China's energy geopolitics: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Central Asia

China's Energy Geopolitics: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Central Asia

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-167

  Marketos, Thrassy N ^a  

^a Centre d Etudes Diplomatiques et Stratégiques   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917205771     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203894286     Document Type: Book

References (160)

1. Afrasiabi, K., 'China rocks the geopolitical boat', Asia Times Online, 6 November 2004 (http://www.atimes. com/atimes/Middle_East/FK06Ak01.html).
2. Amineh, M. P., Globalization, Geopolitics and Energy Security in Central Eurasia and the Caspian Region, The Hague: Clingendael International Energy Program, 2003.
3. Amineh, M. P. and Houweling, H., 'Caspian Energy: Oil and Gas Resources and the Global Market', in Amineh, M. P. and Houweling, H. (eds), Central Eurasia in Global Politics: Conflict, Security and Development, Koninklijke Brill NV: Leiden, 2005.
4. Amineh, M. P. and Houweling, H., 'The Geopolitics of Power Projection in US Foreign Policy: From Colonization to Globalization', in Amineh, M. P. and Houweling, H. (eds), Central Eurasia in Global Politics: Conflict, Security and Development, Koninklijke Brill NV: Leiden, 2005.
5. Andryushin, I. A. et al., Yadernoye razoruzheniye, nerasprostraneniye i natsionalaya bezopasnost, [Nuclear Disarmament and National Security], Moscow: Institut strategicheskoy stabilnosti, 2002.
6. Armitage, R. L., 'Statement at Conclusion of China Visit', Beijing, 26 August, 2002.
7. Bahgat, G., 'Central Asia and Energy Security', Asian Affairs, 37, 1, 2006.
8. Bananaj, H., 'Iran Behind the Great Wall of China', Sharq, in FBIS-NES, 30 November, 2004.
9. Baskakov, V., 'Raketno-yadernyy arsenal Pekina' [Beijing's Arsenal of Nuclear Rockets], Nezavisimoe voennoye obozrenie [Independent Military Review], 12 July 2002.
10. Beehner, L., 'The Rise of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization', Backgrounder, Council on Foreign Relations, 12 June 2006.
11. Berlin, D. L., 'India in the Indian Ocean', Naval War College Review, March 2006.
12. Bhadrakumar, M. K., '"The Great Game" comes to South Asia', Asia Times Online, 24 May 2006.
13. Birol, F., 'China Presentation', World Energy Outlook 2004 Paris: International Energy Agency, 2004.
14. Blagov, S., 'Russia Wants to be More than China's Source of Raw materials', Eurasia Daily Monitor, 30 September, 2005.
15. Blagov, S., 'Shanghai Cooperation Organization and its Future', (http://www.eurasianet. org), 29 April 2002.
16. Blank, S., 'China, Kazakh Energy and Russia: An Unlikely Ménage a Trois', The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 3, 3, November, 2005.
17. Blank, S., 'Islam Karimov and the Heirs of Tiananmen', Eurasia Daily Monitor, 2, 115, 14 June 2005.
18. Blank, S., 'Russia, China and Central Asia: the Strange Alliance', CEF Quarterly (China-Eurasia Forum), October 2004.
19. Blank, S., 'The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and its Future', Central Asia and Caucasus Analyst, 22 May 2002.
20. Blank, S., 'The Shanghai Cooperation Organization: cracks behind facade', EurasiaNet, 21 June 2006 (http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav062106.shtml).
21. Blank, S., Energy, Economics, and Security in Central Asia: Russia and its Rivals, Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 1995.
22. Blank, S., 'Turkmenistan Completes China's Triple Play in Energy', China Brief, 6, 10, 2006.
23. Bohr, A., 'Regionalism in Central Asia: New Geopolitics, Old Regional Order', International Affairs, 80, 3, 2004.
24. Borisova, E., 'Vertikal vlasti: Vid snizu' [The Power Vertical: The View from Below], Ekspert, 21 March 2005.
25. Brower, D., 'Impossible Bedfellows', Petroleum Economist, April 2007.
26. Brusilovskaya, E., 'Phenomenon of the Shanghai Spirit', Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 16 June 2006 (http://www.kazpravda.kz/index.php?uin = 1152520370&chapter = 1150407840&act = archive_date&day = 16&month = 06&year = 2006).
27. Brzezinski, Z., 'The Grand Chessboard: American Primary and Its Geostrategic Implications', Basic Books, 1997.
28. Calabrese, J., 'China and Iran: Mismatched Partners', The Jamestown Foundation, Occasional Papers, (August 2006).
29. Canas, V., 'NATO and Kazakhstan', Report no. 165 CDS 05 E, 2005 Annual Session of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly (http://www.natopa.int/Default.asp? SHORTCUT = 678); and NATO, 'Individual Partnership Action Plans' (http://www.nato.int/issues/ipap/index.html).
30. Caruso, G. F. and Doman, L. E., 'Global Energy Supplier and the U.S. Market', Economic Perspectives, May 2004.
31. Changqing, Z., 'China's Strategic Interests in Central Asia', Central and West Asia Studies, No. 2, 2005.
32. Chouvy, P.-A., 'Opiate Smuggling Routes from Afghanistan to Europe and Asia', Jane's Intelligence Review, 1 March 2003.
33. Christoffersen G, 'Problems & Prospects for Northeast Asian Energy Cooperation', Paper presented at IREX, 23 March 2000.
34. Chunrong, T., '2005 nian zhongguo shiyou jinchukou zhuangkuang fenxi' [Analysis of China's Oil Import and Export in 2005], Guoji Shiyou Jingji [International Petroleum Economics] 14, 3, 2006.
35. Chunrong, T., 'An Analysis of China's Oil Imports and Exports in 2003' [in Chinese], International Petroleum Economics, 3, 2004.
36. Chunrong, T., 'Analyses on China's Oil Import and Export in 2002 year', International Petroleum Economics, 3, 2003.
37. CIA World Factbook (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2108rank. html).
38. Cole, B. D., 'Chinese Naval Modernization and Energy Security', Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, 2006 Pacific Symposium, Washington, DC, 20 June 2006.
39. Cornell, S. E., 'Eurasia Crisis and Opportunity', The Journal of International Security Affairs, 11, Fall, 2006.
40. Cornell, S. E., Tsereteli, M. and Socor, V., 'Geostrategic Implications of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline', in S. Frederick Starr and Svante E. Cornell (eds), The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline: Oil Window to the West, Washington: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program, 2005).
41. Cutler, R. M., 'Emerging Triangles: Russia-Kazakhstan-China', (http://www. atimes.com), 2004.
42. Daftari, M., 'Sino-Iranian Relations and "Encounters": Past and Present', The Iranian Journal of International Affairs, 7, 4, Winter 1996.
43. Daojiong, Z., China's Oil Security: International Political and Economic Analysis, Beijing: Contemporary World Press, 2005.
44. Dinmore, G. and Sevastopulo, D., 'Asian Neighbours Look Beyond Symbolism', Financial Times, 9 February 2005.
45. Dwivedi, R., 'China's Central Asia Policy in Recent Times', China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 4, 4, 2006.
46. Energy Information Administration, China Energy Data, Statistics, and Analysis: Oil Gas, Electricity and Coal. Washington DC: EIA, August 2006.
47. Engdahl, F. W., 'China lays down gauntlet in energy war', Asia Times Online, 21 December 2005.
48. Engdahl, F. W., 'The US's geopolitical nightmare', Asia Times Online, 9 May 2006.
49. EU Observer, 'EU launches new Central Asia policy in Kazakhstan', 28 March 2007 (http://euobserver.com/9/23805).
50. Fang, Y., 'Youkesi: liushui luohua chun quye' [Yukos: Swept Away], Zhongguo shiyou shihua banyuekan [China Oil and Petrochemical Fortnightly], 16, 2006.
51. Fangtong, J. and Xinguang, Z., 'Central Asian Non-traditional Security Cooperation in Post-Cold War Scenario', World Economics and Politics, 5, 2004.
52. Feigenbaum, E., 'Central Asian Economic Integration: An American Perspective', Presentation at the W. P. Carey Forums Hosted by CACI, Johns Hopkins University, February 6, 2007 (http://www.sais-jhu.edu/centers/caci/audio. html).
53. Fokina, K., Lavrov, A. and Sargin, A., 'Vertikal vlasti opyat ukreplyayut' [They Are Strengthening the Power Vertical Again], Gazeta, 8 September 2006.
54. French, H., 'China Promotes another Boom: Nuclear Power', New York Times, 15 January 2005.
55. Garver, J. W., 'The Gestalt of Sino-Indian Relationship', in Carolyn W. Pumphrey (ed.), The Rise of China in Asia: Security Implications, Strategic Studies Institute, 2002.
56. Gavrilov, Y., 'Yadernyy arsenal obnovyat polnostyu', [The Nuclear Arsenal will Be Fully Renewed], Rossiyskaya Gazeta [The Russian Newspaper], 14 April 2006.
57. Gill, B. and Oresman, M., 'China's New Journey to the West', CSIS Report, August 2003.
58. Gladley, D. C., China's Uyghur Problem and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearings, Washington DC, 3 August 2006.
59. Goldstein, L. and Kozyrev, V., 'China, Japan and the Scramble for Siberia', Survival, 48, 1, 2006.
60. Grozin, A., 'Kazakhstan: national security problems', Central Asia and the Caucasus Journal, (http://www.ca-c.org/journal/cac-04-1999/st_11_grosin.shtml).
61. Gupta, S., 'Chinese Strategies for Resolution of the Taiwan and South China Sea Disputes', International Studies, 42, 3-4, 2005.
62. Harris, L. C., 'Xinjiang, Central Asia, and the Implications for China's Policy in the Islamic World', The China Quarterly, 133, 1993.
63. Harris, L. C., China Considers the Middle East, London: I.B. Tauris, 1993.
64. Hickey D., 'New Directions in China's Arms Export Policy: An Analysis of China's Military Ties with Iran', Asian Affairs: An American Review, 17, 1, 1990.
65. Hiro, D., Between Marx and Mohammad: The Changing Face of Central Asia, London: Harper Collins Publishers, 1994.
66. Hopkirk, P., The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia, Tokyo:Kodansha Intern, 1994.
67. Huntigton, S., The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.
68. Ilkhamov, A., 'Profit not Patronage: Chinese Interests in Uzbekistan', China Brief, 5, 20, 2005.
69. Ivanov, V., 'An Energy Community for Northeast Asia: From a Dream to Strategy', ERINA Report 52. (June 2003) (www.erina.or.jp/Jp/Research/db/rep15/RS-EE/04070.pdf) (30 October 2005).
70. Ivanov, V., 'Creating a Cohesive Multilateral Framework Through a New Energy Security Initiative for Northeast Asia', ERINA Report 55, December 2003. www.erina.or. jp/En/Research/Energy/Ivanov55.pdf (30 October 2005).
71. Jiang, W., China's Booming Energy Relations with Africa, China Brief, 6, 14, 2006.
72. Jianmin, N. (ed.), National Energy Security Report, Beijing: People's Publishing House, 2005.
73. Jullien, F. A., 'Treaties of Efficacy: Between Western and Chinese Thinking', Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004.
74. Kerr, D., 'The Sino-Russian Partnership and U.S. Policy Toward North Korea: From Hegemony to Concert in North-East Asia', International Studies Quarterly, 49, 3 September 2005.
75. Li, Y., 'Electricity Trade Flourishes', Xinhua, 23 March 2006.
76. Liao, X., 'The Petroleum Factor in Sino-Japanese Relations: Beyond Energy Cooperation', International Relations of Asia-Pacific, 7, 1 2006.
77. Lousianin, S. G., 'Energeticheskoe prostranstvo ShOS: K voprosu o razrabotke kontseptsii sozdaniya "Energeticheskogo Kluba" ShOS' [An SCO energy space:elaborating 'energy club' concept], Presentation at the SCO Business Council meeting, Moscow, 6 December 2006 (http://www.mgimo.ru/content1.asp?UID = {A9AE6E80-C881-42E4-87FA-BF398B38DD71}).
78. Lukin, A., 'Russia's Image of China and Russian-Chinese Relations', CNAPS Working Paper, May 2001, (http://www.brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/papers/lukinwp_01. pdf) (1 May 2007).
79. Maksutov, R., 'Schanghai Cooperation Organization: A Central Asian Perspective', A SIPRI Project Paper, SIPRI, August 2006, p. 8.
80. Maksutov, R., 'The U.S. Military Presence in Central Asia: Is there a competition with China?', MA Thesis, Bishkek OSCE: Academy, 20 June 2006.
81. Malashenko, A., 'Central Asia: no one wanted to win', Carnegie Endowment, Moscow, 16 January 2006, (http://www.carnegie.ru/ru/pubs/media/73630.htm).
82. Malik, M., Multilateralism Shanghaied, International Assessment and Strategy Center, 14 July 2006.
83. Marketos, T. N., 'The Geopolitical Components and the New Parameters of Russia's Relations with the Republics of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the post Cold War International Environment', Athens: Panteion University of Social Sciences, Department of International and European Studies, 2006.
84. Matusov, A., Energy Cooperation in the SCO: Club or Gathering?, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 5, 3 (2007), Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program.
85. McDermott, R., 'Uzbekistan hosts SCO anti-terrorist drill', Eurasia Daily Monitor, 14 March 2006, (http://www.jamestown.org/edm/article.php?volume_id = 414&issue_id = 3651&article_id = 2370865).
86. Menon, R., 'The New Great Game in Central Asia', Survival, 45, 2, Summer, 2003.
87. Mihalka, M., 'Not Much of a Game: Security Dynamics in Central Asia', China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 5, 2, 2007.
88. Mitchell, J., Beck, P. and Grubb, M., 'The New Geopolitics of Energy, Energy and Environment Programme', Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1996.
89. Mitchell, J., Morita, K., Selley, N. and Stern, J., 'The New Economy of Oil:Impacts on Business, Geopolitics and Society, Energy and Environment Programme', (The Royal Institute of International Affairs and Earthscan Publications Ltd., 2001).
90. Mohan, C. R., 'Why Delhi Must Rediscover Moscow', The Indian Express, 3 December 2005.
91. Morgenthau, H., Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, New York: Knopf, [1948] 1973.
92. Nazemroaya, M. D., 'The Sino-Russian Alliance: Challenging America's Ambitions in Eurasia', Global Research, 2007.
93. Niazi, T., 'China's March on South Asia', China Brief, 5, 9, 2005.
94. Niazi, T., 'Guadar: China's Naval Outpost on the Indian Ocean', China Brief, 5, 4, 2005.
95. Niazi, T., 'The Geostrategic Implications of the Baloch Insurgency', Terrorism Monitor, 4, 22 2006.
96. Niazi, T., 'Asia between China and India', Japan Focus, 31 May 2006.
97. Niazi, T., 'China, India, and the Future of South Asia', Japan Focus, 21 August 2005.
98. Nichol, J., Kazakhstan: Current Developments and U.S. Interests, CRS Report for Congress URL (http://www.ndu.edu/library/docs/crs/crs_971058f_04may04.pdf) Washington, DC: US Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 2004.
99. Noer, J. H. and Gregory D, Chokepoints: Maritime Economic Concerns in Southeast Asia, Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, in cooperation with the Center for Naval Analyses, 1996.
100. Norling, N., 'EU's Central Asia Policy: The Adoption of a Strategy Paper 2007-2013', Central Asia and Caucasus June 2007.
101. OECD, China in the Global Economy Challenges for China's Public Spending:Toward Greater Effectiveness and Equity, (www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/26/36228704. pdf) March 2006.
102. Oksana, A., 'Russia, Central Asia and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization', Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich, Russian Analytical Digest, 25, 17 July 2007 (www.res.ethz.ch).
103. Oliker, O. and Shlapak, D. A., U.S. Interests in Central Asia: Policy Priorities and Military Roles, Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation: 2005.
104. Orozaliev, B., 'Base alimony: Manas airport will cost the US 60% of Kyrgyzstan's budget', Gazeta Kommersant, no. 137 (http://www.kommersant.ru/registration/registration.html) 27 July 2005.
105. Ospanov, Y., 'Kazakhstan and NATO approved the Individual Partnership Action Plan', Kazinform, 11 February 2006.
106. Pan, G., 'A Chinese Perspective on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization', in Alyson, J. K., Bailes, A. J. K., Dunay, P., Guang, P. and Troitskiy, M. (eds), Shanghai Cooperation Orgaqnization, SIPRI Policy Paper No 17, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2007.
107. Pemani, H., 'Russia Turns to Iran for Oil Exports', Asia Times, 11 February 2003.
108. Peng, Y., 'Post-September 11 Sino-U.S. Ties', Contemporary International Relations, 11, 11, November, 2001.
109. Pentagon, Military Power of the People's Republic of China, Washington DC:Pentagon 2006.
110. People's Liberation Army Commander (Admiral Shi Yunsheng), quoted in 'Jiang Made the Final Decision on Adopting Offshore Defense Strategy', Tung Fang Jih Pao (Hong Kong), 24 August 2001, in FBIS-CPP20010824000062.
111. Ping, X. 'Analysis of China's Peripheral Security Environment', Journal of International Studies, 118, March, 2007.
112. Pomfret, R., 'Trade policies in Central Asia after EU enlargement and before Russian WTO accession: regionalism and integration into the world economy', Economic Systems, 29, 2005.
113. Reeker, P. T., U.S. Department of State press statement, 11 September 2002.
114. Ren, D., The Central Asia Policies of China, Russia and the USA, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Process: a View from China, Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
115. Revenko, E. 'Rossiya, Kitay, India: Novaya os mnogopolyarnogo mira', [Russia, China, India: New Axis of a Multipolar World], Vesti Nedeli [Week's News], 8 December 2002 (http://www.vesti7.ru/news?id = 1645) (29 March 2007).
116. Robertson, H., 'China and United States Develop Relations', The World Today Archive, 14 November 2001.
117. Rosbalt News Agency, 'Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are against a rash enlargement of the SCO', 30 May 2006, (http://www.rosbalt.ru/2006/05/30/255089.html).
118. Rosemberg, D., 'Resource Politics and Security Flashpoints in the South China Sea', in Carolyn W. Pumphrey (ed.), The Rise of China in Asia: Security Implications for the U.S., Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2002.
119. Rumer, E. B., 'American, Russian and European Interests in Central Asia and the Caucasus', The Aspen Institute, August 2006.
120. Sands, D. R., '"Strategic" accord planned for Nazarbaev's U.S. visit', Washington Times, 7 August 2006.
121. Sands, D. R., 'U.S., Kyrgyzstan reach deal on air base payment', Washington Times, 15 July 2006, (http://www.washtimes.com/world/20060714-100731-3908r.htm).
122. Shishkin, M., 'Vertikal vlasti izmerili v lyudyakh' [The Power Vertical Was Measured in People], Kommersant [Merchant], 12 April 2006.
123. Shumilin Al, 'Mnogopolyarnyy egoism' [Multipolar Egoism], Ekspert, 25 December 2000.
124. Sokov, N., 'The Not-So Great Game in Central Asia', Monterey Institute of International Studies, Ponars Policy Memo No. 403, December 2005.
125. Spechler, D. R. and Spechler, M. C., 'Trade, energy, and security in the Central Asian arena', in Tellis, A. J. and Wills, M. (eds), Strategic Asia 2006-07: Trade, Interdependence, and Security, Washington, DC: National Bureau of Asian Research, 2006.
126. Stern, J., 'Gas-OPEC: A Distraction from Important Issues of Russian Gas Supply to Europe', Oxford Energy Comment, February 2007, (http://www.oxfordenergy.org/pdfs/comment_0207-1.pdf) (17 August 2007).
127. Stobdan, P., 'China's Central Asia Dilemma', (http://www.idsa-india.org/an-jun8-7. html.2001).
128. Storey, I., 'China's 'Malacca Dilemma'", Jamestown Foundation, China Brief, 6, 8, 2006.
129. Swanstom, N. L. P., 'Regional Cooperation and Conflict Prevention', in Niklas L. P. Swanstom (ed.), Conflict Prevention and Conflict Management in Northeast Asia, Uppsala and Washington: CASI and SRSP, 2005.
130. Swanstom (ed.), 'An Asian Oil andGasUnion: Prospects and Problems', CEF Quarterly, 3, 3, 2005.
131. Swanstom (ed.), 'China and Central Asia: a New Great Game or Traditional Vassal Relations?', Journal of Contemporary China, 14, 45, November 2005.
132. Swanstom (ed.), 'China and Xinjiang after September 11', Nordic Institute for Asian Studies, 3, 2002.
133. Swanstom (ed.), 'The Prospects for Multicultural Conflict Prevention and Regional Cooperation in Central Asia', Central Asian Survey, 23, 1, March, 2004.
134. Swanstom (ed.), Regional Cooperation and Conflict Management: Lessons from the Pacific Rim, Uppsala: Department of Peace and Conflict Research: Uppsala University, 2002.
135. Swanstom, N. L. P., Norling, N. and Li, Z., 'China' in Starr, S. F. (ed.), The New Silk Roads: Transport and Trade in Greater Central Asia, Washington, DC: CASI & SRSP, 2007.
136. Tao, X., 'Central Asian Countries' Security Strategies and China's Western Border Security', Strategy and Management, 5, 2006.
137. Tarasov, A., 'Na vertikali vlasti rastut vetki nefti' [Oil Branches Are Growing on the Power Vertical], Novaya gazeta [New Newspaper], 3 July 2006.
138. Tonnesson, S. and Kolas, A., 'Energy Security in Asia: China, India, Oil and Peace', Report to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, April 2006, (www.prio.no/files/file47777_060420_energy_security_in_asia__final_.pdf) 5 November 2006.
139. Trenin, D., 'Russia Leaves the West', Foreign Affairs, 85, 4, 2006.
140. Troitskiy, M., 'A Russian Perspective on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization', in Alyson, J. K., Bailes, A. J. K., Dunay, P., Guang, P. and Troitskiy, M. (eds), Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SIPRI Policy Paper No 17, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2007.
141. Troush, S., 'China's Changing Oil Strategy and its Foreign Policy Implications', CNAPS Working Paper, The Brookings Institution, 1 July 1999, (http://www.Brook.ed/fpcnaps/papers/1999_troush.htim).
142. Tully, A., 'Central Asia: corruption, lack of vision seen as stunting economic growth', Yale Global, 11 October 2004, (http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id = 4676).
143. Waltz, K., 'Evaluating Theories', American Political Science Review, 91, 4, 1997.
144. Waltz, K., Theory of International Politics, London: Addison-Wesley, 1979.
145. Wardron, A., 'The Great Wall of China: From History to Myth', Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1990.
146. Weitz, R., 'Reading the Shanghai SCO summit', Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst, 12 July 2006, (http://www.cacianalyst.org/view_article.php?articleid = 4314&SMSESSION =NO).
147. Weitz, R., 'Shanghai summit fails to yieldNATO-style defence agreement', Jane's Intelligence Review, 18 August 2006, (http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir060724_1_n.shtml).
148. Wenyi, Q., 'Cong Youkesi shijian kan Pujing zhengfu dui guatou jingji de zhili' [What the Yukos Incident Says About the Putin's Government Economic Policies Towards Oligarchs], Shijie jingji [World Economics], 3 2004.
149. Wishnick, E., 'Smoke and mirrors in the Shanghai spirit', ISN Security Watch, 25 June 2006, (http://www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?id = 16434).
150. Xiangyang, C., 'Assessment of International Situation and China's Security Environment in 2005', Foreign Affairs Journal, 78, 24 December 2005.
151. Xing, G., 'Security Cooperation in Central Asia', Contemporary World, Iss. 282, 2005.
152. Xinwei, J., 'Sino-Russian Relations under the Framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization', Contemporary International Relations, State Council's Chinese Institute of Contemporary International Relations, 20 March 2007.
153. Xuetang, G., 'The Energy Security in Central Eurasia: The Geopolitical Implications to China's Energy Strategy', China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 4, 4, 2006.
154. Yang, L., 'Tehran seeks allies through energy co-operation offer', University of Alberta, China Institute, 16 June 2006, http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/chinainstitute/nav03. cfm?nav03 = 47074&nav02 = 43873&nav01 = 43092.
155. Yarov, D., 'Incident in Sary-Talaa: many questions few answers', 24 kg News Agency, 15 May 2006, (http://www.24.kg/glance/2006/05/15/1929.html).
156. Yujun, F., 'Laolao zhangwo zhanlue ziyuan kongzhiquan: Eluosi "Youkesi shijian" pouxi' [Firm Strategy for Right of Control of Natural Resources: Analysis of Russia's "Yukos Incident"], Guoji maoyi [International Trade], 9, 2004.
157. Zheng, Y. and Tok SK, 'China's "Peaceful Rise": Concept And Practice', Discussion Paper 1, China Policy Institute, University of Nottingham, November 2005 (http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/china-policy).
158. Zhiznin, S. Z., 'Fundamentals of Energy Diplomacy', 2 Volumes, 2003, Chinese Version, Translated by Qiang Xiaoyun, Shi Yajun, Chengjian et al., International Energy Politics and Diplomacy (East China Normal University Press, 2005).
159. Zicheng, Y. (ed.), Geopolitics and China's Foreign Policy, Beijing: Beijing Press, 1998.
160. Zongren, W., of the Academy of Military Science, cited in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), Report on The Military Power of the People's Republic of China, Report to Congress 2005.