 'PSI XI 1183: Record of a Roman census declaration of AD 47/8', in T. Gagos and R. S. Bagnall (eds.), Essays and Texts in Honor of J. David Thomas (American Studies in Papyrology 42). Oakville, Conn., 99-114.
189. RICKMAN, G. (1980). The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome. Oxford.
190. RILEY, J. A. (1979). 'The coarse pottery from Berenice', in J. A. Lloyd (ed.), Excavations at Sidi Khrebish Benghazi (Berenice) (Supplements to Libya Antiqua 5.2). Tripoli, 91-467.
191. RODRÍGUEZ ALMEIDA, E. (1984). Il Monte Testaccio: Ambiente, storia, materiali. Rome.
192. ROSMAN, K. J. R., CHISHOLM, W., HONG, S., CANDELONE, J.-P., and BOUTRON, C. F. (1997). 'Lead from Carthaginian and Roman Spanish mines isotopically identified in Greenland ice dated from 600 B.C. to 300 A.D.', Environment, Science and Technology 31: 3413-16.
193. ROSUMEK, P. (1982). Technischer Fortschritt und Rationalisierung im antiken Bergbau (Habelts Dissertationsdrucke, Reihe alte Geschichte 15). Bonn.
194. ROWLANDSON, J. L. (1996). Landowners and Tenants in Roman Egypt: The Social Relations of Agriculture in the Oxyrhynchite Nome. Oxford.
195. RUSSELL, J. C. (1958). 'Late ancient and medieval population', TAPS 48.3: 1-152.
196. RUSSELL, J. C. (1972). 'Population in Europe 500-1500', in C. M. Cipolla (ed.), The Fontana Economic History of Europe 1. Glasgow, 25-71.
197. SALLER, R. P. (2002). 'Framing the debate over growth in the ancient economy', in W. Scheidel and S. von Reden (eds.), The Ancient Economy. Edinburgh, 251-69.
198. SALLER, R. P. (2005). 'Framing the debate over growth in the ancient economy', in J. G. Manning and I. Morris (eds.), The Ancient Economy: Evidence and Models. Stanford, 223-38.
199. SBONIAS, K. (1999). 'Introduction to issues in demography and survey', in J. Bintliff and K. Sbonias (eds.), Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe. Oxford, 1-20.
200. SCHEIDEL, W. (1996). 'Finances, figures and fiction', CQ 46: 222-38.
201. SCHEIDEL, W. (ed. 2001a). Debating Roman Demography (Mnemosyne Suppl. 211). Leiden.
202. SCHEIDEL, W. (2001b). Death on the Nile: Disease and the Demography of Roman Egypt (Mnemosyne Suppl. 228). Leiden.
203. SCHEIDEL, W. (2004). 'Demographic and economic development in the ancient Mediterranean world', Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 160: 743-57.
204. SCHEIDEL, W. (2007). 'A model of real income growth in Roman Italy', Historia 56: 322-46.
205. SCHEIDEL, W. and VON REDEN, S. (eds. 2002). The Ancient Economy. Edinburgh.
206. SCHEIDEL, W. MORRIS, I., and SALLER, R. (eds. 2007). The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge.
207. SETÄLÄ, P. (1977). Private Domini in Roman Brick Stamps of the Empire: A Historical and Prosopographical Study of Landowners in the District of Rome (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae 9.2). Helsinki.
208. SMITH, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 4 vols. Edinburgh.
209. STECKEL, R. H., and ROSE, J. C. (eds. 2002). The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere. Cambridge and New York.
210. STOREY, G. R. (1999). 'Archaeology and Roman society: Integrating textual and archaeological data', Journal of Archaeological Research 7.3: 203-48.
211. SZAIVERT, W., and WOLTERS, R. (2005). Löhne, Preise, Werte: Quellen zur römischen Geldwirtschaft. Darmstadt.
212. TACOMA, L. E. (2006). Fragile Hierarchies: The Urban Elites of Third-Century Roman Egypt. Leiden.
213. TATE, G. (1992). Les campagnes de la Syrie du Nord du IIe au VIe siècle: Une exemple d'expansion démographique et économique à la fin d'antiquité, Institut français d'archéologie du proche-orient (Bibliothèque historique et archéologique 133, 1). Paris.
214. TEMIN, P. (2001). 'A market economy in the early Roman Empire', JRS 91: 169-81.
215. TEMIN, P. (2006a). 'Estimating the GDP of the Early Roman Empire', in E. Lo Cascio (ed.), Innovazione tecnica e progresso economico nel mondo romano (Pragmateiai). Bari, 31-54.
216. TEMIN, P. (2006b). 'The economy of the early Roman empire', Journal of Economic Perspectives 20: 133-51.
217. THONEMANN, P. (2007). 'Estates and the land in Late Roman Asia Minor', Chiron 37: 435-78.
218. TOEPEL, L. R. (1973). 'Studies in the Administrative and Economic History of Tebtunis in the First Century AD'. Diss. Duke University.
219. VAN DER SPEK, R. J. (2006). 'How to measure prosperity? The case of Hellenistic Babylonia', in R. Descat (ed.), Approches de l'économie hellénistique (Entretiens d'archéologie et d'histoire St-Bertrand-de-Comminges 7). Paris, 287-310.
220. VAN MINNEN, P. (1987). 'Urban craftsmen in Roman Egypt', MBAH 6.1: 31-88.
221. VAN MINNEN, P. (1998). 'Boorish or bookish? Literature in Egyptian villages in the Fayum in the Graeco-Roman period', Journal of Juristic Papyrology 28: 99-184.
222. VAN MINNEN, P. (2000). 'Agriculture and the "Taxes-and-Trade" Model in Roman Egypt', ZPE 133: 205-20.
223. VAN MINNEN, P. (2002). 'Hermopolis in the crisis of the Roman empire', in W. Jongman and M. Kleiwegt (eds.), After the Past: Essays in Ancient History in Honour of H. W. Pleket. Leiden, 285-304.
224. VERNHET, A., and BÉMONT, C. (1991). 'Un nouveau compte de potiers de La Graufesenque portant mention des flamines', Annales de Pegasus 1: 12-14.
225. VERNHET, A. (1993). 'Le graffite des nones d'octobre', Annales de Pegasus 2: 19-21.
226. VON REDEN, S. (2007). Money in Ptolemaic Egypt, from the Macedonian Conquest to the End of the Third Century BC. Cambridge.
227. WALLACE, S. L. (1938). Taxation in Egypt from Augustus to Diocletian. Princeton.
228. WALLERSTEIN, I. (1974-80). The Modern World-System. London and New York.
229. WARD-PERKINS, B. (2005). The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization. Oxford.
230. WEBSTER, J. (2001). 'Creolizing Roman Britain', AJA 105.2: 209-25.
231. WHITE, L. T. (1962). Medieval Technology and Social Change. Oxford.
232. WHITE, L. T. (1980). 'Technological development in the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages', in Tecnologia, economia e società nel mondo romano: Atti del convegno di Como, 27/28/29 settembre 1979. Como, 235-51.
233. WHITTAKER, C. R. (1993). Land, City and Trade in the Roman Empire (Variorum Collected Studies 408). Aldershot.
234. WICKHAM, C. (2005). Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-800. Oxford.
235. WIKANDER, Ö. (1980). Vattenmöllor och möllare i det romerska riket. Lund.
236. WIKANDER, Ö. (1984). Exploitation of Water-Power or Technological Stagnation? A Reappraisal of the Productive Forces in the Roman Empire (Studier utgivna av Kungl. Humanistiska Vetenskapssamfundet i Lund, 1983-1984. 3). Lund.
237. WIKANDER, Ö. (2000). 'The water-mill', in Ö. Wikander (ed.), Handbook of Ancient Water Technology (Technology and Change in History 2). Leiden, 371-400.
238. WILL, E. L. (2004). 'Mediterranean amphoras in India', in J. Eiring and J. Lund (eds.), Transport Amphorae and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean (Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 5). Athens, 433-40.
239. WILSON, A. I. (1997). 'Water Management and Usage in Roman North Africa: A Social and Technological Study'. D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford.
240. WILSON, A. I. (2002a). 'Machines, power and the ancient economy', JRS 92: 1-32.
241. WILSON, A. I. (2002b). 'Urban production in the Roman world: The view from North Africa', PBSR 70: 231-73.
242. WILSON, A. I. (2006). 'The economic impact of technological advances in the Roman construction industry', in E. Lo Cascio (ed.), Innovazione tecnica e progresso economico nel mondo romano (Pragmateiai). Bari, 225-36.
243. WILSON, A. I. (2007a). 'The metal supply of the Roman Empire', in E. Papi and B. Scardigli (eds.), Supplying Rome (JRA Suppl. 69), 109-25.
244. WILSON, A. I. (2007b). 'Urban development in the Severan Empire', in S. C. R. Swain., S. J. Harrison, and J. Elsner (eds.), Severan Culture. Cambridge, 290-326.
245. WILSON, A. I. (2008a). 'Large-scale manufacturing, standardization, and trade', in J. P. Oleson (ed.), Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World. Oxford, 393-417.
246. WILSON, A. I. (2008b). 'Site recovery rates and the ancient population of the Biferno Valley', in G. Lock and A. Faustoferri (eds.), Archaeology and Landscape in Central Italy: Papers in Memory of John A. Lloyd (Oxford University School of Archaeology Monographs 69). Oxford, 233-53.
247. WILSON, A. I. (forthcoming). 'City sizes and urbanization in the Roman Empire', in A. K. Bowman and A. I. Wilson (eds.), Population, Settlement, and the Roman Economy (Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy 2). Oxford.
248. WITCHER, R. (2005). 'The extended metropolis: Urbs, suburbium and population', JRA 18: 120-38.
249. WOOLF, G. (1992). 'Imperialism, empire and the integration of the Roman economy', WorldA 23.3: 283-93.
250. WOOLF, G. (1998). Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilisation in Gaul. Cambridge.
251. WOOLF, G. (2000). 'Regional productions in early Roman Gaul', in D. J. Mattingly and J. Salmon (eds.), Economies beyond Agriculture in the Classical World (Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society). London, 49-65.
252. WRIGLEY, E. A. (2004). Poverty, Progress and Population. Cambridge.
253. ZORN, J. R. (1994). 'Estimating the population size of ancient settlements: Methods, problems, solutions, and a case study', BASO 295: 31-48.