Acquisition and retention of lead by young children

Environmental Research

Volumn 82, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 60-80

  Manton, W I ^a   Angle, C R ^b   Stanek, K L ^c   Reese, Y R ^a   Kuehnemann, T J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA AT OMAHA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEAD;

ARTICLE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HOME; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; INFANT; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LEAD POISONING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOISOTOPE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED STATES; URINALYSIS;

EID: 0033951804     PISSN: 00139351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/enrs.1999.4003     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Alexander, F. W., Clayton, B. E., and Delves, H. T. (1974). Mineral and trace metal balances in children receiving normal and synthetic diets. Q. J. Med. 43, 89-111.
2. Angle, C. R., and McIntire, M. S. (1979). Environmental lead and children: The Omaha study. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 5, 855-870.
3. Angle, C. R., Manton, W. I., and Stanek, K. L. (1995). Stable isotope identification of lead sources in preschool children. Clin. Toxicol. 33, 657-662.
4. Aschengrau, A., Beiser, A., Bellinger, D., et al. (1994). The impact of soil lead abatement on urban children's blood lead levels: Phase II results from the Boston Lead-in-Soil demonstration project. Environ. Res. 67, 125-148.
5. Bolger, P. M., Carrington, C. D., Capar, S. G., and Adams, M. A. (1991). Reductions in dietary lead exposure in the United States. Chem. Speciation Bioavail. 3, 31-36.
6. Bornschein, R. L., Succop, P. A., and Kraft, K. M. (1987). Exterior surface dust lead, interior house dust lead and childhood lead exposure in an urban environment. In "Trace Substances in Environmental Health-XX: Proceedings of University of Missouri's 20th Annual Conference, June 1986" (D. D. Hemphill, Ed.), pp. 322-332. Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
7. Brody, D. J., Pirkle, J. L., Kramer, R. A., et al. (1994). Blood lead levels in the US population. Phase 1 of the third national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1991). JAMA 272, 277-283.
8. Centers for Disease Control (1991). "Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children: A Statement by the Centers for Disease Control." US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA.
9. Chamberlain, A. C., Heard, M. J., Little, P., et al. (1978). "Investigations into Lead from Motor Vehicles." United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. Publication AERE-R 9198.
10. Charney, E., Sayre, J., and Coulter, M. (1980). Increased lead absorption in inner city children: Where does the lead come from? Pediatrics 65, 226-231.
11. Chisholm, J. J. (1980). Lead and other metals: A hypothesis of interaction. In "Lead Toxicity" (L. Singhal and J. A. Thomas, Eds.), pp. 461-482. Urban & Schwartzenberg, Baltimore-Munich.
12. Chow, T. J., and Earl, J. L. (1970). Lead aerosols in the atmosphere: Increasing concentrations. Science 169, 577-580.
13. Clark, S., Bornschein, R., Succop, P., et al. (1985). Condition and type of housing as an indicator of potential environmental lead exposure and pediatric blood lead levels. Environ. Res. 38, 46-53.
14. Clark, S., Bornschein, R., Succop, P. et al. (1991). Urban lead exposures of children in Cincinnati, Ohio. Chem. Speciation Bioavail. 3, 163-171.
15. Davies, D. J. A., Thornton, I., Watt, J. M., et al. (1990). Lead intake and blood lead in two-year-old U.K. children, Sci. Total Environ. 90, 13-29.
16. Finley, B. L., Scott, P. K., and Mayhall, D. A. (1994). Development of a standard soil-to-skin adherence probability density function for use in Monte Carlo analyses of dermal exposure. Risk Analysis 14, 555-569.
17. Goyer, R. A. (1997). Toxic and essential metal interactions. Annu. Rev. Nutrition 17, 37-50.
18. Gulson, B. L., Mahaffey, K. R., Mizon, M. J., et al. (1995). Contribution of tissue lead to blood lead in adult female subjects based on stable lead isotope methods. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 125, 703-712.
19. Gulson, B. L., Cameron, M. A., Smith, A. J., et al. (1998a). Blood lead-urine lead relationships in adults and children. Environ. Res. 78, 152-160.
20. Gulson, B. L., Jameson, C. W., Mahaffey, K. R., et al. (1998b). Relationships of lead in breast milk to lead in blood, urine, and diet of the infant and mother. Environ. Health Perspect. 106, 667-674.
21. Hernandez-Avila, M., Smith, D., Meneses, F., Sanin, L. H., and Hu, H. (1998). The influence of bone and blood lead on plasma lead levels in environmentally exposed adults. Environ. Health Perspect. 106, 473-477.
22. Jaeger, R. L., Weiss, A. L., and Manton, W. I. (1998). Isotope ratio analysis in residential lead-based paint and associated surficial dust. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 36, 691-703.
23. James, H. M., Hilburn, M. E., and Blair, J. A. (1985). Effects of meals and meal times on uptake of lead from the gastrointestinal tract in humans. Human Toxicol. 4, 401-407.
24. Kimbrough, R., LeVois, M., and Webb, D. (1995). Survey of lead exposure around a closed lead smelter. Pediatrics 95, 550-554.
25. Landrigan, P. J., Gehlbach, S. H., Rosenblum, B. F., et al. (1975). Epidemic lead absorption near an ore smelter: The role of particulate lead. N. Eng. J. Med. 292, 123-129.
26. Lanphear, B. P., and Roghmann, K. J. (1997). Pathways of lead exposure in urban children. Environ. Res. 68, 114-123.
27. Lanphear, B. P., Emond, M., Jacobs, D. E., et al. (1995). A side-by-side comparison of dust collection methods for sampling lead-contaminated house dust. Environ. Res. 74, 67-73.
28. Lanphear, B. P., Weitzman, M., Winter, N. L., et al. (1996). Lead-contaminated house dust and urban children's blood lead levels. Am. J. Public Health 86, 1416-1421.
29. Lanphear, B. P., Burgoon, D. A., Rust, S. W., et al. (1998a). Environmental exposures to lead dust and urban children's blood lead levels. Environ. Res. 76, 120-130.
30. Lanphear, B. P., Matte, T. D., Rogers, J., et al. (1998b). The contribution of lead-contaminated house dust and residential soil to children's blood lead levels. A pooled analysis of 12 epidemiological studies. Environ. Res. 79, 51-68.
31. Leggett, R. W. (1993). An age-specific model of lead metabolism in humans. Environ. Health Perspect. 101, 598-616.
32. Lin-Fu, J. S. (1972). Undue absorption of lead among children - A new look at an old problem. N. Eng. J. Med. 286, 702-710.
33. Lin-Fu, J. S. (1973). Vulnerability of children to lead exposure and toxicity. N. Eng. J. Med. 289, 1229-1233, 1289-1293.
34. Mahaffey, K. S. (1980). Nutrient-lead interactions. In "Lead Toxicity" (L. Singhal and J. A. Thomas, Eds.), pp. 425-460. Urban & Schwartzenberg, Baltimore-Munich.
35. Manton, W. I. (1977). Sources of lead in blood: Identification by stable isotopes. Arch. Environ. Health 32, 149-159.
36. Manton, W. I., and Cook, J. D. (1984). High accuracy (stable isotope dilution) measurements of lead in serum and cerebro-spinal fluid. Br. J. Ind. Med. 41, 313-319.
37. Manton, W. I. (1985). Total contribution of airborne lead to blood lead. Br. J. Ind. Med. 42, 168-172.
38. Nutrition Coordinating Center (1991). "Minnesota Nutrient Data System." Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
39. O'Flaherty, E. J. (1993). Physiologically based models for bone-seeking elements IV. Kinetics of lead disposition in humans. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 118, 16-29.
40. O'Flaherty, E. J. (1995). Physiologically based models for bone-seeking elements V. Lead absorption and disposition in childhood. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 131, 297-308.
41. Public Health Service (1965). "Survey of Lead in the Atmosphere of Three Urban Communities." U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Public Health Service Publication No. 999-AP-12.
42. Rabinowitz, M. B. (1995). Stable isotopes of lead for source identification. Clin. Toxicol. 33, 649-655.
43. Rabinowitz, M., Wetherill, G. W., and Kopple, J. D. (1976). Kinetic analysis of lead in healthy humans. J. Clin. Invest. 58, 260-270.
44. Ryu, J. E., Ziegler, E. E., Nelson, S. E., and Foman, S. J. (1983). Dietary intake of lead and blood lead concentration in early infancy. Am. J. Dis. Child. 137, 886-891.
45. Sayre, J. W., Charney, E., Vostal, J., and Pless, I. B. (1974). House and hand dust as a potential source of childhood lead exposure. Am. J. Dis. Child. 127, 167-170.
46. Smith, D. R., Osterloh, J. D., and Flegal, A. R. (1996). Use of endogenous, stable lead isotopes to determine the release of lead from the skeleton. Environ. Health Perspect. 104, 60-66.
47. Stanek, K., Manton, W. I., Angle, C. R., et al. (1998). Lead consumption of 18- to 36-month-old children as determined from duplicate diet collections: Nutrient intakes, blood lead levels, and effects on growth. J. Am. Dietetic Assoc. 98, 155-158.
48. State of Minnesota Department of Health (1990). "Proposed Permanent Rules Relating to Lead Abatement. Part 4761.0400, Subparts 5 and 7: Determination of Lead in Soil," Soil Testing and Research Analytical Laboratory, Department of Soil Science/Agricultural Experiment Station, Univ. of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN.
49. Tepper, L.B., and Levin, L. S. (1975). A survey of air and population lead levels in selected American communities. In "Lead" (T. B. Griffin and J. H. Knelson, Eds.), pp. 152-196. Academic Press, New York.
50. Viteri, F. E., and Alvarado, J. (1970). The creatinine height index: Its use in the estimation of the degree of protein depletion and repletion in protein calorie malnourished children. Pediatrics 46, 696-706.
51. Warlaw, G. (1999). "Perspectives in Nutrition," 4th ed. WCB/ McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA.
52. Weitzman, M., Aschengrau, A., Bellinger, D., et al. (1993). Lead-contaminated soil abatement and urban children's blood lead levels. JAMA 269, 1647-1654.
53. Ziegler, E. E., Edwards, B. B., Jensen, R. L., et al. (1978). Absorption and retention of lead by infants. Pediatr. Res. 12, 29-34.