Lead poisoning in children from townships in the vicinity of a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia

Chemosphere

Volumn 119, Issue , 2015, Pages 941-947

  Yabe, John ^a   Nakayama, Shouta M M ^b   Ikenaka, Yoshinori ^b   Yohannes, Yared B ^b   Bortey Sam, Nesta ^b   Oroszlany, Balazs ^b   Muzandu, Kaampwe ^a   Choongo, Kennedy ^a   Kabalo, Abel Nketani ^c   Ntapisha, John ^c   Mweene, Aaron ^a   Umemura, Takashi ^b   Ishizuka, Mayumi ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA   (Zambia)

^b HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Zambia)

Author keywords

Children; Kabwe; Lead poisoning; Pb Zn mine; Zambia

Indexed keywords

BINARY ALLOYS; BLOOD; HEALTH RISKS; INDUSTRIAL POISONS; ZINC ALLOYS; ZINC MINES;

BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; CHILDREN; HEALTH CONCERNS; KABWE; LEAD ZINC MINE; MEDICAL INTERVENTION; PB CONTAMINATION; ZAMBIA;

LEAD ALLOYS;

LEAD; ZINC; POLLUTANT;

BIOACCUMULATION; CHILD HEALTH; HEALTH RISK; LEAD; MINING; POISONING; POLLUTION EFFECT; TOXICITY; ZINC;

ARTICLE; BRAIN DISEASE; CHELATION THERAPY; CHILD; CHILD DEATH; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; FEMALE; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LEAD POISONING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MINING; ZAMBIA; ADOLESCENT; BLOOD; POLLUTANT;

CENTRAL PROVINCE [ZAMBIA]; KABWE; ZAMBIA;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HUMANS; LEAD; LEAD POISONING; MINING; ZAMBIA; ZINC;

EID: 84919740682     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: 18791298     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.028     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Al-Saleh I. Biochemical and clinical consequences of lead poisoning. Med. Res. Rev. 1994, 14:415-486.
2. Baker E.L., White R.F., Pothier L.J., Berkey C.S., Dinse G.E., Travers P.H., et al. Occupational lead neurotoxicity: improvement in behavioral effects after reduction of exposure. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1985, 42:507-516.
3. Bellinger D.C. Lead. Pediatrics 2004, 113:1016-1022.
4. Blacksmith Institute, 2011. Project Completion Report: Nigeria Lead Poisoning Crisis http://www.blacksmithinstitute.org/nigerian-lead-poisoning-crisisblacksmith-report.html.
5. Bradman A., Eskenazi B., Sutton P., Athanasoulis M., Goldman L.R. Iron deficiency associated with higher blood lead in children living in contaminated environments. Environ. Health Perspect. 2001, 109:1079-1084.
6. Calabrese E.J., Stanek E.J., James R.C., Roberts S.M. Soil ingestion: a concern for acute toxicity in children. Environ. Health Perspect. 1997, 105:1354-1358.
7. Canfield R.L., Henderson C.R., Cory-Slechta D.A., Cox C., Jusko T.A., Lanphear B.P. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10μg per deciliter. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003, 348:1517-1526.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2002. Managing elevated blood lead levels among young children: recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2009. Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport.pdf.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2012. Low level lead exposure harms children: a renewed call for primary prevention. Report of the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, Ga http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/final_document_030712.pdf.
11. Dooyema C.A., Neri A., Lo Y.C., Durant J., Dargan P.I., Swarthout T., et al. Outbreak of fatal childhood lead poisoning related to artisanal gold mining in northwestern Nigeria, 2010. Environ. Health Perspect. 2012, 120:601-607.
12. Ikenaka Y., Nakayama S.M.M., Muroya T., Yabe J., Konnai S., Darwish W.S., et al. Effects of environmental lead contamination on cattle in a lead/zinc mining area: changes in cattle immune systems on exposure to lead in vivo and in vitro. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012, 31:2300-2305.
13. Jusko T.A., Henderson C.R., Lanphear B.P., Cory-Slechta D.A., Parsons P.J., Canfield R.L. Blood lead concentrations <10μg/dL and child intelligence at 6years of age. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116:243-248.
14. Koller K., Brown T., Spurgeon A., Levy L. Recent developments in low-level lead exposure and intellectual impairment in children. Environ. Health Perspect. 2004, 112:987-994.
15. Lanphear B.P., Roghmann K.J. Pathways of lead exposure in urban children. Environ. Res. 1997, 74:67-73.
16. Lanphear B.P., Hornung R., Ho M., Howard C.R., Eberly S., Knauf K. Environmental lead exposure during early childhood. J. Pediatr. 2002, 140:40-47.
17. Lidsky T.L., Schneider J.S. Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Brain 2003, 126:5-19.
18. Lin S., Wang X., Tak Sun Yu I., Tang W., Miao J., Li J., et al. Environmental lead pollution and elevated blood lead levels among children in a rural area of China. Am. J. Public Health 2011, 101:834-841.
19. Lo Y.C., Dooyema C.A., Neri A., Durant J., Jefferies T., Medina-Marino A., et al. Childhood lead poisoning associated with gold ore processing: a village-level investigation - Zamfara State, Nigeria, October-November 2010. Environ. Health Perspect. 2012, 120:1450-1455.
20. Lockitch G. Perspectives on lead toxicity. Clin. Biochem. 1993, 26:371-381.
21. Manton W.I., Angle C.R., Stanek K.L., Reese Y.R., Kuehnemann T.J. Acquisition and retention of lead by young children. Environ. Res. 2000, 82:60-80.
22. Mathee A., Rollin H., Levin J., Naik I. Lead in paint: three decades later and still a hazard for African children?. Environ. Health Perspect. 2007, 115:321-322.
23. Mielke H.W., Reagan P.L. Soil is an important pathway of human lead exposure. Environ. Health Perspect. 1998, 106(Suppl. 1):217-229.
24. Nakayama S.M.M., Ikenaka Y., Hamada K., Muzandu K., Choongo K., Teraoka H., et al. Metal and metalloid contamination in roadside soil and wild rats around a Pb-Zn mine in Kabwe, Zambia. Environ. Pollut. 2011, 159:175-181.
25. Nakayama S.M.M., Ikenaka Y., Hamada K., Muzandu K., Choongo K., Yabe J., et al. Accumulation and biological effects of metals in wild rats in mining areas of Zambia. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2013, 185:4907-4918.
26. Needleman H.L., Schell A., Bellinger D., Leviton A., Allred E. The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood: an 11-year follow-up report. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 322:83-88.
27. Needleman H. Lead poisoning. Annu. Rev. Med. 2004, 55:209-222.
28. Nriagu J.O., Blankson M.L., Ocran K. Childhood lead poisoning in Africa: a growing public health problem. Sci. Total Environ. 1996, 181:93-100.
29. Schweitzer L., Cornett C. Determination of heavy metals in whole blood using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a comparison of microwave and dilution techniques. The Big M 2008, 4:75-83.
30. Stanek E.J., Calabrese E.J. Daily estimates of soil ingestion in children. Environ. Health Perspect. 1995, 103:276-285.
31. Taylor A., Angerer J., Arnaud J., Claeys F., Kristiansen J., Mazarrasa O., et al. Differences in national legislation for the implementation of lead regulations included in the European directive for the protection of the health and safety of workers with occupational exposure to chemical agents (98/24/EC). Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 2007, 80:254-264.
32. Tembo B.D., Sichilongo K., Cernak J. Distribution of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc concentrations in soils around Kabwe town in Zambia. Chemosphere 2006, 63:497-501.
33. The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2001. Risks to Health and the Environment Related to the Use of Lead in Products. Report STB-01-39; TNO-MEP, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands.
34. Tong S., Von Schirnding Y.E., Prapamontol T. Environmental lead exposure: a public health problem of global dimensions. Bull. World Health Org. 2000, 78:1068-1077.
35. Tuakuila J., Lison D., Mbuyi F., Haufroid V., Hoet P. Elevated blood lead levels and sources of exposure in the population of Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epid. 2013, 23:81-87.
36. Wilhelm M., Schulz D., Schwenk M. Revised and new reference values for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in blood or urine of children: basis for validation of human biomonitoring data in environmental medicine. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2006, 209:301-305.
37. World Health Organization B. Toxicology Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants (WHO Food Additives Series, No. 21) 1987, Cambridge University Press, pp. 223-255.
38. Yabe J., Nakayama S.M.M., Ikenaka Y., Muzandu K., Ishizuka M., Umemura T. Uptake of lead, cadmium, and other metals in the liver and kidneys of cattle near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011, 30:1892-1897.
39. Yabe J., Nakayama S.M.M., Ikenaka Y., Muzandu K., Choongo K., Mainda G., et al. Metal distribution in tissues of free-range chickens near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013, 32:189-192.
40. Ziegler E.E., Edwards B.B., Jensen R.L., Mahaffey K.R., Fomon S.J. Absorption and retention of lead by infants. Pediatr. Res. 1978, 12:29-34.