메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 243-248

Blood lead concentration <10 μg/dL and child intelligence at 6 years of age

Author keywords

Cohort; Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry; GAM; HOME; IQ; LOESS; Rochester; WPPSI R

Indexed keywords

LEAD;

EID: 40549084017     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10424     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (437)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0026744045 scopus 로고
    • Environmental exposure to lead and children's intelligence at the age of seven years. The Port Pirie Cohort Study
    • Baghurst PA, McMichael AJ, Wigg NR, Vimpani GV, Robertson EF, Roberts RJ, et al. 1992. Environmental exposure to lead and children's intelligence at the age of seven years. The Port Pirie Cohort Study. N Engl J Med 327(18):1279-1284.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , Issue.18 , pp. 1279-1284
    • Baghurst, P.A.1    McMichael, A.J.2    Wigg, N.R.3    Vimpani, G.V.4    Robertson, E.F.5    Roberts, R.J.6
  • 4
    • 4344629161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing environmental neurotoxicant exposures and child neurobehavior: Confounded by confounding?
    • Bellinger DC. 2004a. Assessing environmental neurotoxicant exposures and child neurobehavior: confounded by confounding? Epidemiology 15(4):383-384.
    • (2004) Epidemiology , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 383-384
    • Bellinger, D.C.1
  • 5
    • 3042646494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is an adverse effect? A possible resolution of clinical and epidemiological perspectives on neurobehavioral toxicity
    • Bellinger DC. 2004b. What is an adverse effect? A possible resolution of clinical and epidemiological perspectives on neurobehavioral toxicity. Environ Res 95(3):394-405.
    • (2004) Environ Res , vol.95 , Issue.3 , pp. 394-405
    • Bellinger, D.C.1
  • 6
    • 0041842629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual impairment and blood lead levels
    • Bellinger DC, Needleman HL. 2003. Intellectual impairment and blood lead levels. N Engl J Med 349(5):500-502.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , Issue.5 , pp. 500-502
    • Bellinger, D.C.1    Needleman, H.L.2
  • 7
    • 0348111441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of blood lead levels ≥ 5 micro g/dL among US children 1 to 5 years of age and socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with blood of lead levels 5 to 10 micro g/ dL, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Bernard SM, McGeehin MA. 2003. Prevalence of blood lead levels ≥ 5 micro g/dL among US children 1 to 5 years of age and socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with blood of lead levels 5 to 10 micro g/ dL, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Pediatrics 112(6 Pt 1):1308-1313.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , Issue.6 PART 1 , pp. 1308-1313
    • Bernard, S.M.1    McGeehin, M.A.2
  • 8
    • 0035512449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The home environments of children in the United States part II: Relations with behavioral development through age thirteen
    • Bradley RH, Convyn RF, Burchinal M, McAdoo HP, Coll CG. 2001. The home environments of children in the United States part II: relations with behavioral development through age thirteen. Child Dev 72(6):1868-1886.
    • (2001) Child Dev , vol.72 , Issue.6 , pp. 1868-1886
    • Bradley, R.H.1    Convyn, R.F.2    Burchinal, M.3    McAdoo, H.P.4    Coll, C.G.5
  • 9
    • 0032815314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Policy on the use of non-doctoral level personnel in conducting clinical neuropsychological evaluations
    • Brandt J, van Gorp W. 1999. American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Policy on the use of non-doctoral level personnel in conducting clinical neuropsychological evaluations. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 21:1.
    • (1999) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.21 , pp. 1
    • Brandt, J.1    van Gorp, W.2
  • 11
    • 3943069731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired neuropsychological functioning in lead-exposed children
    • Canfield RL, Gendle MH, Cory-Slechta DA. 2004. Impaired neuropsychological functioning in lead-exposed children. Dev Neuropsychol 26(1):513-540.
    • (2004) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 513-540
    • Canfield, R.L.1    Gendle, M.H.2    Cory-Slechta, D.A.3
  • 13
    • 0038676528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-level lead exposure, executive functioning, and learning in early childhood
    • Canfield RL, Kreher DA, Cornwell C, Henderson CR, Jr. 2003b. Low-level lead exposure, executive functioning, and learning in early childhood. Child Neuropsychol 9(1):35-53.
    • (2003) Child Neuropsychol , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-53
    • Canfield, R.L.1    Kreher, D.A.2    Cornwell, C.3    Henderson Jr., C.R.4
  • 14
    • 40549115173 scopus 로고
    • Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children: A Statement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available:, accessed 20 December 2007
    • CDC. 1991. Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children: A Statement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 4th Revision. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/contents.htm [accessed 20 December 2007].
    • (1991) 4th Revision
  • 15
    • 18944362483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood lead levels - United States, 1999-2002
    • CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2005a. Blood lead levels - United States, 1999-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 54(20):513-516.
    • (2005) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.54 , Issue.20 , pp. 513-516
  • 16
    • 57549100083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children: A Statement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available:, accessed 20 December 2007
    • CDC. 2005b. Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children: A Statement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 5th Revision. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/PrevLeadPoisoning.pdf [accessed 20 December 2007].
    • (2005) 5th Revision
  • 17
    • 40549134833 scopus 로고
    • Center for Human Resource Research, Columbus, OH:Center for Human Resource Research, Ohio State University
    • Center for Human Resource Research. 1992. NLS User's Guide: 1993. Columbus, OH:Center for Human Resource Research, Ohio State University.
    • (1992) NLS User's Guide
  • 18
    • 1842522900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodevelopmental effects of postnatal lead exposure at very low levels
    • Chiodo LM, Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL. 2004. Neurodevelopmental effects of postnatal lead exposure at very low levels. Neurotoxicol Teratol 26(3):359-371.
    • (2004) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 359-371
    • Chiodo, L.M.1    Jacobson, S.W.2    Jacobson, J.L.3
  • 19
    • 0027411142 scopus 로고
    • The developmental consequences of low to moderate prenatal and postnatal lead exposure: Intellectual attainment in the Cincinnati Lead Study Cohort following school entry
    • Dietrich KN, Berger OG, Succop PA, Hammond PB, Bornschein RL. 1993. The developmental consequences of low to moderate prenatal and postnatal lead exposure: intellectual attainment in the Cincinnati Lead Study Cohort following school entry. Neurotoxicol Teratol 15(1):37-44.
    • (1993) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-44
    • Dietrich, K.N.1    Berger, O.G.2    Succop, P.A.3    Hammond, P.B.4    Bornschein, R.L.5
  • 20
    • 0026087344 scopus 로고
    • Lead exposure and the cognitive development of urban preschool children: The Cincinnati Lead Study cohort at age 4 years
    • Dietrich KN, Succop PA, Berger OG, Hammond PB, Bornschein RL. 1991. Lead exposure and the cognitive development of urban preschool children: the Cincinnati Lead Study cohort at age 4 years. Neurotoxicol Teratol 13(2):203-211.
    • (1991) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-211
    • Dietrich, K.N.1    Succop, P.A.2    Berger, O.G.3    Hammond, P.B.4    Bornschein, R.L.5
  • 21
    • 0026519983 scopus 로고
    • Lead exposure and the central auditory processing abilities and cognitive development of urban children: The Cincinnati Lead Study cohort at age 5 years
    • Dietrich KN, Succop PA, Berger OG, Keith RW. 1992. Lead exposure and the central auditory processing abilities and cognitive development of urban children: the Cincinnati Lead Study cohort at age 5 years. Neurotoxicol Teratol 14(1):51-56.
    • (1992) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-56
    • Dietrich, K.N.1    Succop, P.A.2    Berger, O.G.3    Keith, R.W.4
  • 23
    • 33747155558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rationale for lowering the blood lead action level from 10 to 2 microg/dL
    • Gilbert SG, Weiss B. 2006. A rationale for lowering the blood lead action level from 10 to 2 microg/dL. Neurotoxicology 27(5):693-701.
    • (2006) Neurotoxicology , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 693-701
    • Gilbert, S.G.1    Weiss, B.2
  • 25
    • 0034446539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations < 10 microg/dL in US children and adolescents
    • Lanphear BP, Dietrich K, Auinger P, Cox C. 2000. Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations < 10 microg/dL in US children and adolescents. Public Health Rep 115(6):521-529.
    • (2000) Public Health Rep , vol.115 , Issue.6 , pp. 521-529
    • Lanphear, B.P.1    Dietrich, K.2    Auinger, P.3    Cox, C.4
  • 26
    • 22144464444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: An international pooled analysis
    • Lanphear BP, Hornung R, Khoury J, Yolton K, Baghurst P, Bellinger DC, et al. 2005. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: an international pooled analysis. Environ Health Perspect 113:894-899.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , pp. 894-899
    • Lanphear, B.P.1    Hornung, R.2    Khoury, J.3    Yolton, K.4    Baghurst, P.5    Bellinger, D.C.6
  • 27
    • 0033059308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of childhood lead exposure: A randomized trial of dust control
    • Lanphear BP, Howard C, Eberly S, Auinger P, Kolassa J, Weitzman M, et al. 1999. Primary prevention of childhood lead exposure: a randomized trial of dust control. Pediatrics 103:772-777.
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.103 , pp. 772-777
    • Lanphear, B.P.1    Howard, C.2    Eberly, S.3    Auinger, P.4    Kolassa, J.5    Weitzman, M.6
  • 28
    • 0023678962 scopus 로고
    • Port Pirie Cohort Study: Environmental exposure to lead and children's abilities at the age of four years
    • McMichael AJ, Baghurst PA, Wigg NR, Vimpani GV, Robertson EF, Roberts RJ. 1988. Port Pirie Cohort Study: environmental exposure to lead and children's abilities at the age of four years. N Engl J Med 319(8):468-475.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , Issue.8 , pp. 468-475
    • McMichael, A.J.1    Baghurst, P.A.2    Wigg, N.R.3    Vimpani, G.V.4    Robertson, E.F.5    Roberts, R.J.6
  • 29
    • 84943668444 scopus 로고
    • Low-level lead exposure and the IQ of children. A meta-analysis of modern studies
    • Needleman HL, Gatsonis CA. 1990. Low-level lead exposure and the IQ of children. A meta-analysis of modern studies. JAMA 263(5):673-678.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , Issue.5 , pp. 673-678
    • Needleman, H.L.1    Gatsonis, C.A.2
  • 31
    • 33750286237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palmer CD, Lewis JME, Geraghty CM, Barbosa JF, Parsons PJ. 2006. Determination of lead, cadmium and mercury in blood for assessment of environmental exposure. a comparison between inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta Part 6 At Spectrosc 61(8):980-990.
    • Palmer CD, Lewis JME, Geraghty CM, Barbosa JF, Parsons PJ. 2006. Determination of lead, cadmium and mercury in blood for assessment of environmental exposure. a comparison between inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta Part 6 At Spectrosc 61(8):980-990.
  • 32
    • 0035975498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of contemporary atomic spectroscopic techniques for the determination of lead in blood and urine matrices. Spectrochim Acta Part B
    • Parsons PJ, Geraghty C, Verostek MF. 2001. An assessment of contemporary atomic spectroscopic techniques for the determination of lead in blood and urine matrices. Spectrochim Acta Part B At Spectrosc 56:1593-1604.
    • (2001) At Spectrosc , vol.56 , pp. 1593-1604
    • Parsons, P.J.1    Geraghty, C.2    Verostek, M.F.3
  • 33
    • 0027592017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farsons PJ, Slavin W. 1993. A rapid Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of lead in blood. Spectrochim Acta Part B At Spectrosc 48(6-7):925-939.
    • Farsons PJ, Slavin W. 1993. A rapid Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of lead in blood. Spectrochim Acta Part B At Spectrosc 48(6-7):925-939.
  • 34
    • 0028171514 scopus 로고
    • Environmental lead and children's intelligence: A systematic review of the epidemiological evidence
    • Pocock SJ, Smith M, Baghurst P. 1994. Environmental lead and children's intelligence: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. BMJ 309(6963):1189-1197.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , Issue.6963 , pp. 1189-1197
    • Pocock, S.J.1    Smith, M.2    Baghurst, P.3
  • 37
    • 0028214958 scopus 로고
    • Low-level lead exposure and children's IQ: A meta-analysis and search for a threshold
    • Schwartz J, 1994. Low-level lead exposure and children's IQ: a meta-analysis and search for a threshold. Environ Res 65(1):42-55.
    • (1994) Environ Res , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 42-55
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 38
    • 0027497905 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological correlates of low-level lead exposure in school-age children: A prospective study
    • Stiles KM, Bellinger DC. 1993. Neuropsychological correlates of low-level lead exposure in school-age children: a prospective study. Neurotoxicol Teratol 15(1):27-35.
    • (1993) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-35
    • Stiles, K.M.1    Bellinger, D.C.2
  • 40
    • 33748430530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal associations between blood lead concentrations lower than 10 microg/dL and neurobehavioral development in environmentally exposed children in Mexico City
    • Tellez-Rojo MM, Bellinger DC, Arroyo-Quiroz C, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Mercado-Garcia A, Schnaas-Arrieta L, et al. 2006. Longitudinal associations between blood lead concentrations lower than 10 microg/dL and neurobehavioral development in environmentally exposed children in Mexico City. Pediatrics 118(2):e323-e330.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118 , Issue.2
    • Tellez-Rojo, M.M.1    Bellinger, D.C.2    Arroyo-Quiroz, C.3    Lamadrid-Figueroa, H.4    Mercado-Garcia, A.5    Schnaas-Arrieta, L.6
  • 41
    • 40549139329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thorndike RL, Hagen EP, Sattler JM. 1086. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: 4th ed. Technical Manual. Chicago, IL:Riverside Publishing Company.
    • Thorndike RL, Hagen EP, Sattler JM. 1086. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: 4th ed. Technical Manual. Chicago, IL:Riverside Publishing Company.
  • 42
    • 0029971110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime exposure to environmental lead and children's intelligence at 11-13 years: The Port Pirie cohort study
    • Tong S, Baghurst P, McMichael A, Sawyer M, Mudge J. 1996. Lifetime exposure to environmental lead and children's intelligence at 11-13 years: the Port Pirie cohort study. BMJ 312(7046):1569-1575.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , Issue.7046 , pp. 1569-1575
    • Tong, S.1    Baghurst, P.2    McMichael, A.3    Sawyer, M.4    Mudge, J.5
  • 44
    • 0033674438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wasserman GA, Liu X, Popovac D, Factor-Litvak P, Kline J, Waternaux C, et al. 2090. The Yugoslavia Prospective Lead Study: contributions of prenatal and postnatal lead exposure to early intelligence. Neurotoxicol Teratol 22(6):811-818.
    • Wasserman GA, Liu X, Popovac D, Factor-Litvak P, Kline J, Waternaux C, et al. 2090. The Yugoslavia Prospective Lead Study: contributions of prenatal and postnatal lead exposure to early intelligence. Neurotoxicol Teratol 22(6):811-818.
  • 46
    • 40549084526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weitzman ML, Matte T, Homa D, Sanford J, Pate A, Schwartz J, et al. 2004. A Review of Evidence of Adverse Health Effects Associated with Blood Lead Levels <10 μg/dL in Children. Work Group of the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ACCLPP/meetingMinutes/lessThan10MtgMAR04.pdf [accessed 4 October 2004].
    • Weitzman ML, Matte T, Homa D, Sanford J, Pate A, Schwartz J, et al. 2004. A Review of Evidence of Adverse Health Effects Associated with Blood Lead Levels <10 μg/dL in Children. Work Group of the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ACCLPP/meetingMinutes/lessThan10MtgMAR04.pdf [accessed 4 October 2004].
  • 47
    • 0001658964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exceptionally high intelligence and schooling
    • Winner E. 1997. Exceptionally high intelligence and schooling. Am Psychologist 52(10):1070-1081.
    • (1997) Am Psychologist , vol.52 , Issue.10 , pp. 1070-1081
    • Winner, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.