Globalization and labor conditions

Globalization and Labor Conditions

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-262

  Flanagan, Robert J ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Globalization; Labor conditions; Labor regulation; Labor rights; Labor standards; Race to the bottom; Working conditions

Indexed keywords

EID: 84919627673     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/0195306007.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (243)

1. Acemoglu, Daron. Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. 2004. Institutions as the fundamental cause of long-run growth. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 10481 (May). Cambridge, Mass.
2. Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, James Robinson, and Pierre Yared. 2005. Income and democracy. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 11205 (March). Cambridge, Mass.
3. Adams, Richard H., Jr. 2004. Remittances and poverty in Guatemala. World Bank Policy Research working paper 3418 (September). Washington, D.C.
4. Adams, Richard H., Jr., and J. Page. 2003. The impact of international migration and remittances on poverty. Paper prepared for the DFID/World Bank Conference on Migrant Remittances, London, Oct. 9-10.
5. Aitken, Brian J., and Ann E. Harrison. 1999. Do domestic firms benefit from direct foreign investment? Evidence from Venezuela. American Economic Review 89 (June): 605-618.
6. Aitken, Brian J., Ann E. Harrison, and Robert E. Lipsey. 1996. Wages and foreign ownership: A comparative study of Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States. Journal of International Economics 40 (May): 345-371.
7. Alatas, Vivi, and Lisa Cameron. 2004. Should Nike and Reebok pay higher wages? The impact of minimum wages on employment in a low income country. Working paper, Department of Economics, Melbourne University.
8. Alesina, Alberto, Arnaud Devleeschauwer, William Easterly, Sergio Kurlat, and Romain Wacziarg. 2003. Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth 8: 155-194.
9. Almeida, Rita. 2003. The effects of foreign owned firms on the labor market. IZA (Institute for the Study of Labor), discussion paper no. 785 (May). Bonn, Germany.
10. Alsen, Marsella, David E. Bloom, and David Canning. 2004. The effect of popu lation health on foreign direct investment. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 10596 (June). Cambridge, Mass.
11. Anderson, James E., and Eric van Wincoop. 2004. Trade Costs. Journal of Economic Literature 42 (September): 691-751.
12. Anti-Slavery International/ICFTU. 2001. Forced labor in the twenty-first century. London.
13. Arbache, Jorge Saba, Andy Dickerson, and Francis Green. 2004. Trade liberalization and wages in developing countries. Economic Journal 114 (February): F73-96.
14. Arnold, Wayne. 2004. Unions face pressure in Indonesia. International Herald Tribune, May 22-23: 13.
15. Aw, B. Y., and G. Batra. 1998. Technology, exports, and firm efficiency in Taiwanese manufacturing. Department of Economics Working Paper, Pennsylvania State University. University Park, Pa.
16. Bales, Kevin. 2000. Slavery and the shadow economy. Journal of International Affairs 53 (2): 461-484.
17. Bales, Kevin. 2004a. Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. Rev. ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.
18. Bales, Kevin. 2004b. International labor standards: Quality of information and measures of progress in combating forced labor. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal 24: 321-363.
19. Bannister, Judith. 2005. Manufacturing earnings and compensation in China. Monthly Labor Review 128 (August): 22-40.
20. Barro, Robert, and Xavier Sala-i-Martin. 1995. Economic growth. New York:McGraw-Hill.
21. Barro, Robert J., and Rachel McLeary. 2002. Religion and political economy in an international panel. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 8931 (May). Cambridge, Mass.
22. Basu, Kaushik. 1999. The economics of child labor. Journal of Economic Literature 37 (3): 1083-1120.
23. Basu, Kaushik. 2000. The intriguing relation between the adult minimum wage and child labor. Economic Journal 110 (462): C50-61.
24. Becker, Elizabeth. 2004. Trade deal: What's in it for the workers? International Herald Tribune, April 7, p. 15.
25. Becker, Gary S. 1957. The economics of discrimination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
26. Becker, Gary S., Tomas J. Philipson, and Rodrigo R. Soares. 2005. The quantity and quality of life and the evolution of world inequality. American Economic Review 95 (1): 277-291.
27. Beegle, Kathleen, Rajeev Dehejia, and Roberta Gatti. 2003. Child labor, income shocks, and access to credit. World Bank Policy Research working paper no. 3075 (June). Washington, D.C.
28. Belot, Michele, and Sjef Ederveen. 2005. Cultural and institutional barriers in migration between OECD countries. Working paper, Department of Economics, University of Essex. Essex, England.
29. Berg, Andrew, and Anne Krueger. 2003. Trade, growth, and poverty: A selective survey. In New Reform Strategies, ed. B. Pleskovic and N. Stern. Annual Bank Development Conference. Washington, D.C.
30. Berik, Günseli, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers, and Joseph E. Zveglich, Jr. 2004. International trade and gender wage discrimination: Evidence from East Asia. Review of Development Economics 8 (2): 237-254.
31. Bernard, A. B., and J. B. Jensen. 1995. Exporters, jobs, and wages in U.S. manufacturing, 1976-1987. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity:Microeconomics: 67-119.
32. Bernard, A. B. 1999. Exceptional exporter performance: Cause, effect, or both? Journal of International Economics 47 (1): 1-25.
33. Bernard, A. B. 2001. Why some firms export.Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, Hanover, April. Mimeographed. (Version 4.0; first version April 1997.)
34. Bernard, Andrew B., and Joachim Wagner. 1997. Exports and success in German manufacturing. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv/Review of World Economics 133 (1): 134-157.
35. Besley, Timothy, and Robin Burgess. 2004. Can labor regulation hinder economic performance? Evidence from India. Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (February): 91-134.
36. Bhagwati, Jagdish. 2004. In defense of globalization. New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Bhagwati, Jagdish, and Robert E. Hudec, eds. 1996. Fair trade and harmonization: Prerequisites for free trade? Cambridge: MIT Press.
38. Bhagwati, Jagdish, Arvind Panagariya, and T. N. Srinivasan. 2004. The muddles over outsourcing. Journal of Economic Perspectives 18 (fall): 93-114.
39. Bhalotra, Sonia. 2003. Child labor in Africa. OECD Social, Employment, and Migration, working paper no. 4. Paris.
40. Black, Sandra, and Elizabeth Brainerd. 2004. Importing equality? The impact of globalization on gender discrimination. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57 (4): 540-559.
41. Bognanno, Mario, Michael P. Keane, and Donghoo Yang. 2005. The influence of wages and industrial relations environments on the production location decisions of U.S. multinational corporations. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 58 (January): 171-200.
42. Bordo, Michael D., Alan M. Taylor, and Jeffrey G. Williamson, eds. 2003. Globalization in historical perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
43. Borjas, George, and Valerie Ramey. 1995. Foreign competition, market power, and wage inequality. Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (November): 1075-1112.
44. Botero, Juan, Simeon Djankov, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, and Andrei Shliefer. 2004. The regulation of labor. Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (November): 1339-1382. (Data on each sub-index will be posted at: http://iicg.som.yale.edu//.)
45. Bourguignon, Francois, and Christian Morrisson. 2002. Inequality among world citizens: 1820-1992. American Economic Review 92 (September): 727-744.
46. Brown, Drusilla K. 2000. International trade and core labor standards:A survey of the recent literature. OECD Labor Market and Social Policy Occasional, working paper no. 43, DEELSA/ELSA/WD (2000) 4, October. Paris.
47. Brown, Drusilla K., Alan V. Deardorff, and Robert M. Stern. 2004. The effects of multinational production on wages and working conditions in developing countries. In Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economics, ed. Robert E. Baldwin and L. Alan Winters, 279-326. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
48. Brucker, Herbert, Gil S. Epstein, Barry McCormick, Gilles Saint-Paul, Alessandra Venturini, and Klaus Zimmermann. 2002. Managing migration in the European welfare state. In Immigration Policy and the Welfare System, ed. T. Boeri et al. New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Busse, Matthias, and Sebastian Braun. 2003a. Export structure, FDI, and child labor. Hamburg Institute of International Economics, discussion paper 216 (January).
50. Busse, Matthias. 2003b. Trade and investment effects of forced labor: An empirical assessment. International Labor Review 142 (1): 49-71.
51. Carrington, William J., and Enrica Detragiache. 1998. How big is the brain drain? International Monetary Fund working paper no. 201. Washington, D.C.
52. Caves, Richard E. 1996. Multinational enterprise and economic analysis, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
53. Chang, Leslie T. 2005. A migrant worker sees rural home in a new light. Wall Street Journal, June 8: A1, A12.
54. Chiswick, Barry R., and Timothy J. Hatton. 2003. International migration and the integration of labor markets. In Globalization in Historical Perspective, ed. M. D. Bordo, A. M. Taylor, and J. G. Williamson, 65-117. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
55. Clerides, S. K., S. Lach, and J. R. Tybout. 1998. Is learning by exporting important? micro-dynamic evidence from Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco. Quarterly Journal of Economics 113 (3): 903-947.
56. Cline, William R. 1997. Trade and income distribution. Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C.
57. Cline, William R. 2004. Trade policy and global poverty. Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C.
58. Conley, T., and E. Ligon. 2002. Economic distance and cross-country spillovers. Journal of Economic Growth 7: 157-187.
59. Conyon, Martin, Sourafel Girma, Steve Thompson, and Peter Wright. 1999. The impact of foreign acquisition on wages and productivity in the UK. Center for Research on Globalization and Labor Markets research paper 99/8. Nottingham, England.
60. Costa, Dora L., and Matthew E. Kahn. 2002. Changes in the value of life, 1940-1980. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 9396 (December). Cambridge, Mass.
61. Criscuolo, Chiara, Jonathan Haskel, and Matthew J. Slaughter. 2005. Global engagement and the innovation activities of firms. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 11479 (July). Cambridge, Mass.
62. Dean, Jason, and Pui-Wing Tam. 2005. The laptop trail. Wall Street Journal, June 9: B1, B8.
63. Deaton, Angus. 2004. Measuring poverty in a growing world (or measuring growth in a poor world). Research Program in Development Studies, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, February.
64. De Grauwe, Paul, and Filip Camerman. 2003. How big are the big multinational companies? World Economics 4 (2): 23-37.
65. Dehejia, Rajeev H., and Roberta Gatti. 2002. Child labor: The role of income variability and access to credit across countries. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 9018 (June). Cambridge, Mass.
66. Docquier, Frederic, Olivier Lohest, and Abdeslam Marfouk. 2005. Brain drain in developing regions (1990-2000). IZA discussion paper no. 1668 (July).
67. Docquier, Frederic, and Abdeslam Marfouk. 2004. Measuring the international mobility of skilled workers (1990-2000)-Release 1.0. World Bank Policy Research working paper 3382. Washington, D.C.
68. Docquier, Frederic, and Hillel Rappaport. 2004. Skilled migration: The perspective of developing countries. World Bank Policy Research working paper 3381. Washington, D.C.
69. Doms, Mark E., and J. Bradford Jensen. 1998. Comparing wages, skills, and productivity between domestically and foreign-owned manufacturing establishments in the United States. In Geography and Ownership as Bases for Economic Accounting, ed. R. E. Baldwin, R. E. Lipsey, and J. D. Richardson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
70. Dumont, J. C., and Lemaître G. 2005. Counting immigrants and expatriates:A new perspective. OECD Social, Employment, and Migration working paper. Directorate for Employment Labor and Social Affairs. Paris.
71. Easterly, William. 2002. The elusive quest for growth. Cambridge: MIT Press.
72. Easterly W., and R. Levine. 1997. Africa's growth tragedy: Policies and ethnic divisions. Quarterly Journal of Economics 111 (4): 1203-1250.
73. Edmonds, Eric V. 2003a. Child labor in South Asia. OECD Social, Employment, and Migration, working paper no. 5. Paris.
74. Edmonds, Eric V. 2003b. Does child labor decline with improving economic status? National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 10134. Cambridge, Mass.
75. Edmonds, Eric, and Nina Pavcnik. 2002. Does globalization increase child labor? Evidence from Vietnam. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper No. 8760 (February). Cambridge, Mass.
76. Edmonds, Eric. 2005. Child labor in the global economy. Journal of Economic Perspectives 19 (1): 199-220.
77. Edwards, Sebastian. 1998. Openness, productivity, and growth: What do we really know? Economic Journal 108 (March): 383-398.
78. Ehrenberg, Ronald. 1994. Labor markets and integrating national economies. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
79. Elliot, Kimberly Ann. 2001. Fin(d)ing our way on trade and labor standards? Policy brief no. PB01-5. Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C.
80. Elliott, Kimberly Ann, and Richard B. Freeman. 2003. Can labor standards improve under globalization? Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C.
81. Faini, Riccardo. 2003. Is the brain drain an unmitigated blessing? WIDER discussion paper no. 2003/64 (September).
82. Feenstra, Robert C., and Gordon H. Hanson. 2001. Global production sharing and rising inequality: A survey of trade and wages. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 8372 (July). Cambridge, Mass.
83. Feliciano, Zadia, and Robert E. Lipsey. 1999. Foreign ownership and wages in the United States, 1987-1992. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 6923. Cambridge, Mass.
84. Fields, Gary S. 1995. Trade and labor standards: A review of the issues. OECD, Paris.
85. Fireman, Paul. 2005. What we can do about Burma. Wall Street Journal, June 7: C2.
86. Flanagan, Robert J. 1993. European wage equalization since the treaty of Rome. In Labor and an Integrated Europe, ed. Lloyd Ulman, Barry Eichengreen, and William T. Dickens, 167-187. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
87. Flanagan, Robert J. 1999. Macroeconomic performance and collective bargaining: An international perspective. Journal of Economic Literature 37 (September): 1150-1175.
88. Flanagan, Robert J. 2001. HR practices in global organizations. Working paper, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University.
89. Flanagan, Robert J. 2003a. Labor standards and international competitive advantage. In International Labor Standards: Globalization, Trade and Public Policy, ed. Robert J. Flanagan and William B. Gould IV, 15-59. Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press.
90. Flanagan, Robert J. 2003b. Macroeconomic performance and labor unions. In International handbook of trade unions, ed. John Addison and Claus Schnabel, 172-196. London: Edward Elgar.
91. Flanagan, Robert J. 2005. Has management strangled U.S. unions? Journal of Labor Research 26 (winter): 33-63.
92. Freedom House. 2005. Online. Available: http://www.freedomhouse.org/.
93. Galli, Rossana, and David Kucera. 2003. Informal employment in Latin America: Movements over business cycles and the effects of worker rights. Institute for Labor Studies discussion paper 145. Geneva.
94. Girma, Sourafel, and Holger Görg. 2003. Evaluating the causal effects of foreign acquisition on domestic skilled and unskilled wages.IZA, discussion paper no. 903 (October.)
95. Glewwe, Paul. 2000. Are foreign-owned businesses in Vietnam really sweatshops? Minnesota Agricultural Economist 701 (summer): 1-4.
96. Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou, and Nina Pavcnik. 2003. The response of the informal sector to trade liberalization. Journal of Development Economics 72 (December): 463-496.
97. Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou. 2004. Trade, inequality, and poverty: What do we know? Evidence from recent trade liberalization episodes in developing countries. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 10593 (June). Cambridge, Mass.
98. Golub, Stephen. 1997. Are international labor standards needed to prevent social dumping? Finance and Development (December): 20-23.
99. Görg, Holger, and Eric Strobl. 2001. Multinational corporations and productivity spillovers: A meta analysis. Economic Journal 111 (November): F723-739.
100. Görg, Holger. 2005. Spillovers from foreign firms through worker mobility: An empirical investigation. Scandinavian Journal of Economics 107 (4): 693-709.
101. Görg, Holger, Eric Strobl, and Frank Walsh. 2002. Why do foreign-owned firms pay more? The role of on-the-job training.IZA, discussion paper No. 590 (October.)
102. Gross, James A., ed. 2003. Workers' rights as human rights. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press.
103. Guest, Robert. 2004. How to make Africa smile: A survey of sub-Saharan Africa. Economist (January): 3-16.
104. Hahn, Chin Hee. 2004. Exporting and performance of plants: Evidence from Korean manufacturing. National Bureau of Research working paper no. 10208 (January). Cambridge, Mass.
105. Hamermesh, Daniel S. 1993. Labor demand. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
106. Hamilton, B., and J. Whalley. 1984. Efficiency and distributional implications of global restrictions on labor mobility. Calculations and policy implications. Journal of Development Economics 14: 61-75.
107. Hammitt, James, Jin-Tan Liu, and Jin-Long Liu. 2000. Survival is a luxury good: The increasing value of a statistical life. Unpublished manuscript. School of Public Health, Harvard University.
108. Hanson, Gordon H. 2005. Emigration, labor supply, and earnings in Mexico. National Bureau of Research working paper no. 11412 (June). Cambridge, Mass.
109. Harms, Philipp, and Heinrich W. Ursprung. 2002. Do civil and political repression really boost foreign direct investments? Economic Inquiry 40 (4): 651-663.
110. Harvard Business School. 1999. The Han Young labor dispute (A). Case no. 9-799-084. Harvard Business School, Cambridge, Mass.
111. Harvard Business School. 2000. The Han Young labor dispute (B). Case no. 9-700-018. Harvard Business School, Cambridge, Mass.
112. Haskel, Jonathan E., Sonia C. Pereira, and Matthew J. Slaughter. 2000. Does inward foreign direct investment boost the productivity of domestic firms? National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 8724. Cambridge, Mass.
113. Hassel, Anke. 1999. The erosion of the German system of industrial relations. British Journal of Industrial Relations 37 (September): 483-505.
114. Hatton, T. J., and J. G. Williamson. 1998. The age of mass migration: An economic analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
115. Hatton, T. J. 2001. Demographic and economic pressure on migration out of Africa. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 8124 (February). Cambridge, Mass.
116. Hatton, T. J. 2004. International migration in the long run: Positive selection, negative selection, and policy. Paper delivered to Kiel Institute, Kiel, Germany, May 2004.
117. Hatton, T. J. 2006. World mass migration: Two centuries of policy and performance. Cambridge: MIT Press.
118. Hauk, Jr., William R., and Romain Wacziarg. 2003. A Monte Carlo study of growth regressions. Working paper, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University (October).
119. Heckman, James J., and Carmen Pages (Eds). 2004. Law and employment:Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
120. Heckscher, Eli F., and Bertil Ohlin. 1991. Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory. Trans.
121. Harry Flam and June Flanders. Cambridge: MIT Press.
122. Hellman, Joel S., Geraint Jones, and Daniel Kaufmann. 2002. Far from home:Do foreign investors import higher standards of governance in transition economies? Working paper, World Bank (August). Washington, D.C.
123. Heston, Alan, Robert Summers, and Bettina Aten. 2002. Penn world table version 6.1. Center for International Comparisons at the University of Pennsylvania (CICUP) (October).
124. Human Rights Center. 2004. Hidden slaves: Forced labor in the United States. Berkeley, Calif.
125. Hymer, S. H. 1960. The international operations of national firms: A study of direct foreign investment. Ph.D. diss., MIT Economics Department.
126. International Country Risk Guide. 2005. Available at http://www.prsgroup.com/icrg/icrg.html.
127. International Labor Organization (ILO) website. Available at http://www.ilo.org/.
128. International Institute for Management Development (IMD). 1992. The world competitiveness report, 1992. World Economic Forum. Geneva.
129. International Institute for Management Development (IMD). 2003. The world competitiveness yearbook, 2003. Institute for Management Development. Lausanne.
130. International Labor Office (ILO). 1999. Export Processing Zones. Geneva.
131. International Labor Office (ILO). 2001. Yearbook of labor statistics. Geneva.
132. International Labor Office (ILO). 2002. Women and men in the informal economy: A statistical picture. Geneva.
133. International Labor Office (ILO). 2003a. Employment and social policy in respect of export processing zones (EPZs). Committee on Employment and Social Policy. Document No. GB.286/ESP/3 (March). Geneva.
134. International Labor Office (ILO). 2003b. Key indicators in the labor market. Geneva.
135. International Labor Office (ILO). 2004a. A fair globalization: Creating opportunities for all. Report of the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization. Geneva.
136. International Labor Office (ILO). 2004b. Towards a fair deal for migrant workers in the global economy. Geneva.
137. International Labor Office (ILO). 2005. A global alliance against forced labor.Geneva.
138. Iregui, Ana María. 2003. Efficiency gains from the elimination of global restrictions on labor mobility: An analysis using a multiregional CGE model. World Institute for Development Economics Research discussion paper no. 2003/27 (March). Helsinki, Finland.
139. Jacobson, Louis. 1998. Compensation programs. In Imports, Exports, and the American Worker, ed. S. M. Collins, 473-537. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
140. Jacoby, Hanan. 1994. Borrowing constraints and progress through school:Evidence from Peru. Review of Economics and Statistics 76 (1): 151-160.
141. Kletzer, Lori G. 2004. Trade-related job loss and wage insurance: A synthetic review. Review of International Economics 12 (5): 724-748.
142. Kucera, David. 2002. Core labor standards and foreign direct investment. International Labor Review 141 (1-2): 31-70.
143. Kurdelbusch, Antje. 2002. Multinationals and the rise of variable pay in Germany. European Journal of Industrial Relations 8 (3): 325-349.
144. Krugman, Paul R., and Maurice Obstfeld. 2003. International economics:Theory and policy, 6th ed. New York: Addison-Wesley.
145. LaFraniere, Sharon. 2005. Nightmare for African women: Birthing injury and little help. New York Times, Sept. 28, p. A3.
146. Landes, David. 1998. The wealth and poverty of nations. New York: W. W. Norton.
147. La Porta, R., F. Lopez-de-Silanes, A. Shleifer, and R. W. Vishny. 1999. The quality of government. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 12: 1074-1078.
148. Layard, Richard, and Stephen Nickell. 1999. Labor market institutions and economic performance. In Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3C, ed. Orley Ashenfelter, and David Card. Amsterdam: North Holland.
149. Lewis, W. Arthur. 1955. Theory of economic growth. London: George Allen and Unwin.
150. Lim, L. C. 2001. The globalization debate. ILO, Geneva.
151. Lindert, Peter H. and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 2003. Does globalization make the world more unequal? In Globalization in Historical Perspective, ed. M.D. Bordo, A. M. Taylor, and J. G. Williamson, 227-271. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
152. Lipsey, Robert E. 2002. Home and host country effects of FDI. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 9293. Cambridge, Mass.
153. Lipsey Robert E., and Fredrik Sjoholm. 2001. Foreign direct investment and wages in Indonesian manufacturing. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 8299. Cambridge, Mass.
154. Lipsey Robert E. 2002. Foreign firms and Indonesian manufacturing wages:An analysis with panel data. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 9417 (December). Cambridge, Mass.
155. Liu, Minquan, Luodan Xu, and Liu Liu. 2003. Labor standards and FDI in China: Some survey findings. In The Impact of Trade on Labor, ed. Rana Hasan and Devashish Mitra, 189-243. Amsterdam: North Holland.
156. Longhi, Simonetta, Peter Nijkamp, Jacques Poot. 2004. A meta-analytic assessment of the effect of immigration on wages. Tinbergen Institute, discussion paper no. 2004-134/3.
157. Lorentzen, Peter, John McMillan, and Romain Wacziarg. 2004. Death and development. Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, working paper (October).
158. MacIsaac, D., and M. Rama. 1997. Determinants of hourly earnings in Ecuador: The role of labor market regulations. Journal of Labor Economics 15 (3-Part Two).
159. Maloney, William F., and Jairo Nunez Mendez. 2004. Measuring the impact of minimum wages: Evidence from Latin America. In Law and employment:Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean, ed. James J. Heckman and Carmen Pages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 109-130.
160. Markel, D. 1994. Finally, a national labor law. China Business Review 21: 46-49.
161. Markusen, James R. 2002. Multinational firms and the theory of international trade. Cambridge: MIT Press.
162. Martin, Philip. 2005. Globalization and guest workers: Migration for employment in the twenty-first century. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
163. Martin, Philip, and Jonas Widgren. 2002. International migration: Facing the challenge. Population Bulletin 57 (1): 3-40.
164. Maskus, Keith E. 2000. Should core labor standards be imposed through international trade policy? World Bank working paper. Washington, D.C.
165. Milanovic, Branko. 2005. Worlds apart: Measuring international and global inequality. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
166. Milanovic, Branko, and Lyn Squire. 2005. Does tariff liberalization increase wage inequality? Some empirical evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 11046 (January). Cambridge, Mass.
167. Mishra, Prashi. 2003. Emigration and wages in source countries: Evidence from Mexico. Manuscript, Department of Economics, Columbia University (Oct. 1).
168. Montenegro, Claudio E., and Carmen Pages. 2004. Who benefits from labor market regulations? Chile, 1960-1998. In Law and employment: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean, ed. James J. Heckman and Carmen Pages, pp. 401-434. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
169. Moran, Theodore H. 2004. Trade agreements and labor standards. Policy brief #133. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
170. National Academy of Sciences. 2004. Monitoring international labor standards: Techniques and sources of information. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
171. Nicoletti, Giuseppe, Andrea Bassanini, Ekkehard Ernst, Sébastien Jean, Paulo Santiago, and Paul Swaim. 2001. Product and labor markets interactions in OECD countries. OECD Economics Department working paper no. 312 (December). Paris.
172. North, Douglass. 1991. Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
173. Obstfeld, Maurice, and Alan M. Taylor. 2003. Globalization and capital markets. In Globalization in Historical Perspective, ed. Michael D. Bordo, Alan M. Taylor, and Jeffrey G. Williamson, 122-183. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
174. O'Leary, Christopher J., Paul Decker, and Stephen A. Wandner. 1998. Reemployment bonuses and profiling. Staff working paper no. 98-51. Upjohn Institute, Kalamazoo, Mich.
175. Oostendorp, Remco. 2004. Globalization and the gender wage gap. Working paper, Amsterdam Institute for International Development, Free University of Amsterdam (January).
176. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 1996. Trade, employment, and labor standards: A study of core worker's rights and international trade. Paris.
177. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 1998. Employment outlook. Paris.
178. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 1999a. Employment outlook. Paris.
179. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 1999b. Open markets matter. Paris.
180. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2000. The guidelines for multinational enterprises, revision 2000. Paris.
181. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2002. Measuring globalization: The role of multinationals in OECD economies, 2001.Paris.
182. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2003. Employment outlook. Paris.
183. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2005. Employment outlook. Paris.
184. O'Rourke, Kevin H. 2003. Heckscher-Ohlin theory, and individual attitudes towards globalization. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 9872 (July). Cambridge, Mass.
185. O'Rourke, Kevin, and Jeffrey Williamson. 1999. Globalization and history: The evolution of a nineteenth-century Atlantic economy. Cambridge: MIT Press.
186. Pierre, Gaëlle, and Stefano Scarpetta. 2004. Employment regulations through the eyes of employers. Do they matter and how do firms respond to them? World Bank Policy Research working paper no. 3463 (December). Washington, D.C.
187. Posner, Michael, and Justine Nolan. 2003. Can codes of conduct play a role in promoting workers' rights? In International Labor Standards: Globalization, Trade, and Public Policy, ed. Robert J. Flanagan and William B. Gould IV, 207-226. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
188. Potter, Edward E. 2003. A pragmatic assessment from the employers' perspective. In Workers' Rights as Human Rights, ed. James A. Gross, 118-135. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press.
189. Psacharopoulos, George. 1985. Returns to education: A further international update and implications. Journal of Human Resources 20: 583-604.
190. Psacharopoulos, George, and Harry A. Patrinos. 2002. Returns to investment in education: A further update. World Bank Policy Research working paper 2881 (September). Washington, D.C.
191. Ravallon, Martin, and Quentin Wodon. 1999. Does child labor displace schooling? World Bank Policy Research working paper No. 2116 (May). Washington, D.C.
192. Rodrik, Dani. 1996. Labor standards in international trade: Do they matter and what do we do about them? In Emerging Agenda for Global Trade: High Stakes for Developing Countries, ed. R. Z. Lawrence, D. Rodrik, and J. Whalley. Policy essay no. 20. Overseas Development Council, Washington, D.C.
193. Rodrik, Dani. 1999. Democracies pay higher wages. Quarterly Journal of Economics 114 (3): 707-738.
194. Rogers, Carol Ann, and Kenneth A. Swinnerton. 2004. Does child labor decrease when parental incomes rise? Journal of Political Economy 112 (4): 939-946.
195. Roy, A. D. 1951. Some thoughts on the distribution of earnings. Oxford Economic Papers 3: 135-146.
196. Sachs, Jeffrey D., and Andrew Warner. 1995. Economic reform and the process of global integration. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1: 1-95.
197. Sala-i-Martin, Xavier. 2002. The world distribution of income (estimated from individual country distributions). National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 8933 (May). Cambridge, Mass.
198. Sala-i-Martin, Xavier, Gernot Doppelhofer, and Ronald I. Miller. 2004. Determinants of long-term growth: A Bayesian averaging of classical estimates (BACE) approach. American Economic Review 94 (4): 813-835.
199. Samuelson, Paul A. 1948. International trade and the equalization of factor prices. Economic Journal 58: 163-184.
200. Schank, Thorsten, Claus Schnabel, and Joachim Wagner. 2004. Exporting firms do not pay higher wages, ceteris paribus. First evidence from linked employer-employee data. IZA, discussion paper no. 1185 (June).
201. Scheve, Kenneth F., and Matthew J. Slaughter. 2001. Labor market competition and individual preferences over immigration policy. Review of Economics and Statistics 83: 133-145.
202. Schneider, Friedrich, and Dominik Enste. 2002. The shadow economy: An international survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
203. Smith, A. [1776] 1976. The wealth of nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
204. Spero, Sterling D., and Abram L. Harris. 1931. The black worker. New York:Columbia University Press.
205. Srinivasan, T. N. 1996. Trade and human rights. Economic Growth Center, discussion paper no. 765. Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
206. Stern, Robert M. 1996. Issues of trade and international labor standards in the WTO system. School of Public Policy discussion paper no. 387. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
207. Stolper, Wolfgang, and Paul A. Samuelson. 1941. Protection and real wages. Review of Economic Studies (November): 51-68.
208. Swepston, Lee. 2003. Closing the gap between international law and U.S. labor law. In Workers' Rights as Human Rights, ed. James Gross, 53-77. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press.
209. Te Velde, Dirk Willem, and Oliver Morrissey. 2001. Foreign ownership and wages: Evidence from five African countries. Center for Research in Economic Development and International Trade working paper no. 01/19. University of Nottingham, England.
210. Thaler, Richard, and Sherwin Rosen. 1975. The value of saving a life:Evidence from the labor market. In Household Production and Consumption, ed. N. E. Terleckyj, 265-300. New York: Columbia University Press.
211. Thurow, Roger. 2005. Married at 11, a teen in Niger returns to school. Wall Street Journal, June 13: A1.
212. Timmer, Ashley S., and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 1998. Immigration policy prior to the 1930s: Labor markets, policy interactions, and globalization backlash. Population and Development Review 24 (4): 739-771.
213. Tsou, Meng-Wen, Jin-Tan Liu, and James K. Hammitt. 2002. Exporting and productivity. Mimeographed. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, December.
214. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 1993. World investment report, 1992. New York.
215. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2000. World investment report, 1999. New York.
216. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2002a. Are transnationals bigger than countries? Press release TAD/INF/PR/47, Dec. 8.
217. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2002b. World investment report, 2002. New York.
218. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2003. World investment report. New York.
219. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). 2001. International yearbook of industrial statistics. New York.
220. United Nations (UN). 1948. Universal declaration of human rights.
221. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2004. World economic and social survey 2004: International migration. New York.
222. United Nations Population Division. 2000. Replacement migration: Is it a solution to declining and ageing populations? Doc. ESA/P/WP.160. New York.
223. United Nations Population Division. 2002. International migration report 2002. New York.
224. United States Commission for the Study of International Migration and Cooperative Economic Development. 1990. Unauthorized migration: An economic development response. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
225. Van Biesebroeck, Johannes. 2003. Exporting raises productivity in Sub-Saharan African manufacturing plants. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 10020 (October). Cambridge, Mass.
226. Van Liemt, Gijsbert. 2004. Human trafficking in Europe: An economic perspective.Available at http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/DECLARATIONWEB.DOWNLOAD BLOB?Var DocumentID=3501
227. Viscusi, W. Kip, and Joseph E. Aldy. 2003. The value of a statistical life: A critical review of market estimates throughout the world. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 9487 (February). Cambridge, Mass.
228. Visser, Jelle. 2003. Unions and unionism around the world. In International handbook of trade unionism, ed. John Addison and Claus Schnabel, pp. 68-99. London: Edward Elgar.
229. Wacziarg, Romain, and Jessica Seddon Wallack. 2004. Trade liberalization and intersectoral labor movements. Journal of International Economics (December): 411-439.
230. Wacziarg, Romain, and Karen Horn Welch. 2003. Trade liberalization and growth: New evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 10152 (December). Cambridge, Mass.
231. Waldman, Amy. 2005. Sri Lankan maids' high prize for foreign jobs. New York Times, May 8: 1.
232. Weber, Max. 1959. The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
233. Weichselbaumer, Doris, and Rudolf Winter-Ebner. 2003. A meta-analysis of the international gender wage gap. IZA, discussion paper no. 906 (October).
234. Williamson, Jeffrey G. 1995. The evolution of global labor markets since 1830: Background evidence and hypotheses. Explorations in Economic History 32: 141-196.
235. Williamson, Jeffrey G. 2002. Land, labor, and globalization in the Third World, 1870-1940. Journal of Economic History 62 (March): 55-86.
236. Winters, L. Alan, Terrie L. Walmsley, Zhen Kun Wang, and Roman Grynberg. 2003. Liberalizing temporary movement of natural persons. World Economy 26 (8): 1137-1161.
237. Wolf, Martin. 2004. Why globalization works. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
238. World Bank. 2001a. World development indicators. Washington, D.C.
239. World Bank. 2001b. World development report 2000/2001. Washington, D.C.
240. World Bank. 2003. Global development finance 2003. Washington, D.C.
241. World Bank. 2004. World development indicators. Online database. Available at http://devdata.worldbank.org/dataonline/.
242. Yardley, Jim, and David Barboza. 2005. Help wanted: China finds itself with a labor shortage. New York Times, April 3, pp. A1, A10.
243. Zhou, Li. 2003. Why do exporting firms pay higher wages? Mimeographed. Emory University, Atlanta.