메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 25-35

Oxygenation, oxygen delivery and anaesthesia in the horse

Author keywords

Anaesthesia; Horse; Hypoxaemia; Oxygen delivery; Oxygenation; Pulmonary

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; EQUIDAE;

EID: 84919696402     PISSN: 04251644     EISSN: 20423306     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/evj.12258     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (46)

References (138)
  • 1
    • 0038181294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of phases 1 and 2
    • Johnston, G.M., Eastment, J.K., Wood, J.L.N. and Taylor, P.M. (2002) The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of phases 1 and 2. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 29, 159-170.
    • (2002) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.29 , pp. 159-170
    • Johnston, G.M.1    Eastment, J.K.2    Wood, J.L.N.3    Taylor, P.M.4
  • 2
    • 69949095260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative mortality in small animal anesthesia
    • Brodbelt, D. (2009) Perioperative mortality in small animal anesthesia. Vet. J. 182, 152-161.
    • (2009) Vet. J. , vol.182 , pp. 152-161
    • Brodbelt, D.1
  • 3
    • 0033215546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of arterial oxygen tension in anesthetized horses: 1610 cases (1992-1994)
    • Whitehair, K.J. and Willits, N.H. (1999) Predictors of arterial oxygen tension in anesthetized horses: 1610 cases (1992-1994). J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 215, 978-981.
    • (1999) J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. , vol.215 , pp. 978-981
    • Whitehair, K.J.1    Willits, N.H.2
  • 4
    • 0023671651 scopus 로고
    • Retrospective assessment of dobutamine therapy for hypotension in anesthetized horses
    • Donaldson, L.L. (1988) Retrospective assessment of dobutamine therapy for hypotension in anesthetized horses. Vet. Surg. 17, 53-57.
    • (1988) Vet. Surg. , vol.17 , pp. 53-57
    • Donaldson, L.L.1
  • 5
    • 0031963173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiorespiratory effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane anesthesia in horses
    • Grosenbaugh, D.A. and Muir, W.W. (1998) Cardiorespiratory effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane anesthesia in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 59, 101-106.
    • (1998) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.59 , pp. 101-106
    • Grosenbaugh, D.A.1    Muir, W.W.2
  • 6
    • 0020591969 scopus 로고
    • Comparative subgross anatomy of lungs. Pleuras, interlobular septa, and distal airways
    • Tyler, W.S. (1983) Comparative subgross anatomy of lungs. Pleuras, interlobular septa, and distal airways. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 128, S32-S36.
    • (1983) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.128 , pp. S32-S36
    • Tyler, W.S.1
  • 8
    • 0017804247 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of airway obstruction in horses: a review
    • Robinson, N.E. and Sorenson, B.S. (1978) Pathophysiology of airway obstruction in horses: a review. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 172, 299-303.
    • (1978) J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. , vol.172 , pp. 299-303
    • Robinson, N.E.1    Sorenson, B.S.2
  • 9
    • 21644490056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts of >15μm in diameter probably do not contribute to arterial hypoxemia in maximally exercising Thoroughbred horses
    • Manohar, M. and Goetz, T.E. (2005) Intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts of >15μm in diameter probably do not contribute to arterial hypoxemia in maximally exercising Thoroughbred horses. J. Appl. Physiol. 99, 224-229.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.99 , pp. 224-229
    • Manohar, M.1    Goetz, T.E.2
  • 10
    • 84882529027 scopus 로고
    • The muscles of the thorax
    • Eds: S. Sisson and J.D. Grossman, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and London, UK.
    • Sisson, S. and Grossman, J.D. (1953) The muscles of the thorax. In: The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, Eds: S. Sisson and J.D. Grossman, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and London, UK. p 287.
    • (1953) The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals , pp. 287
    • Sisson, S.1    Grossman, J.D.2
  • 11
    • 0023915917 scopus 로고
    • Breathing strategy of the adult horse (Equus caballus) at rest
    • Koterba, A.M., Kosch, P.C., Beech, J. and Whitlock, T. (1988) Breathing strategy of the adult horse (Equus caballus) at rest. J. Appl. Physiol. 64, 337-346.
    • (1988) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.64 , pp. 337-346
    • Koterba, A.M.1    Kosch, P.C.2    Beech, J.3    Whitlock, T.4
  • 12
    • 84890868582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of ventilation- how gas exchange is regulated
    • 8th edn., Ed: J.B. West, Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
    • West, J.B. (2008) Control of ventilation- how gas exchange is regulated. In: Respiratory Physiology, the Essentials, 8th edn., Ed: J.B. West, Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. pp 123-137.
    • (2008) Respiratory Physiology, the Essentials , pp. 123-137
    • West, J.B.1
  • 13
    • 0016442043 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory alterations in normal horses in response to changes in inspired oxygen and carbon dioxide
    • Muir, W.W., Moore, C.A. and Hamlin, R.L. (1975) Ventilatory alterations in normal horses in response to changes in inspired oxygen and carbon dioxide. Am. J. Vet. Res. 36, 155-159.
    • (1975) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 155-159
    • Muir, W.W.1    Moore, C.A.2    Hamlin, R.L.3
  • 15
    • 0036090040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic basis for the gas exchange threshold in Thoroughbred horses
    • McDonogh, P., Kindig, C.A., Erickson, H.H. and Poole, D.C. (2002) Mechanistic basis for the gas exchange threshold in Thoroughbred horses. J. Appl. Physiol. 92, 1499-1505.
    • (2002) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.92 , pp. 1499-1505
    • McDonogh, P.1    Kindig, C.A.2    Erickson, H.H.3    Poole, D.C.4
  • 16
    • 0028817543 scopus 로고
    • Ventilation and carbon dioxide exchange in exercising horses: effect of inspired oxygen fraction
    • Pelletier, N. and Leith, D.E. (1995) Ventilation and carbon dioxide exchange in exercising horses: effect of inspired oxygen fraction. J. Appl. Physiol. 78, 654-662.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.78 , pp. 654-662
    • Pelletier, N.1    Leith, D.E.2
  • 17
    • 0028247021 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ventilatory responses to sustained reduction in arterial oxygen tension vs. content in awake ponies
    • Lowry, T.F., Forster, H.V., Korducki, M.J., Forster, A.L. and Forster, M.A. (1994) Comparison of ventilatory responses to sustained reduction in arterial oxygen tension vs. content in awake ponies. J. Appl. Physiol. 76, 2147-2153.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.76 , pp. 2147-2153
    • Lowry, T.F.1    Forster, H.V.2    Korducki, M.J.3    Forster, A.L.4    Forster, M.A.5
  • 18
    • 0021472707 scopus 로고
    • Topographic distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in the horse
    • Amis, T.C., Pascoe, J.R. and Hornof, W. (1984) Topographic distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in the horse. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45, 1597-1601.
    • (1984) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.45 , pp. 1597-1601
    • Amis, T.C.1    Pascoe, J.R.2    Hornof, W.3
  • 20
    • 0023452731 scopus 로고
    • Ventilation-perfusion relationships in the standing horse: an inert gas elimination study
    • Hedenstierna, G., Nyman, G., Kvart, C. and Funkquist, B. (1987) Ventilation-perfusion relationships in the standing horse: an inert gas elimination study. Equine Vet. J. 19, 514-519.
    • (1987) Equine Vet. J. , vol.19 , pp. 514-519
    • Hedenstierna, G.1    Nyman, G.2    Kvart, C.3    Funkquist, B.4
  • 22
    • 0019364473 scopus 로고
    • Regional pulmonary perfusion in horses: a comparison between anaesthetized and conscious standing animals
    • Staddon, G.E. and Weaver, B.M. (1981) Regional pulmonary perfusion in horses: a comparison between anaesthetized and conscious standing animals. Res. Vet. Sci. 30, 44-48.
    • (1981) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 44-48
    • Staddon, G.E.1    Weaver, B.M.2
  • 24
    • 0021990878 scopus 로고
    • Changes in blood flow distribution in equine lungs induced by anaesthesia
    • Dobson, A., Gleed, R.D., Meyer, R.E. and Stewart, B.J. (1985) Changes in blood flow distribution in equine lungs induced by anaesthesia. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 70, 283-297.
    • (1985) Q. J. Exp. Physiol. , vol.70 , pp. 283-297
    • Dobson, A.1    Gleed, R.D.2    Meyer, R.E.3    Stewart, B.J.4
  • 26
    • 0031928650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in endothelial function in horse lungs: possible role in blood flow distribution?
    • Pelletier, N., Robinson, N.E., Kaiser, L. and Derksen, F.J. (1998) Regional differences in endothelial function in horse lungs: possible role in blood flow distribution? J. Appl. Physiol. 85, 537-542.
    • (1998) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.85 , pp. 537-542
    • Pelletier, N.1    Robinson, N.E.2    Kaiser, L.3    Derksen, F.J.4
  • 27
    • 13444269010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of the in vitro pulmonary vasoconstrictor response in isolated equine and bovine pulmonary arterial rings
    • MacEachern, K.E., Smith, G.L. and Nolan, A.M. (2004) Characteristics of the in vitro pulmonary vasoconstrictor response in isolated equine and bovine pulmonary arterial rings. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 31, 239-249.
    • (2004) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.31 , pp. 239-249
    • MacEachern, K.E.1    Smith, G.L.2    Nolan, A.M.3
  • 28
    • 0025915118 scopus 로고
    • Unilateral hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the dog, pony and miniature swine
    • Elliott, A.R., Steffey, E.P., Jarvis, K.A. and Marshall, B.E. (1991) Unilateral hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the dog, pony and miniature swine. Respir. Physiol. 85, 355-369.
    • (1991) Respir. Physiol. , vol.85 , pp. 355-369
    • Elliott, A.R.1    Steffey, E.P.2    Jarvis, K.A.3    Marshall, B.E.4
  • 29
    • 0021400045 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of recumbency in two conscious ponies
    • Hall, L.W. (1984) Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of recumbency in two conscious ponies. Equine Vet. J. 16, 89-92.
    • (1984) Equine Vet. J. , vol.16 , pp. 89-92
    • Hall, L.W.1
  • 30
    • 0018460342 scopus 로고
    • Oxygenation of pulmonary vein blood in conscious and anaesthetized ponies
    • Hall, L.W. (1979) Oxygenation of pulmonary vein blood in conscious and anaesthetized ponies. Equine Vet. J. 11, 71-75.
    • (1979) Equine Vet. J. , vol.11 , pp. 71-75
    • Hall, L.W.1
  • 31
    • 0021430668 scopus 로고
    • Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in conscious laterally recumbent ponies
    • Rugh, K.S., Garner, H.E., Hatfield, D.G. and Herrold, D. (1984) Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in conscious laterally recumbent ponies. Equine Vet. J. 16, 185-188.
    • (1984) Equine Vet. J. , vol.16 , pp. 185-188
    • Rugh, K.S.1    Garner, H.E.2    Hatfield, D.G.3    Herrold, D.4
  • 32
    • 0020144120 scopus 로고
    • Effect of postural changes on certain circulatory and respiratory values in the horse
    • Schatzmann, U., Koehli, M., Dudan, F., Rohr, W. and Jones, R.S. (1982) Effect of postural changes on certain circulatory and respiratory values in the horse. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43, 1003-1005.
    • (1982) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.43 , pp. 1003-1005
    • Schatzmann, U.1    Koehli, M.2    Dudan, F.3    Rohr, W.4    Jones, R.S.5
  • 33
    • 0016712032 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acetylpromazine on ventilatory variables in the horse
    • Muir, W.W. and Hamlin, R.L. (1975) Effects of acetylpromazine on ventilatory variables in the horse. Am. J. Vet. Res. 36, 1439-1442.
    • (1975) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 1439-1442
    • Muir, W.W.1    Hamlin, R.L.2
  • 34
    • 0022459514 scopus 로고
    • The effect of sedatives on lung function in horses
    • Reitemeyer, H., Klein, H.J. and Deegen, E. (1986) The effect of sedatives on lung function in horses. Acta Vet. Scand. 82 (Suppl), 111-120.
    • (1986) Acta Vet. Scand. , vol.82 , pp. 111-120
    • Reitemeyer, H.1    Klein, H.J.2    Deegen, E.3
  • 35
    • 0026744984 scopus 로고
    • Effect of head and neck position on respiratory mechanics in horses sedated with xylazine
    • Lavoie, J.P., Pascoe, J.R. and Kurpershoek, C.J. (1992) Effect of head and neck position on respiratory mechanics in horses sedated with xylazine. Am. J. Vet. Res. 53, 1652-1657.
    • (1992) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.53 , pp. 1652-1657
    • Lavoie, J.P.1    Pascoe, J.R.2    Kurpershoek, C.J.3
  • 36
    • 0014442966 scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary dysfunction in anesthetized, laterally recumbent horses
    • Gillespie, J.R., Tyler, W.S. and Hall, L.W. (1969) Cardiopulmonary dysfunction in anesthetized, laterally recumbent horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 30, 61-72.
    • (1969) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 61-72
    • Gillespie, J.R.1    Tyler, W.S.2    Hall, L.W.3
  • 37
    • 0015085139 scopus 로고
    • Disturbances of cardiopulmonary function in anaesthetized horses
    • Hall, L.W. (1971) Disturbances of cardiopulmonary function in anaesthetized horses. Equine Vet. J. 3, 95-98.
    • (1971) Equine Vet. J. , vol.3 , pp. 95-98
    • Hall, L.W.1
  • 38
    • 0018337516 scopus 로고
    • Radiographic evidence of impaired pulmonary function in laterally recumbent anaesthetised horses
    • McDonell, W.N., Hall, L.W. and Jeffcott, L.B. (1979) Radiographic evidence of impaired pulmonary function in laterally recumbent anaesthetised horses. Equine Vet. J. 11, 24-32.
    • (1979) Equine Vet. J. , vol.11 , pp. 24-32
    • McDonell, W.N.1    Hall, L.W.2    Jeffcott, L.B.3
  • 39
    • 0023378006 scopus 로고
    • Arterial blood PO2 and PCO2 in horses during early halothane-oxygen anaesthesia
    • Grandy, J.L., Steffey, E.P. and Miller, M. (1987) Arterial blood PO2 and PCO2 in horses during early halothane-oxygen anaesthesia. Equine Vet. J. 19, 314-318.
    • (1987) Equine Vet. J. , vol.19 , pp. 314-318
    • Grandy, J.L.1    Steffey, E.P.2    Miller, M.3
  • 41
    • 0010710826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange
    • 7th edn., Ed: J.B. West, Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
    • West, J.B. (2008) Gas exchange. In: Pulmonary Pathophysiology; the Essentials, 7th edn., Ed: J.B. West, Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. pp 17-36.
    • (2008) Pulmonary Pathophysiology; the Essentials , pp. 17-36
    • West, J.B.1
  • 42
    • 0017593293 scopus 로고
    • Body position and mode of ventilation influences arterial pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide tensions in halothane-anesthetized horses
    • Steffey, E.P., Wheat, J.D., Meagher, D.M., Norrie, R.D., McKee, J., Brown, M. and Arnold, J. (1977) Body position and mode of ventilation influences arterial pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide tensions in halothane-anesthetized horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 38, 379-382.
    • (1977) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.38 , pp. 379-382
    • Steffey, E.P.1    Wheat, J.D.2    Meagher, D.M.3    Norrie, R.D.4    McKee, J.5    Brown, M.6    Arnold, J.7
  • 43
    • 0022569543 scopus 로고
    • Effects of spontaneous, assisted, and controlled ventilator modes in halothane-anesthetized geldings
    • Hodgson, D.S., Steffey, E.P., Grandy, J.L. and Woliner, M.J. (1986) Effects of spontaneous, assisted, and controlled ventilator modes in halothane-anesthetized geldings. Am. J. Vet. Res. 47, 992-996.
    • (1986) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.47 , pp. 992-996
    • Hodgson, D.S.1    Steffey, E.P.2    Grandy, J.L.3    Woliner, M.J.4
  • 44
    • 0029300478 scopus 로고
    • Blood gas values during intermittent positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous ventilation in 160 anesthetized horses positioned in lateral or dorsal recumbency
    • Day, T.K., Gaynor, J.S., Muir, W.W., Bednarski, R.M. and Mason, D.E. (1995) Blood gas values during intermittent positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous ventilation in 160 anesthetized horses positioned in lateral or dorsal recumbency. Vet. Anesth. 24, 266-276.
    • (1995) Vet. Anesth. , vol.24 , pp. 266-276
    • Day, T.K.1    Gaynor, J.S.2    Muir, W.W.3    Bednarski, R.M.4    Mason, D.E.5
  • 45
    • 0024693758 scopus 로고
    • Ventilation-perfusion relationships in the anaesthetized horse
    • Nyman, G. and Hedenstierna, G. (1989) Ventilation-perfusion relationships in the anaesthetized horse. Equine Vet. J. 21, 274-281.
    • (1989) Equine Vet. J. , vol.21 , pp. 274-281
    • Nyman, G.1    Hedenstierna, G.2
  • 46
    • 33645508943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High inspired oxygen concentrations increase intrapulmonary shunt in anaesthetized horses
    • Marntell, S., Nyman, G. and Hedenstierna, G. (2005) High inspired oxygen concentrations increase intrapulmonary shunt in anaesthetized horses. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 32, 338-347.
    • (2005) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.32 , pp. 338-347
    • Marntell, S.1    Nyman, G.2    Hedenstierna, G.3
  • 47
    • 0032777570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in spontaneously breathing horses anaesthetized with halothane
    • Young, L.E., Marlin, D.J., McMurphy, R.M., Walsh, K. and Dixon, P.M. (1999) Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in spontaneously breathing horses anaesthetized with halothane. Br. J. Anaesth. 83, 321-324.
    • (1999) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.83 , pp. 321-324
    • Young, L.E.1    Marlin, D.J.2    McMurphy, R.M.3    Walsh, K.4    Dixon, P.M.5
  • 48
    • 79957867252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of 50% and maximal inspired oxygen concentrations on respiratory variables in isoflurane-anesthetized horses
    • Hubbell, J.A.E., Aarnes, T.K., Bednarski, R.M., Lerche, P. and Muir, W.W. (2011) Effect of 50% and maximal inspired oxygen concentrations on respiratory variables in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. BMC Vet. Res. 7, 23.
    • (2011) BMC Vet. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 23
    • Hubbell, J.A.E.1    Aarnes, T.K.2    Bednarski, R.M.3    Lerche, P.4    Muir, W.W.5
  • 49
    • 0020316332 scopus 로고
    • Radiographic characterization of diaphragmatic excursion in halothane-anesthetized ponies: spontaneous and controlled ventilation systems
    • Benson, G.J., Manohar, M., Kneller, S.K., Thurmon, J.E. and Steffey, E.P. (1982) Radiographic characterization of diaphragmatic excursion in halothane-anesthetized ponies: spontaneous and controlled ventilation systems. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43, 617-621.
    • (1982) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.43 , pp. 617-621
    • Benson, G.J.1    Manohar, M.2    Kneller, S.K.3    Thurmon, J.E.4    Steffey, E.P.5
  • 50
    • 0018881897 scopus 로고
    • Postural effects on lung volumes and asynchronous ventilation in anesthetized horses
    • Sorenson, P.R. and Robinson, N.E. (1980) Postural effects on lung volumes and asynchronous ventilation in anesthetized horses. J. Appl. Physiol. 48, 97-103.
    • (1980) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.48 , pp. 97-103
    • Sorenson, P.R.1    Robinson, N.E.2
  • 52
    • 0023654395 scopus 로고
    • Arterial blood gas tensions in the horses during recovery from anesthesia
    • Mason, D.E., Muir, W.W. and Wade, A. (1987) Arterial blood gas tensions in the horses during recovery from anesthesia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 190, 989-994.
    • (1987) J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. , vol.190 , pp. 989-994
    • Mason, D.E.1    Muir, W.W.2    Wade, A.3
  • 53
    • 0023064424 scopus 로고
    • Apneic oxygenation in anesthetized ponies and horses
    • Blaze, C.A. and Robinson, N.E. (1987) Apneic oxygenation in anesthetized ponies and horses. Vet. Res. Commun. 11, 281-291.
    • (1987) Vet. Res. Commun. , vol.11 , pp. 281-291
    • Blaze, C.A.1    Robinson, N.E.2
  • 54
    • 0024058318 scopus 로고
    • Effects of frequency and airway pressure on gas exchange during interrupted high-frequency, positive-pressure ventilation in ponies
    • Wilson, D.V., Suslak, L. and Soma, L.R. (1988) Effects of frequency and airway pressure on gas exchange during interrupted high-frequency, positive-pressure ventilation in ponies. Am. J. Vet. Res. 49, 1263-1269.
    • (1988) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.49 , pp. 1263-1269
    • Wilson, D.V.1    Suslak, L.2    Soma, L.R.3
  • 55
    • 0025280322 scopus 로고
    • Effect of clenbuterol on arterial oxygen tension in the anaesthetized horse
    • Gleed, R.D. and Dobson, A. (1990) Effect of clenbuterol on arterial oxygen tension in the anaesthetized horse. Res. Vet. Sci. 48, 331-337.
    • (1990) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 331-337
    • Gleed, R.D.1    Dobson, A.2
  • 56
    • 0026129501 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of low arterial oxygen tension in anesthetized horses with clenbuterol
    • Keegan, R.D., Gleed, R.D., Sanders, E.A., Seaman, G.C., Wertz, E.M. and Short, C.E. (1991) Treatment of low arterial oxygen tension in anesthetized horses with clenbuterol. Vet. Surg. 20, 148-152.
    • (1991) Vet. Surg. , vol.20 , pp. 148-152
    • Keegan, R.D.1    Gleed, R.D.2    Sanders, E.A.3    Seaman, G.C.4    Wertz, E.M.5    Short, C.E.6
  • 57
    • 0032415951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiopulmonary effects of clenbuterol when administered to dorsally recumbent halothane-anaesthetized ponies - failure to increase arterial oxygenation
    • Lee, Y.H., Clarke, K.W. and Alibhai, H.I. (1998) The cardiopulmonary effects of clenbuterol when administered to dorsally recumbent halothane-anaesthetized ponies - failure to increase arterial oxygenation. Res. Vet. Sci. 65, 227-232.
    • (1998) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 227-232
    • Lee, Y.H.1    Clarke, K.W.2    Alibhai, H.I.3
  • 58
    • 1642513858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized salbutamol (albuterol) improves PaO2 in hypoxaemic anaesthetized horses- a prospective clinical trial in 81 horses
    • Robertson, S.A. and Bailey, J.E. (2002) Aerosolized salbutamol (albuterol) improves PaO2 in hypoxaemic anaesthetized horses- a prospective clinical trial in 81 horses. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 29, 212-218.
    • (2002) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.29 , pp. 212-218
    • Robertson, S.A.1    Bailey, J.E.2
  • 59
    • 77958197539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of inhalation salbutamol administration on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic, pulmonary mechanics and oxygen balance during general anaesthesia in the horse
    • Patschova, M., Kabes, R. and Krisova, S. (2010) The effects of inhalation salbutamol administration on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic, pulmonary mechanics and oxygen balance during general anaesthesia in the horse. Vet. Med. 55, 445-456.
    • (2010) Vet. Med. , vol.55 , pp. 445-456
    • Patschova, M.1    Kabes, R.2    Krisova, S.3
  • 60
    • 0036197911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of different pulses of nitric oxide on venous admixture in the anaesthetized horse
    • Heinonen, E., Nyman, G., Merilainen, P. and Hogman, M. (2002) Effect of different pulses of nitric oxide on venous admixture in the anaesthetized horse. Br. J. Anaesth. 88, 394-398.
    • (2002) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.88 , pp. 394-398
    • Heinonen, E.1    Nyman, G.2    Merilainen, P.3    Hogman, M.4
  • 61
    • 84865295227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulsed delivery of inhaled nitric oxide counteracts hypoxaemia during 2.5h of inhalation anaesthesia in dorsally recumbent horses
    • Nyman, G., Grubb, T.L., Heinonen, E., Frendin, J., Edner, A., Malavasi, L.M., Frostell, C. and Högman, M. (2012) Pulsed delivery of inhaled nitric oxide counteracts hypoxaemia during 2.5h of inhalation anaesthesia in dorsally recumbent horses. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 39, 480-487.
    • (2012) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.39 , pp. 480-487
    • Nyman, G.1    Grubb, T.L.2    Heinonen, E.3    Frendin, J.4    Edner, A.5    Malavasi, L.M.6    Frostell, C.7    Högman, M.8
  • 62
    • 18444387696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acepromazine on pulmonary gas exchange and circulation during sedation and dissociative anaesthesia in horses
    • Marntell, S., Nyman, G., Funkquist, P. and Hedenstierna, G. (2005) Effects of acepromazine on pulmonary gas exchange and circulation during sedation and dissociative anaesthesia in horses. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 32, 83-93.
    • (2005) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.32 , pp. 83-93
    • Marntell, S.1    Nyman, G.2    Funkquist, P.3    Hedenstierna, G.4
  • 63
    • 67650331083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of high and low inspired fractions of oxygen on horse erythrocyte membrane properties, blood viscosity and muscle oxygenation during anaesthesia
    • Portier, K., Crouzier, D., Guichardant, M., Prost, M., Debouzy, J.C., Kirschvink, N., Fellman, N., Lekeux, P. and Coudert, J. (2009) Effects of high and low inspired fractions of oxygen on horse erythrocyte membrane properties, blood viscosity and muscle oxygenation during anaesthesia. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 36, 287-298.
    • (2009) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.36 , pp. 287-298
    • Portier, K.1    Crouzier, D.2    Guichardant, M.3    Prost, M.4    Debouzy, J.C.5    Kirschvink, N.6    Fellman, N.7    Lekeux, P.8    Coudert, J.9
  • 64
    • 0025163985 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of inspired oxygen fraction in halothane-anesthetized horses
    • Cuvelliez, S.G., Eicker, S.W., McLauchlan, C. and Brunson, D.B. (1990) Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of inspired oxygen fraction in halothane-anesthetized horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 51, 1226-1231.
    • (1990) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 1226-1231
    • Cuvelliez, S.G.1    Eicker, S.W.2    McLauchlan, C.3    Brunson, D.B.4
  • 65
    • 84873390901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of inspired oxygen concentration on ventilation, ventilatory rhythm, and gas exchange in isoflurane-anesthetized horses
    • Crumley, M.N., McMurphy, R.M., Hodgson, D.S. and Kreider, S.E. (2013) Effects of inspired oxygen concentration on ventilation, ventilatory rhythm, and gas exchange in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 74, 183-190.
    • (2013) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.74 , pp. 183-190
    • Crumley, M.N.1    McMurphy, R.M.2    Hodgson, D.S.3    Kreider, S.E.4
  • 66
    • 70849110456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary gas exchange in anaesthetized horses mechanically ventilated with oxygen or a helium/oxygen mixture
    • Staffieri, F., Bauquier, S.H., Moate, P.J. and Driessen, B. (2009) Pulmonary gas exchange in anaesthetized horses mechanically ventilated with oxygen or a helium/oxygen mixture. Equine Vet. J. 41, 747-752.
    • (2009) Equine Vet. J. , vol.41 , pp. 747-752
    • Staffieri, F.1    Bauquier, S.H.2    Moate, P.J.3    Driessen, B.4
  • 67
    • 0016703508 scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary effects of positive end-respiratory pressure in anesthetized horses
    • Beadle, R.E., Robinson, N.E. and Sorensen, P.R. (1975) Cardiopulmonary effects of positive end-respiratory pressure in anesthetized horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 36, 1435-1438.
    • (1975) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 1435-1438
    • Beadle, R.E.1    Robinson, N.E.2    Sorensen, P.R.3
  • 68
    • 0025423891 scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary effects of positive end-expiratory pressure in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated ponies
    • Wilson, D.V. and Soma, L.R. (1990) Cardiopulmonary effects of positive end-expiratory pressure in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated ponies. Am. J. Vet. Res. 51, 734-739.
    • (1990) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 734-739
    • Wilson, D.V.1    Soma, L.R.2
  • 69
    • 0026232848 scopus 로고
    • Positive end-expiratory pressure during colic surgery in horses: 74 cases (1986-1988)
    • Wilson, D.V. and McFeely, A.M. (1991) Positive end-expiratory pressure during colic surgery in horses: 74 cases (1986-1988). J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 199, 917-921.
    • (1991) J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. , vol.199 , pp. 917-921
    • Wilson, D.V.1    McFeely, A.M.2
  • 70
    • 0032014555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure on inspiratory gas distribution and gas exchange during mechanical ventilation in horses positioned in lateral recumbency
    • Moens, Y., Lagerweij, E., Gootjes, P. and Poortman, J. (1998) Influence of tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure on inspiratory gas distribution and gas exchange during mechanical ventilation in horses positioned in lateral recumbency. Am. J. Vet. Res. 59, 307-312.
    • (1998) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.59 , pp. 307-312
    • Moens, Y.1    Lagerweij, E.2    Gootjes, P.3    Poortman, J.4
  • 71
    • 0023940926 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and respiratory responses in halothane-anesthetized horses exposed to positive end-expiratory pressure alone and with dobutamine
    • Swanson, C.R. and Muir, W.W. (1988) Hemodynamic and respiratory responses in halothane-anesthetized horses exposed to positive end-expiratory pressure alone and with dobutamine. Am. J. Vet. Res. 49, 539-542.
    • (1988) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.49 , pp. 539-542
    • Swanson, C.R.1    Muir, W.W.2
  • 72
    • 79952457743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of modified open lung concept ventilation on the cardiovascular and pulmonary function of horses during total intravenous anaesthesia
    • Bringewatt, T., Hopster, K., Kästner, S.B.R., Rohn, K. and Ohnesorge, B. (2010) Influence of modified open lung concept ventilation on the cardiovascular and pulmonary function of horses during total intravenous anaesthesia. Vet. Rec. 167, 1002-1006.
    • (2010) Vet. Rec. , vol.167 , pp. 1002-1006
    • Bringewatt, T.1    Hopster, K.2    Kästner, S.B.R.3    Rohn, K.4    Ohnesorge, B.5
  • 73
    • 79954515221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent positive pressure ventilation with constant positive end-expiratory pressure and alveolar recruitment manoeuvre during inhalation anaesthesia in horses undergoing surgery for colic, and its influence on the early recovery period
    • Hopster, K., Kästner, S.B., Rohn, K. and Ohnesorge, B. (2011) Intermittent positive pressure ventilation with constant positive end-expiratory pressure and alveolar recruitment manoeuvre during inhalation anaesthesia in horses undergoing surgery for colic, and its influence on the early recovery period. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 38, 169-177.
    • (2011) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.38 , pp. 169-177
    • Hopster, K.1    Kästner, S.B.2    Rohn, K.3    Ohnesorge, B.4
  • 74
    • 33645241969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an alveolar recruitment maneuver on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters during total intravenous anesthesia in ponies
    • Wettstein, D., Moens, Y., Jaeggin-Schmucker, N., Böhm, S.H., Rother, H.U., Mosing, M., Kästner, S.D. and Schatzmann, U. (2006) Effects of an alveolar recruitment maneuver on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters during total intravenous anesthesia in ponies. Am. J. Vet. Res. 67, 152-159.
    • (2006) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.67 , pp. 152-159
    • Wettstein, D.1    Moens, Y.2    Jaeggin-Schmucker, N.3    Böhm, S.H.4    Rother, H.U.5    Mosing, M.6    Kästner, S.D.7    Schatzmann, U.8
  • 75
    • 84863202396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early experience with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in 5 horses - a case series
    • MacFarlane, P.D. and Mosing, M. (2012) Early experience with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in 5 horses - a case series. Can. Vet. J. 53, 426-429.
    • (2012) Can. Vet. J. , vol.53 , pp. 426-429
    • MacFarlane, P.D.1    Mosing, M.2
  • 76
    • 84878916960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to optimize oxygenation in anaesthetized horses - a clinical study
    • Mosing, M., Rysnik, M., Bardell, D., Cripps, P.J. and MacFarlane, P. (2013) Use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to optimize oxygenation in anaesthetized horses - a clinical study. Equine Vet. J. 45, 414-418.
    • (2013) Equine Vet. J. , vol.45 , pp. 414-418
    • Mosing, M.1    Rysnik, M.2    Bardell, D.3    Cripps, P.J.4    MacFarlane, P.5
  • 77
    • 0023393495 scopus 로고
    • Selective mechanical ventilation of dependent lung regions in the anaesthetized horse in dorsal recumbency
    • Nyman, G., Frostell, C., Hedenstierna, G., Funkquist, B., Kvart, C. and Blomqvist, H. (1987) Selective mechanical ventilation of dependent lung regions in the anaesthetized horse in dorsal recumbency. Br. J. Anaesth. 59, 1027-1034.
    • (1987) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.59 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Nyman, G.1    Frostell, C.2    Hedenstierna, G.3    Funkquist, B.4    Kvart, C.5    Blomqvist, H.6
  • 78
    • 0026825741 scopus 로고
    • A tracheal tube-in-tube technique for functionally separation of the lungs in the horse
    • Moens, Y., Gootjes, P. and Lagerweij, E. (1992) A tracheal tube-in-tube technique for functionally separation of the lungs in the horse. Equine Vet. J. 24, 103-106.
    • (1992) Equine Vet. J. , vol.24 , pp. 103-106
    • Moens, Y.1    Gootjes, P.2    Lagerweij, E.3
  • 79
    • 0028512856 scopus 로고
    • Differential artificial ventilation in anesthetized horses positioned in lateral recumbency
    • Moens, Y., Lagerweij, E., Gootjes, P. and Poortman, J. (1994) Differential artificial ventilation in anesthetized horses positioned in lateral recumbency. Am. J. Vet. Res. 55, 1319-1326.
    • (1994) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.55 , pp. 1319-1326
    • Moens, Y.1    Lagerweij, E.2    Gootjes, P.3    Poortman, J.4
  • 80
    • 0014336153 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular volumes and body weight in mammals
    • Holt, J.P., Rhode, E.A. and Kines, H. (1968) Ventricular volumes and body weight in mammals. Am. J. Physiol. 215, 704-715.
    • (1968) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.215 , pp. 704-715
    • Holt, J.P.1    Rhode, E.A.2    Kines, H.3
  • 81
    • 3042976509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total blood volume in the normally performing Standardbred trotter: age and sex variations
    • Persson, S.G., Funkquist, P. and Nyman, G. (1996) Total blood volume in the normally performing Standardbred trotter: age and sex variations. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. A 43, 57-64.
    • (1996) Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. A , vol.43 , pp. 57-64
    • Persson, S.G.1    Funkquist, P.2    Nyman, G.3
  • 82
    • 12344317239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total blood volume and Thoroughbred racing performance
    • Householder, D.D. and Douglas, R.H. (2005) Total blood volume and Thoroughbred racing performance. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 25, 14-15.
    • (2005) J. Equine Vet. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 14-15
    • Householder, D.D.1    Douglas, R.H.2
  • 83
    • 41149154296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous function and central venous pressure: a physiologic story
    • Gelman, S. (2008) Venous function and central venous pressure: a physiologic story. Anesthesiol. 108, 735-748.
    • (2008) Anesthesiol. , vol.108 , pp. 735-748
    • Gelman, S.1
  • 84
    • 0007012515 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the equine spleen on rapid changes in the concentration of erythrocytes in peripheral blood
    • Torten, M. and Schalm, O.W. (1964) Influence of the equine spleen on rapid changes in the concentration of erythrocytes in peripheral blood. Am. J. Vet. Res. 25, 500-504.
    • (1964) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 500-504
    • Torten, M.1    Schalm, O.W.2
  • 85
    • 0027320274 scopus 로고
    • Splenectomy alters blood pressure response to incremental treadmill exercise in horses
    • McKeever, K.H., Hinchcliff, K.W., Reed, S.M. and Hamlin, R.L. (1993) Splenectomy alters blood pressure response to incremental treadmill exercise in horses. Am. J. Physiol. 265, R409-R413.
    • (1993) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.265 , pp. R409-R413
    • McKeever, K.H.1    Hinchcliff, K.W.2    Reed, S.M.3    Hamlin, R.L.4
  • 86
    • 84919595077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The key role of nitric oxide in hypoxia: hypoxic vasodilation and energy supply-demand matching
    • Umbrello, M., Dyson, A., Feelisch, M. and Singer, M. (2013) The key role of nitric oxide in hypoxia: hypoxic vasodilation and energy supply-demand matching. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 20, 1-21.
    • (2013) Antioxid. Redox Signal. , vol.20 , pp. 1-21
    • Umbrello, M.1    Dyson, A.2    Feelisch, M.3    Singer, M.4
  • 88
  • 90
    • 0024798049 scopus 로고
    • Equine stress responses to anaesthesia
    • Taylor, P.M. (1989) Equine stress responses to anaesthesia. Br. J. Anaesth. 63, 702-709.
    • (1989) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.63 , pp. 702-709
    • Taylor, P.M.1
  • 91
    • 0033026775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hypoxia on endocrine and metabolic responses to anaesthesia in ponies
    • Taylor, P.M. (1998) Effects of hypoxia on endocrine and metabolic responses to anaesthesia in ponies. Res. Vet. Sci. 66, 39-44.
    • (1998) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 39-44
    • Taylor, P.M.1
  • 92
    • 0029188469 scopus 로고
    • Effects of afferent neural stimulation on critical oxygen delivery: a hemodynamic explanation
    • Kirkman, E., Zhang, H., Spapen, H., Little, R.A. and Vincent, J.L. (1995) Effects of afferent neural stimulation on critical oxygen delivery: a hemodynamic explanation. Am. J. Physiol. 269, R1448-R1454.
    • (1995) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.269 , pp. R1448-R1454
    • Kirkman, E.1    Zhang, H.2    Spapen, H.3    Little, R.A.4    Vincent, J.L.5
  • 93
    • 0029264760 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of inspired gas to each lung in the anaesthetized horse and influence of body shape
    • Moens, Y., Lagerweij, E., Gootjes, P. and Poortman, J. (1995) Distribution of inspired gas to each lung in the anaesthetized horse and influence of body shape. Equine Vet. J. 27, 110-116.
    • (1995) Equine Vet. J. , vol.27 , pp. 110-116
    • Moens, Y.1    Lagerweij, E.2    Gootjes, P.3    Poortman, J.4
  • 94
    • 49549103357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of body mass and thoracic dimensions on arterial oxygenation in anaesthetized horses and ponies
    • Mansel, J.C. and Clutton, R.E. (2008) The influence of body mass and thoracic dimensions on arterial oxygenation in anaesthetized horses and ponies. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 35, 392-399.
    • (2008) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.35 , pp. 392-399
    • Mansel, J.C.1    Clutton, R.E.2
  • 95
    • 0023359595 scopus 로고
    • Mixed venous oxygen tension as an estimate of cardiac output in anesthetized horses
    • Wetmore, L.A., Derksen, F.J., Blaze, C.A. and Eyster, G.E. (1987) Mixed venous oxygen tension as an estimate of cardiac output in anesthetized horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48, 971-976.
    • (1987) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 971-976
    • Wetmore, L.A.1    Derksen, F.J.2    Blaze, C.A.3    Eyster, G.E.4
  • 96
    • 0000854277 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen dissociation curves of mammalian blood in relation to body size
    • Schmidt-Neilsen, K. and Larimer, J.L. (1958) Oxygen dissociation curves of mammalian blood in relation to body size. Am. J. Physiol. 195, 424-428.
    • (1958) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.195 , pp. 424-428
    • Schmidt-Neilsen, K.1    Larimer, J.L.2
  • 97
    • 33646335907 scopus 로고
    • Hemoglobin concentration and oxygen capacity of mammalian blood
    • Larimer, J.L. (1959) Hemoglobin concentration and oxygen capacity of mammalian blood. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 75, 174-177.
    • (1959) J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 174-177
    • Larimer, J.L.1
  • 99
    • 0034304171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of oxygen delivery and hemoglobin saturation during incremental exercise in horses
    • Fenger, C.K., McKeever, K.H., Hinchcliff, K.W. and Kohn, C.W. (2000) Determinants of oxygen delivery and hemoglobin saturation during incremental exercise in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 61, 1325-1332.
    • (2000) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.61 , pp. 1325-1332
    • Fenger, C.K.1    McKeever, K.H.2    Hinchcliff, K.W.3    Kohn, C.W.4
  • 100
    • 0028322099 scopus 로고
    • Temperature and pH effects on the oxygen equilibrium curve of the thoroughbred horse
    • Smale, K. and Butler, P.J. (1994) Temperature and pH effects on the oxygen equilibrium curve of the thoroughbred horse. Respir. Physiol. 97, 293-300.
    • (1994) Respir. Physiol. , vol.97 , pp. 293-300
    • Smale, K.1    Butler, P.J.2
  • 101
    • 0027135394 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve of four mammals: man, dog, horse and cattle
    • Clerbaux, T., Gustin, P., Detry, B., Cao, M.L. and Frans, A. (1993) Comparative study of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve of four mammals: man, dog, horse and cattle. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Comp. Physiol. 106, 687-694.
    • (1993) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Comp. Physiol. , vol.106 , pp. 687-694
    • Clerbaux, T.1    Gustin, P.2    Detry, B.3    Cao, M.L.4    Frans, A.5
  • 103
    • 0023821090 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sevoflurane on P50 and on measurement of oxygen tension
    • Kambam, J.R., Horton, B.F., Parris, W.C. and Holaday, D.A. (1988) Effect of sevoflurane on P50 and on measurement of oxygen tension. J. Clin. Monit. 4, 261-263.
    • (1988) J. Clin. Monit. , vol.4 , pp. 261-263
    • Kambam, J.R.1    Horton, B.F.2    Parris, W.C.3    Holaday, D.A.4
  • 104
    • 0017334046 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen delivery and uptake in dogs during anemic and hypoxic hypoxia
    • Cain, S.M. (1977) Oxygen delivery and uptake in dogs during anemic and hypoxic hypoxia. J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol. 42, 228-234.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol. , vol.42 , pp. 228-234
    • Cain, S.M.1
  • 106
    • 0025139926 scopus 로고
    • How much reduced hemoglobin is necessary to generate central cyanosis?
    • Martin, L. and Khalil, H. (1990) How much reduced hemoglobin is necessary to generate central cyanosis? Chest 97, 182-185.
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , pp. 182-185
    • Martin, L.1    Khalil, H.2
  • 107
    • 0023160247 scopus 로고
    • Arterial hypotension and the development of postanesthetic myopathy in halothane-anesthetized horses
    • Grandy, J.L., Steffey, E.P., Hodgson, D.S. and Woliner, M.J. (1987) Arterial hypotension and the development of postanesthetic myopathy in halothane-anesthetized horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48, 192-197.
    • (1987) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 192-197
    • Grandy, J.L.1    Steffey, E.P.2    Hodgson, D.S.3    Woliner, M.J.4
  • 108
    • 84990778800 scopus 로고
    • A study of the effect of isoflurane anaesthesia on equine skeletal muscle perfusion
    • Goetz, T.E., Manohar, M., Nganwa, D. and Gustafson, R. (1989) A study of the effect of isoflurane anaesthesia on equine skeletal muscle perfusion. Equine Vet. J., Suppl. 7, 133-137.
    • (1989) Equine Vet. J., Suppl. , vol.7 , pp. 133-137
    • Goetz, T.E.1    Manohar, M.2    Nganwa, D.3    Gustafson, R.4
  • 109
    • 33645507077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle blood flow in anaesthetized horses. Part II: effects of anaesthetics and vasoactive agents
    • Raisis, A.L. (2005) Skeletal muscle blood flow in anaesthetized horses. Part II: effects of anaesthetics and vasoactive agents. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 32, 331-337.
    • (2005) Vet. Anaesth. Analg. , vol.32 , pp. 331-337
    • Raisis, A.L.1
  • 110
    • 20544433025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle metabolic changes associated with long-term inhalation anaesthesia in the horse analysed by muscle biopsy and microdialysis techniques
    • Edner, A., Essén-Gustavsson, B. and Nyman, G. (2005) Muscle metabolic changes associated with long-term inhalation anaesthesia in the horse analysed by muscle biopsy and microdialysis techniques. J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med. 52, 99-107.
    • (2005) J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med. , vol.52 , pp. 99-107
    • Edner, A.1    Essén-Gustavsson, B.2    Nyman, G.3
  • 111
    • 0023226389 scopus 로고
    • Systemic distribution of blood flow in ponies during 1.45%, 1.96%, and 2.39% end-tidal isoflurane-O2 anesthesia
    • Manohar, M., Gustafson, R., Goetz, T.E. and Nganwa, D. (1987) Systemic distribution of blood flow in ponies during 1.45%, 1.96%, and 2.39% end-tidal isoflurane-O2 anesthesia. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48, 1504-1510.
    • (1987) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 1504-1510
    • Manohar, M.1    Gustafson, R.2    Goetz, T.E.3    Nganwa, D.4
  • 112
  • 113
    • 0026667743 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and respiratory responses to variable arterial partial pressure of oxygen in halothane-anesthetized horses during spontaneous and controlled ventilation
    • Steffey, E.P., Willits, N. and Woliner, M. (1992) Hemodynamic and respiratory responses to variable arterial partial pressure of oxygen in halothane-anesthetized horses during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. Am. J. Vet. Res. 53, 1850-1858.
    • (1992) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.53 , pp. 1850-1858
    • Steffey, E.P.1    Willits, N.2    Woliner, M.3
  • 115
    • 0029964669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of inhalation anesthetic agents on response of horses to three hours of hypoxemia
    • Whitehair, K.J., Steffey, E.P., Woliner, M.J. and Willits, N.H. (1996) Effects of inhalation anesthetic agents on response of horses to three hours of hypoxemia. Am. J. Vet. Res. 57, 351-360.
    • (1996) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.57 , pp. 351-360
    • Whitehair, K.J.1    Steffey, E.P.2    Woliner, M.J.3    Willits, N.H.4
  • 116
    • 84919647916 scopus 로고
    • The hemodynamic, tissue oxygenation, and selected biochemical effects of isoflurane and halothane anesthesia in horses
    • Branson, K.R., Benson, G.J., Thurmon, J.C., Olson, W.A., Tranquilli, W.J. and Dorner, J.L. (1993) The hemodynamic, tissue oxygenation, and selected biochemical effects of isoflurane and halothane anesthesia in horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 13, 396-409.
    • (1993) J. Equine Vet. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 396-409
    • Branson, K.R.1    Benson, G.J.2    Thurmon, J.C.3    Olson, W.A.4    Tranquilli, W.J.5    Dorner, J.L.6
  • 117
    • 11144279379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen transport - the oxygen delivery controversy
    • Vincent, J.L. and De Backer, D. (2004) Oxygen transport - the oxygen delivery controversy. Intens. Care Med. 30, 1990-1996.
    • (2004) Intens. Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 1990-1996
    • Vincent, J.L.1    De Backer, D.2
  • 119
    • 33644889889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanotransduction and the homeostatic significance of maintaining blood viscosity in hypotension, hypertension and haemorrhage
    • Martini, J., Cabrales, P., Tsai, A.G. and Intaglietta, M. (2006) Mechanotransduction and the homeostatic significance of maintaining blood viscosity in hypotension, hypertension and haemorrhage. J. Intern. Med. 259, 364-372.
    • (2006) J. Intern. Med. , vol.259 , pp. 364-372
    • Martini, J.1    Cabrales, P.2    Tsai, A.G.3    Intaglietta, M.4
  • 120
    • 0025944945 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic baroreflex sensitivity in anesthetized horses, maintained at 1.25 and 1.3 minimal alveolar concentration of halothane
    • Hellyer, P.W., Dodam, J.R. and Light, G.S. (1991) Dynamic baroreflex sensitivity in anesthetized horses, maintained at 1.25 and 1.3 minimal alveolar concentration of halothane. Am. J. Vet. Res. 52, 1672-1675.
    • (1991) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.52 , pp. 1672-1675
    • Hellyer, P.W.1    Dodam, J.R.2    Light, G.S.3
  • 122
    • 0033056019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oxygen trail: tissue oxygenation
    • Nathan, A.T. and Singer, M. (1999) The oxygen trail: tissue oxygenation. Br. Med. Bull. 55, 96-108.
    • (1999) Br. Med. Bull. , vol.55 , pp. 96-108
    • Nathan, A.T.1    Singer, M.2
  • 124
    • 0016478323 scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic and prognostic value of lactate determinations in horses with acute abdominal crisis
    • Donawick, W.J., Ramberg, C.F., Paul, S.R. and Hiza, M.A. (1975) The diagnostic and prognostic value of lactate determinations in horses with acute abdominal crisis. J. S. Afr. Vet. Ass. 46, 127-129.
    • (1975) J. S. Afr. Vet. Ass. , vol.46 , pp. 127-129
    • Donawick, W.J.1    Ramberg, C.F.2    Paul, S.R.3    Hiza, M.A.4
  • 125
    • 33750574933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in central venous pressure and blood lactate concentration in response to acute blood loss in horses
    • Magdesian, K.G., Fielding, C.L., Rhodes, D.M. and Ruby, R.E. (2006) Changes in central venous pressure and blood lactate concentration in response to acute blood loss in horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 229, 1458-1462.
    • (2006) J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. , vol.229 , pp. 1458-1462
    • Magdesian, K.G.1    Fielding, C.L.2    Rhodes, D.M.3    Ruby, R.E.4
  • 126
    • 73349088168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential plasma lactate concentrations as prognostic indicators in adult equine emergencies
    • Tennent-Brown, B.S., Wilkins, P.A., Lindborg, S., Russell, G. and Boston, R.C. (2010) Sequential plasma lactate concentrations as prognostic indicators in adult equine emergencies. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 24, 198-205.
    • (2010) J. Vet. Intern. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 198-205
    • Tennent-Brown, B.S.1    Wilkins, P.A.2    Lindborg, S.3    Russell, G.4    Boston, R.C.5
  • 127
    • 84880946624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch infusion in sevoflurane-anesthetized Thoroughbred horses
    • Ohta, M., Kurimoto, S., Tokushige, H., Kuroda, T. and Ishikawa, Y. (2012) Hemodynamic effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch infusion in sevoflurane-anesthetized Thoroughbred horses. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 75, 841-845.
    • (2012) J. Vet. Med. Sci. , vol.75 , pp. 841-845
    • Ohta, M.1    Kurimoto, S.2    Tokushige, H.3    Kuroda, T.4    Ishikawa, Y.5
  • 128
    • 84875103649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General anesthesia in horses on fluid and electrolyte therapy
    • Snyder, L.B. and Wendt-Hornickle, E. (2013) General anesthesia in horses on fluid and electrolyte therapy. Vet. Clin. N. Am.: Equine Pract. 29, 169-178.
    • (2013) Vet. Clin. N. Am.: Equine Pract. , vol.29 , pp. 169-178
    • Snyder, L.B.1    Wendt-Hornickle, E.2
  • 130
    • 0031824069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathematical coupling in medical research: lessons from studies of oxygen kinetics
    • Walsh, T.S. and Lee, A. (1998) Mathematical coupling in medical research: lessons from studies of oxygen kinetics. Br. J. Anaesth. 81, 118-120.
    • (1998) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.81 , pp. 118-120
    • Walsh, T.S.1    Lee, A.2
  • 131
    • 0345162324 scopus 로고
    • The American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists guidelines of anesthetic monitoring
    • Martinez, E.A., Wagner, A.E., Driessen, B. and Trim, C. (1995) The American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists guidelines of anesthetic monitoring. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 206, 936-937. http://acva.org/docs/Equine.
    • (1995) J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. , vol.206 , pp. 936-937
    • Martinez, E.A.1    Wagner, A.E.2    Driessen, B.3    Trim, C.4
  • 132
    • 79960111490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary gas exchange and plasma lactate in horses with gastrointestinal disease undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy: a comparison with an elective surgery horse population
    • McCoy, A.M., Hackett, E.S., Wagner, A.E., Mama, K.R. and Hendrickson, D.A. (2010) Pulmonary gas exchange and plasma lactate in horses with gastrointestinal disease undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy: a comparison with an elective surgery horse population. Vet. Surg. 40, 601-609.
    • (2010) Vet. Surg. , vol.40 , pp. 601-609
    • McCoy, A.M.1    Hackett, E.S.2    Wagner, A.E.3    Mama, K.R.4    Hendrickson, D.A.5
  • 133
    • 63049120170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism during anaesthesia and recovery in colic and healthy horses: a microdialysis study
    • Edner, A.H., Essen-Gustavsson, B. and Nyman, G.C. (2009) Metabolism during anaesthesia and recovery in colic and healthy horses: a microdialysis study. Acta Vet. Scand. 51, 10-23.
    • (2009) Acta Vet. Scand. , vol.51 , pp. 10-23
    • Edner, A.H.1    Essen-Gustavsson, B.2    Nyman, G.C.3
  • 135
    • 0042422055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of pulse oximetry and capnography in healthy and compromised horses during spontaneous and controlled ventilation
    • Koenig, J., McDonell, W. and Valverde, A. (2003) Accuracy of pulse oximetry and capnography in healthy and compromised horses during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. Can. J. Vet. Res. 67, 169-174.
    • (2003) Can. J. Vet. Res. , vol.67 , pp. 169-174
    • Koenig, J.1    McDonell, W.2    Valverde, A.3
  • 136
    • 77957145287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange during inhalation anaesthesia of horses: a comparison between immediate versus delayed start of intermittent positive pressure ventilation - a clinical study
    • Wolff, K. and Moens, Y. (2010) Gas exchange during inhalation anaesthesia of horses: a comparison between immediate versus delayed start of intermittent positive pressure ventilation - a clinical study. Pferdeheilkunde 26, 706-711.
    • (2010) Pferdeheilkunde , vol.26 , pp. 706-711
    • Wolff, K.1    Moens, Y.2
  • 137
    • 27844602875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of change of oxygen concentration for a large animal circle anesthetic system
    • Solano, A.M., Brosnan, R.J. and Steffey, E.P. (2005) Rate of change of oxygen concentration for a large animal circle anesthetic system. Am. J. Vet. Res. 66, 1675-1678.
    • (2005) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.66 , pp. 1675-1678
    • Solano, A.M.1    Brosnan, R.J.2    Steffey, E.P.3
  • 138
    • 84894360966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variety of non-invasive continuous monitoring methodologies including electrical impedance tomography provides novel insights into the physiology of lung collapse and recruitment - case report of an anaesthetized horse
    • Moens, Y., Schramel, J.P., Tusman, G., Ambrisko, T.D., Sola, J., Brunner, J., Kowalczyk, L. and Bohms, S.H. (2014) Variety of non-invasive continuous monitoring methodologies including electrical impedance tomography provides novel insights into the physiology of lung collapse and recruitment - case report of an anaesthetized horse. Vet. Anaes. Analg. 41, 196-204.
    • (2014) Vet. Anaes. Analg. , vol.41 , pp. 196-204
    • Moens, Y.1    Schramel, J.P.2    Tusman, G.3    Ambrisko, T.D.4    Sola, J.5    Brunner, J.6    Kowalczyk, L.7    Bohms, S.H.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.