Affinity biosensors for tumor-marker analysis

Bioanalysis

Volumn 6, Issue 24, 2014, Pages 3417-3435

  Palchetti, Ilaria ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APTAMER; CA 15-3 ANTIGEN; CALCITONIN; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; DEOXYRIBOZYME; DNA; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; GLUCOSE OXIDASE; GOLD NANOPARTICLE; HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE; KI 67 ANTIGEN; LUMINOL; MICRORNA; MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MULTI WALLED NANOTUBE; NANOBODY; PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROTEIN P19; QUANTUM DOT; TAMOXIFEN; TRASTUZUMAB; TUMOR MARKER; UROKINASE;

AFFINITY BIOSENSOR; AMPEROMETRY; BACTERIOPHAGE; BIOSENSOR; BREAST CANCER; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER THERAPY; CHEMOLUMINESCENCE; CIRCULATING TUMOR CELL; COLORECTAL CANCER; COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; CYCLIC POTENTIOMETRY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DIFFERENTIAL PULSE VOLTAMMETRY; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; DNA MICROARRAY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOSENSOR; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; NANOSENSOR; NONHUMAN; POINT OF CARE TESTING; POTENTIOMETRY; PREDICTION; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN ENGINEERING; QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RECURRENCE RISK; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RNA ANALYSIS; RNA HYBRIDIZATION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SQUARE WAVE VOLTAMMETRY; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; TECHNOLOGY; THYROID MEDULLARY CARCINOMA; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ANIMAL; GENETIC PROCEDURES; NEOPLASMS; PROCEDURES;

ANIMALS; BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84919784660     PISSN: 17576180     EISSN: 17576199     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.247     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. Edwards BK, Noone AM, Mariotto AB, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2010, featuring prevalence of comorbidity and impact on survival among persons with lung, colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer. Cancer 120(9), 1290-1314 (2014
2. De Angelis R, Sant M, Coleman MP, et al. Cancer survival in Europe 1999-2007 by country and age: Results of EUROCARE-5- A population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 15(1), 23-34 (2014
3. Ferlay J, Steliarova-Foucher E, Lortet-Tieulent J, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur. J. Cancer 49(6), 1374-1403 (2013
4. Sharma S, Kelly TK, Jones PA. Epigenetics in cancer. Carcinogenesis 31(1), 27-36 (2010
5. Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Hennessy BT, Mills GB. Future of personalized medicine in oncology: A systems biology approach. J. Clin. Oncol. 28(16), 2777-2783 (2010
6. Rasooly A, Jacobson J. Development of biosensors for cancer clinical testing. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21(10), 1851-1858 (2006
7. Tothill IE. Biosensors for cancer markers diagnosis. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 20(1), 55-62 (2009
8. Soper SA, Brown K, Ellington A, et al. Point-of-care biosensor systems for cancer diagnostics/prognostics. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21(10), 1932-1942 (2006
9. D'orazio P. Biosensors in clinical chemistry - 2011 update. Clin. Chim. Acta 412(19-20), 1749-1761 (2011
10. Henry NL, Hayes DF. Cancer biomarkers. Mol. Oncol. 6(2), 140-146 (2012
11. Thariani R, Veenstra DL, Carlson JJ, Garrison LP, Ramsey S. Paying for personalized care: Cancer biomarkers and comparative effectiveness. Mol. Oncol. 6(2), 260-266 (2012
12. Gonzalez De Castro D, Clarke PA, Al-Lazikani B, Workman P. Personalized cancer medicine: Molecular diagnostics, predictive biomarkers, and drug resistance. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 93(3), 252-259 (2013
13. Hamburg MA, Collins FS. The path to personalized medicine. N. Engl. J. Med. 363(4), 301-304 (2010
14. Paoletti C, Hayes DF. Molecular testing in breast cancer. Annu. Rev. Med. 65, 95-110 (2014
15. Turner AP. Biosensors: Sense and sensibility. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42(8), 3184-3196 (2013
16. Algar WR, Tavares AJ, Krull UJ. Beyond labels: Areview of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction. Anal. Chim. Acta 673(1), 1-25 (2010
17. Roda A, Guardigli M. Analytical chemiluminescence and bioluminescence: Latest achievements and new horizons. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 402(1), 69-76 (2012
18. Mariani S, Minunni M. Surface plasmon resonance applications in clinical analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 406(9-10), 2303-2323 (2014
19. Chikkaveeraiah BV, Bhirde AA, Morgan NY, Eden HS, Chen X. Electrochemical immunosensors for detection of cancer protein biomarkers. ACS Nano 6(8), 6546-6561 (2012
20. Ronkainen NJ, Halsall HB, Heineman WR. Electrochemical biosensors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39(5), 1747-1763 (2010
21. Swierczewska M, Liu G, Lee S, Chen X. High-sensitivity nanosensors for biomarker detection. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(7), 2641-2655 (2012
22. Perfezou M, Turner A, Merkoci A. Cancer detection using nanoparticle-based sensors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(7), 2606-2622 (2012
23. Conroy PJ, Hearty S, Leonard P, O'kennedy RJ. Antibody production, design and use for biosensor-based applications. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 20(1), 10-26 (2009
24. Zeng X, Shen Z, Mernaugh R. Recombinant antibodies and their use in biosensors. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 402(10), 3027-3038 (2012
25. Keating J, Sankar G, Hyde TI, Kohara S, Ohara K. Elucidation of structure and nature of the PdO-Pd transformation using in situ PDF and XAS techniques. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys 15(22), 8555-8565 (2013
26. Flajnik MF, Deschacht N, Muyldermans S
27. Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh G, Devoogdt N, De Pauw P, Vincke C, Muyldermans S. Nanobodies and their potential applications. Nanomedicine 8(6), 1013-1026 (2013
28. Huang L, Reekmans G, Saerens D, et al. Prostate-specific antigen immunosensing based on mixed self-Assembled monolayers, camel antibodies and colloidal gold enhanced sandwich assays. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21(3), 483-490 (2005
29. Campuzano S, Salema V, Moreno-Guzman M, et al. Disposable amperometric magnetoimmunosensors using nanobodies as biorecognition element. Determination of fibrinogen in plasma. Biosens. Bioelectron. 52, 255-260 (2014
30. Mascini M, Palchetti I, Tombelli S. Nucleic acid and peptide aptamers: Fundamentals and bioanalytical aspects. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51(6), 1316-1332 (2012
31. Shu HW, Wen W, Xiong HY, Zhang XH, Wang SF. Novel electrochemical aptamer biosensor based on gold nanoparticles signal amplification for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Electrochem. Commun. 37, 15-19 (2013
32. Famulok M, Mayer G. Aptamer modules as sensors and detectors. Acc. Chem. Res. 44(12), 1349-1358 (2011
33. Keefe AD, Pai S, Ellington A. Aptamers as therapeutics. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 9(7), 537-550 (2010
34. Zhu G, Ye M, Donovan MJ, Song E, Zhao Z, Tan W. Nucleic acid aptamers: An emerging frontier in cancer therapy. Chem. Commun. 48(85), 10472-10480 (2012
35. Ni X, Castanares M, Mukherjee A, Lupold SE. Nucleic acid aptamers: Clinical applications and promising new horizons. Curr. Med. Chem. 18(27), 4206-4214 (2011
36. Bossmann SH, Troyer DL. Point-of-care routine rapid screening: The future of cancer diagnosis? Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 13(2), 107-109 (2013
37. Chang YM, Donovan MJ, Tan W. Using aptamers for cancer biomarker discovery. J. Nucleic Acids 2013, 817350 (2013
38. Mayer G, Ahmed MS, Dolf A, Endl E, Knolle PA, Famulok M. Fluorescence-Activated cell sorting for aptamer SELEX with cell mixtures. Nat. Protoc. 5(12), 1993-2004 (2010
39. Liu Q, Jin C, Wang Y, et al. Aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials for specific cancer cell recognition and targeted cancer therapy. NPG Asia Mater. 6(4), e95 (2014
40. Liu G, Mao X, Phillips JA, Xu H, Tan W, Zeng L. Aptamer- nanoparticle strip biosensor for sensitive detection of cancer cells. Anal. Chem. 81(24), 10013-10018 (2009
41. Kashefi-Kheyrabadi L, Mehrgardi MA, Wiechec E, Turner AP, Tiwari A. Ultrasensitive detection of human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells using a label-free aptasensor. Anal. Chem., 86, 4956-4960 (2014
42. Yan M, Sun G, Liu F, et al. An aptasensor for sensitive detection of human breast cancer cells by using porous GO/Au composites and porous PtFe alloy as effective sensing platform and signal amplification label. Anal. Chim. Acta 798, 33-39 (2013
43. Liu F, Zhang Y, Yu J, Wang S, Ge S, Song X. Application of ZnO/graphene and S6 aptamers for sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells based on a disposable indium tin oxide device. Biosens. Bioelectron. 51, 413-420 (2014)
44. Wu MS, Yuan DJ, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Sensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on Au-ITO Hybrid bipolar electrode amplification system for cell surface protein Detection. Anal. Chem. 85, 11960-11965 (2013
45. Gronwall C, Stahl S. Engineered affinity proteins: Generation and applications. J. Biotechnol. 140(3-4), 254-269 (2009
46. Binz HK, Amstutz P, Pluckthun A. Engineering novel binding proteins from nonimmunoglobulin Domains. Nat. Biotech. 23(10), 1257-1268 (2005
47. Deutscher SL. Phage display in molecular imaging and diagnosis of cancer. Chem. Rev. 110(5), 3196-3211 (2010
48. Castillo JJ, Svendsen WE, Rozlosnik N, Escobar P, Martinez F, Castillo-Leon J. Detection of cancer cells using a peptide nanotube-folic acid modified graphene electrode. Analyst 138(4), 1026-1031 (2013
49. Chiriaco MS, Primiceri E, Monteduro AG, et al. Towards pancreatic cancer diagnosis using EIS biochips. Lab Chip 13(4), 730-734 (2013
50. Lee JW, Song J, Hwang MP, Lee KH. Nanoscale bacteriophage biosensors beyond phage display. Int. J. Nanomedicine 8, 3917-3925 (2013
51. Yang L-MC, Tam PY, Murray BJ, et al. Virus electrodes for universal biodetection. Anal. Chem. 78(10), 3265-3270 (2006
52. Palaniappan KK, Ramirez RM, Bajaj VS, Wemmer DE, Pines A, Francis MB. Molecular imaging of cancer cells using a bacteriophage-based 129Xe NMR biosensor. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52(18), 4849-4853 (2013
53. Mao C, Liu A, Cao B. Virus-based chemical and biological sensing. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 48(37), 6790-6810 (2009
54. Whitcombe MJ, Chianella I, Larcombe L, et al. The rational development of molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors for protein Detection. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(3), 1547-1571 (2011
55. Fuchs Y, Soppera O, Haupt K. Photopolymerization and photostructuring of molecularly imprinted polymers for sensor applications: A review. Anal. Chim. Acta 717(0), 7-20 (2012
56. Wang Y, Zhang Z, Jain V, et al. Potentiometric sensors based on surface molecular imprinting: Detection of cancer biomarkers and viruses. Sens. Actuators B-Chem. 146(1), 381-387 (2010
57. Viswanathan S, Rani C, Ribeiro S, Delerue-Matos C. Molecular imprinted nanoelectrodes for ultra sensitive detection of ovarian cancer marker. Biosens. Bioelectron. 33(1), 179-183 (2012
58. Potapenko IO, Haakensen VD, Lüders T, et al. Glycan gene expression signatures in normal and malignant breast tissue; possible role in Diagnosis and progression. Mol. Oncol. 4(2), 98-118 (2010
59. Cao J-T, Hao X-Y, Zhu Y-D, Sun K, Zhu J-J. Microfluidic platform for the evaluation of multi-glycan expressions on living cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and optical microscope. Anal. Chem. 84(15), 6775-6782 (2012
60. Wang Y, Qu K, Tang L, et al. Nanomaterials in carbohydrate biosensors. Trends Analyt. Chem. 58, 54-70 (2014
61. Labuda J, Brett AMO, Evtugyn G, et al. Electrochemical nucleic acid-based biosensors: Concepts, terms, and methodology (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 82(5), 1161-1187 (2010
62. Palchetti I, Marrazza G, Mascini M. Genosensing environmental pollution. In: Nucleic Acid Biosensors for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. Mascini M, Palchetti I (Eds). Royal Society of Chemistry, London UK, 34-60 (2011
63. Cosnier S, Mailley P. Recent advances in DNA sensors. Analyst 133(8), 984-991 (2008
64. Sassolas A, Leca-Bouvier BD, Blum LJ. DNA biosensors and microarrays. Chem. Rev. 108(1), 109-139 (2008
65. Lucarelli F, Tombelli S, Minunni M, Marrazza G, Mascini M. Electrochemical and piezoelectric DNA biosensors for hybridization Detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 609(2), 139-159 (2008
66. Karadeniz H, Kuralay F, Abaci S, Erdem A. The recent electrochemical biosensor technologies for monitoring of nucleic acid hybridization. Curr. Anal. Chem. 7(1), 63-70 (2011
67. Ricci F, Zari N, Caprio F, et al. Surface chemistry effects on the performance of an electrochemical DNA sensor. Bioelectrochem 76(1-2), 208-213 (2009
68. Laschi S, Palchetti I, Marrazza G, Mascini M. Enzyme-Amplified electrochemical hybridization assay based on PNA, LNA and DNA probe-modified micro-magnetic beads. Bioelectrochemistry 76(1-2), 214-220 (2009
69. Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell 75(5), 843-854 (1993
70. Iorio MV, Croce CM. MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: Diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics: A comprehensive review. EMBO Mol. Med. 4(3), 143-159 (2012
71. Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: Target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell 136(2), 215-233 (2009
72. Cissell K, Deo S. Trends in microRNA detection. Anal BioAnal. Chem. 394(4), 1109-1116 (2009
73. Johnson BN, Mutharasan R. Biosensor-based microRNA detection: Techniques, design, performance, and challenges. Analyst 139(7), 1576-1588 (2014
74. Driskell JD, Tripp RA. Label-free SERS detection of microRNA based on affinity for an unmodified silver nanorod array substrate. Chem. Commun. 46(19), 3298-3300 (2010
75. Wu Y, Kwak KJ, Agarwal K, et al. Detection of extracellular RNAs in cancer and viral infection via tethered cationic lipoplex nanoparticles containing molecular beacons. Anal. Chem. 85(23), 11265-11274 (2013
76. Campuzano S, Pedrero M, Pingarron JM. Electrochemical genosensors for the detection of cancer-related miRNAs. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 406(1), 27-33 (2014
77. Teo AKL, Lim CL, Gao Z. The development of electrochemical assays for microRNAs. Electrochim. Acta 126, 19-30 (2014
78. Hamidi-Asl E, Palchetti I, Hasheminejad E, Mascini M. A review on the electrochemical biosensors for determination of microRNAs. Talanta 115, 74-83 (2013
79. Gao Z, Yang Z. Detection of MicroRNAs using electrocatalytic nanoparticle tags. Anal. Chem. 78(5), 1470-1477 (2006
80. Gao Z, Yu YH. A microRNA biosensor based on Direct chemical ligation and electrochemically amplified detection. Sens. Actuators B-Chem. 121(2), 552-559 (2007
81. Gao Z, Yu YH. Direct labeling microRNA with an electrocatalytic moiety and its application in ultrasensitive microRNA assays. Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(6), 933-940 (2007
82. Peng Y, Gao Z. Amplified detection of microRNA based on ruthenium oxide nanoparticle-initiated deposition of an insulating film. Anal. Chem. 83(3), 820-827 (2011
83. Peng Y, Yi G, Gao Z. A highly sensitive microRNA biosensor based on ruthenium oxide nanoparticle-initiated polymerization of aniline. Chem. Commun. 46(48), 9131-9133 (2010
84. PöHlmann C, Sprinzl M. Electrochemical detection of microRNAs via gap hybridization assay. Anal. Chem. 82(11), 4434-4440 (2010
85. Gao Z. A highly sensitive electrochemical assay for microRNA expression profiling. Analyst 137(7), 1674-1679 (2012
86. Gao Z, Peng Y. A highly sensitive and specific biosensor for ligation- And PCR-free detection of MicroRNAs. Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(9), 3768-3773 (2011
87. Yin H, Zhou Y, Chen C, Zhu L, Ai S. An electrochemical signal 'off-on' sensing platform for microRNA detection. Analyst 137(6), 1389-1395 (2012
88. Bettazzi F, Hamid-Asl E, Esposito CL, et al. Electrochemical detection of miRNA-222 by use of a magnetic bead-based bioassay. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 405(2-3), 1025-1034 (2013
89. Yang H, Hui A, Pampalakis G, et al. Direct, electronic microRNA detection for the rapid determination of differential expression profiles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 48(45), 8461-8464 (2009
90. Fan Y, Chen X, Trigg AD, Tung C-H, Kong J, Gao Z. Detection of microRNAs using target-guided formation of conducting polymer nanowires in nanogaps. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(17), 5437-5443 (2007
91. Zhang G-J, Chua JH, Chee R-E, Agarwal A, Wong SM. Label-free direct detection of MiRNAs with silicon nanowire biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(8), 2504-2508 (2009
92. Labib M, Khan N, Ghobadloo SM, Cheng J, Pezacki JP, Berezovski MV. Three-mode electrochemical sensing of ultralow microRNA levels. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135(8), 3027-3038 (2013
93. Choi S, Goryll M, Sin LYM, Wong PK, Chae J. Microfluidic-based biosensors toward point-of-care detection of nucleic acids and proteins. Microfluidics Nanofluidics 10(2), 231-247 (2010
94. Rusling JF, Kumar CV, Gutkind JS, Patel V. Measurement of biomarker proteins for point-of-care early detection and monitoring of cancer. Analyst 135(10), 2496-2511 (2010
95. Li L, Li W, Yang H, et al. Sensitive origami dual-Analyte electrochemical immunodevice based on polyaniline/Au-paper electrode and multi-labeled 3D graphene sheets. Electrochim. Acta 120, 102-109 (2014
96. Malhotra R, Patel V, Chikkaveeraiah BV, et al. Ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in the clinic by use of a nanostructured microfluidic array. Anal. Chem. 84(14), 6249-6255 (2012
97. Escobedo C, Chou YW, Rahman M, et al. Quantification of ovarian cancer markers with integrated microfluidic concentration gradient and imaging nanohole surface plasmon resonance. Analyst 138(5), 1450-1458 (2013
98. Gaster RS, Hall DA, Nielsen CH, et al. Matrix-insensitive protein assays push the limits of biosensors in medicine. Nat. Med. 15(11), 1327-1332 (2009
99. Rusling JF. Steps along the road to electrochemical devices for early cancer diagnosis. Bioanalysis 2(5), 847-850 (2010
100. Conway JR, Carragher NO, Timpson P. Developments in preclinical cancer imaging: Innovating the discovery of therapeutics. Nat. Rev. Cancer 14(5), 314-328 (2014
101. Labuda J, Ovádeková R, Galandová J. DNA-based biosensor for the detection of strong damage to DNA by the quinazoline derivative as a potential anticancer agent. Microchim. Acta. 164(3-4), 371-377 (2008
102. Corduneanu O, Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Diculescu V, Fiuza SM, Marques MPM, Oliveira-Brett AM. DNA interaction with palladium chelates of biogenic polyamines using atomic force microscopy and voltammetric characterization. Anal. Chem. 82(4), 1245-1252 (2010
103. Kraemer S, Vaught JD, Bock C, et al. From SOMAmer-based biomarker discovery to diagnostic and clinical applications: A SOMAmer-based, streamlined multiplex proteomic assay. PLoS ONE 6(10), e26332 (2011
104. Van Simaeys D, Turek D, Champanhac C, et al. Identification of cell membrane protein stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 as a potential ovarian cancer biomarker using aptamers selected by cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Anal. Chem. 86(9), 4521-4527 (2014
105. Altintas Z, Uludag Y, Gurbuz Y, Tothill IE. Surface plasmon resonance based immunosensor for the detection of the cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen. Talanta 86, 377-383 (2011
106. Springer T, Homola J. Biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles for SPR-biosensor-based detection of CEA in blood plasma. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 404(10), 2869-2875 (2012
107. Cai Y, Li H, Li Y, et al. Electrochemical immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen based on signal amplification strategy of nanotubular mesoporous PdCu alloy. Biosens. Bioelectron. 36(1), 6-11 (2012
108. Cao X, Wang N, Jia S, Guo L, Li K. Bimetallic AuPt nanochains: Synthesis and their application in electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Biosens. Bioelectron. 39(1), 226-230 (2013
109. Ge Y, Wu J, Ju H, Wu S. Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor based on hybridization chain reaction triggered double strand DNA@Au nanoparticle tag. Talanta 120, 218-223 (2014
110. Jin B, Wang P, Mao H, et al. Multi-nanomaterial electrochemical biosensor based on label-free graphene for detecting cancer biomarkers. Biosens. Bioelectron. 55, 464-469 (2014
111. Laboria N, Fragoso A, Kemmner W, et al. Amperometric immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen in colon cancer samples based on monolayers of dendritic bipodal scaffolds. Anal. Chem. 82(5), 1712-1719 (2010
112. Lai W, Zhuang J, Tang J, Chen G, Tang D. One-step electrochemical immunosensing for simultaneous detection of two biomarkers using thionine and ferrocene as distinguishable signal tags. Microchim. Acta 178(3-4), 357-365 (2012
113. Li J, Gao H, Chen Z, Wei X, Yang CF. An electrochemical immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen enhanced by self-Assembled nanogold coatings on magnetic particles. Anal. Chim. Acta 665(1), 98-104 (2010
114. Liu Z, Ma Z. Fabrication of an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for CEA based on conducting long-chain polythiols. Biosens. Bioelectron. 46, 1-7 (2013
115. Lu W, Ge J, Tao L, Cao X, Dong J, Qian W. Large-scale synthesis of ultrathin Au-Pt nanowires assembled on thionine/graphene with high conductivity and sensitivity for electrochemical immunosensor. Electrochim. Acta 130, 335-343 (2014
116. Norouzi P, Gupta VK, Faridbod F, Pirali-Hamedani M, Larijani B, Ganjali MR. Carcinoembryonic antigen admittance biosensor based on Au and ZnO nanoparticles using FFT admittance voltammetry. Anal. Chem. 83(5), 1564-1570 (2011
117. Zhong Z, Wu W, Wang D, et al. Nanogold-enwrapped graphene nanocomposites as trace labels for sensitivity enhancement of electrochemical immunosensors in clinical immunoassays: Carcinoembryonic antigen as a model. Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(10), 2379-2383 (2010
118. Lv P, Min L, Yuan R, Chai Y, Chen S. A novel immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen based on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) protected prussian blue nanoparticles and double-layer nanometer-sized gold particles. Microchim. Acta 171(3-4), 297-304 (2010
119. Hu C, Zheng J, Su X, Wang J, Wu W, Hu S. Ultrasensitive all-carbon photoelectrochemical bioprobes for zeptomole immunosensing of tumor markers by an inexpensive visible laser light. Anal. Chem. 85(21), 10612-10619 (2013
120. Ji J, He L, Shen Y, et al. High-efficient energy funneling based on electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer in graded-gap quantum dots bilayers for immunoassay. Anal. Chem. 86(7), 3284-3290 (2014
121. Lei J, Lei C, Wang T, Yang Z, Zhou Y. Detection of targeted carcinoembryonic antigens using a micro-fluxgate-based biosensor. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(20), 203705-203709 (2013
122. Malic L, Sandros MG, Tabrizian M. Designed biointerface using near-infrared quantum dots for ultrasensitive surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensors. Anal. Chem. 83(13), 5222-5229 (2011
123. Li H, Wei Q, He J, et al. Electrochemical immunosensors for cancer biomarker with signal amplification based on ferrocene functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles. Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(8), 3590-3595 (2011
124. Liu J, Zhou H, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Dual-biomarker-based logic-controlled electrochemical diagnosis for prostate cancers. Electrochem. Commun. 32, 27-30 (2013
125. Wan Y, Deng W, Su Y, et al. Carbon nanotube-based ultrasensitive multiplexing electrochemical immunosensor for cancer biomarkers. Biosens. Bioelectron. 30(1), 93-99 (2011
126. Zani A, Laschi S, Mascini M, Marrazza G. A new electrochemical multiplexed assay for PSA cancer marker detection. Electroanalysis 23(1), 91-99 (2011
127. Yang M, Javadi A, Li H, Gong S. Ultrasensitive immunosensor for the detection of cancer biomarker based on graphene sheet. Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(2), 560-565 (2010
128. Kim D-J, Sohn IY, Jung J-H, Yoon OJ, Lee NE, Park J-S. Reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistor for label-free femtomolar protein Detection. Biosens. Bioelectron. 41, 621-626 (2013
129. Zhou M, Yang M, Zhou F. Paper based colorimetric biosensing platform utilizing cross-linked siloxane as probe. Biosens. Bioelectron. 55, 39-43 (2014
130. Lee H-J, Lee J-H, Moon H-S, et al. A planar split-ring resonator-based microwave biosensor for label-free detection of biomolecules. Sens. Actuators B-Chem. 169, 26-31 (2012
131. Su L, Zou L, Fong C-C, et al. Detection of cancer biomarkers by piezoelectric biosensor using PZT ceramic resonator as the transducer. Biosens. Bioelectron. 46, 155-161 (2013
132. Uludag Y, Tothill IE. Cancer biomarker detection in serum samples using surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance sensors with nanoparticle signal amplification. Anal. Chem. 84(14), 5898-5904 (2012
133. Xu S, Liu Y, Wang T, Li J. Positive potential operation of a cathodic electrogenerated chemiluminescence immunosensor based on luminol and graphene for cancer biomarker detection. Anal. Chem. 83(10), 3817-3823 (2011
134. Tran HV, Piro B, Reisberg S, Anquetin G, Duc HT, Pham MC. An innovative strategy for direct electrochemical detection of microRNA biomarkers. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 406(4), 1241-1244 (2014
135. Ren Y, Deng H, Shen W, Gao Z. A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor for direct detection of microRNAs in serum. Anal. Chem. 85(9), 4784-4789 (2013
136. Wu X, Chai Y, Yuan R, Su H, Han J. A novel label-free electrochemical microRNA biosensor using Pd nanoparticles as enhancer and linker. Analyst 138(4), 1060-1066 (2013
137. Gao Z, Deng H, Shen W, Ren Y. A label-free biosensor for electrochemical detection of femtomolar microRNAs. Anal. Chem. 85(3), 1624-1630 (2013
138. Xia N, Zhang L, Wang G, Feng Q, Liu L. Label-free and sensitive strategy for microRNAs detection based on the formation of boronate ester bonds and the dual-Amplification of gold nanoparticles. Biosens. Bioelectron. 47, 461-466 (2013
139. Shen W, Deng H, Ren Y, Gao Z. A label-free microRNA biosensor based on DNAzyme-catalyzed and microRNA-guided formation of a thin insulating polymer film. Biosens. Bioelectron. 44, 171-176 (2013
140. Li F, Peng J, Wang J, et al. Carbon nanotube-based label-free electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of miRNA-24. Biosens. Bioelectron. 54, 158-164 (2014
141. Erdem A, Congur G. Label-free voltammetric detection of MicroRNAs at multi-channel screen printed array of electrodes comparison to graphite sensors. Talanta 118, 7-13 (2014
142. Cai Z, Song Y, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Yang CJ, Chen X. An electrochemical sensor based on label-free functional allosteric molecular beacons for detection target DNA/miRNA. Biosens. Bioelectron. 41, 783-788 (2013
143. Meng X, Zhou Y, Liang Q, et al. Electrochemical determination of microRNA-21 based on bio bar code and hemin/G-quadruplet DNAenzyme. Analyst 138(12), 3409-3415 (2013
144. Kilic T, Nur Topkaya S, Ozsoz M. A new insight into electrochemical microRNA detection: A molecular caliper, p19 protein. Biosens. Bioelectron. 48, 165-171 (2013
145. Hong CY, Chen X, Liu T, et al. Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of cancer-Associated circulating microRNA in serum samples based on DNA concatamers. Biosens. Bioelectron. 50, 132-136 (2013
146. Yan YR, Zhao D, Yuan TX, et al. A Simple and Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor for microRNA Detection Using Target-Assisted Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction. Electroanal. 25(10), 2354-2359 (2013
147. Lin M, Wen Y, Li L, et al. Target-responsive, DNA nanostructure-based E-DNA sensor for microRNA analysis. Anal. Chem. 86(5), 2285-2288 (2014
148. Ge Z, Lin M, Wang P, et al. Hybridization chain reaction amplification of microRNA detection with a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure-based electrochemical biosensor. Anal. Chem. 86(4), 2124-2130 (2014
149. Bartosik M, Hrstka R, Palecek E, Vojtesek B. Magnetic bead-based hybridization assay for electrochemical detection of microRNA. Anal. Chim. Acta 813, 35-40 (2014
150. Liu L, Xia N, Liu H, et al. Highly sensitive and label-free electrochemical detection of microRNAs based on triple signal amplification of multifunctional gold nanoparticles, enzymes and redox-cycling reaction. Biosens. Bioelectron. 53, 399-405 (2014)
151. National Cancer institute SEER program http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/all.html
152. National Cancer institute www.cancer.gov
153. National Cancer institute www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/tumor-markers