Counterterrorism policies in central Asia

Counterterrorism Policies in Central Asia

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-177

  Omelicheva, Mariya Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917045905     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203844946     Document Type: Book

References (341)

1. Abdulatipov, R. (2001) "'Pamyatnoe Desyatiletie' Askara Akaeva. President Kirgizii ubezhden, shto universal'noi formuly demokratii ne suschestvuet" ['A Memorable Decade' by Askar Akaev. The President of Kirghizia asserts that there is no universal formula of democracy], Nezavisimaya Gazeta , 28 August. Online. Available at www.ng.ru/cis/2001-08-29/5_akaev.html (accessed 3 January 2009).
2. Adler, E. (2002) "Constructivism and International Relations", in W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse,and B.A. Simmons (eds) Handbook of International Relations , London: Sage.
3. Agyeman-Duah, B. and Olatunde, O.B.J. (1991) "Interstate Confl icts in West Africa: The Reference Group Theory Perspective", Comparative Political Studies , 24 (3): 299-318.
4. Ahmedova, F. and Leitich, K. (2001) "Ethnic and Religious Confl ict in the Ferghana Valley", Journal of Central Asian Studies 6 (1): 33-43.
5. Aitmatov, C. (1995) "Ne Sozdadim Sebe Kumirov" [We Should Not Idolize], Res Publica ,9 May, p. 2.
6. Akaev, A. (2001) "Otkuda Ishodit Ugroza?" [What is the Source of Danger?], Slovo Kirgizstana , 21 September, No. 105, p. 12.
7. Akaev, A. (2003a) "Vlast'-Opasnaya Shtuka" [Power is a Dangerous Commodity], Rossiskaya Gazeta No. 3352, 26 November. Online. Available at www.rg.ru/2003/11/26/akaev.html (accessed 3 April 2010).
8. Akaev, A. (2003b) "Kuda Idet Tsentral'naya Aziya?" [Where Does Central Asia Go?], Russia in Global Affairs 1 (4): 89-96.
9. Akaev, A. (2004a) Dumaya o Buduschem s Optimizmom [Thinking about the Future with Optimism], Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya.
10. Akaev, A. (2004b) "Otnosheniya s Rossiei v Vysshei Stepeni Prioritetny" [Relations with Russia are Our Top Priority], Centrasia , 17 November. Online. Available at www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php4?st=1100643660 (accessed 11 March 2007).
11. Akaev, A. (2004c) "Ya Prishel k Teorii Samoorganizatsii, Kotoryju Nyne." [I Developed a Self-Organization Theory, Which is Now.], Centrasia , 17 November. Online. Available at www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php4?st=1100643660 (accessed 11 March 2007).
12. Akbarzadeh, S. (2004) "Keeping Central Asia Stable", Third World Quarterly , 25 (4): 689-705.
13. Akiner, S. (2000) "Emerging Political Order in the New Caspian States: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan", in G.K. Bertsch, et al . (eds) Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia , New York:Routledge.
14. Akkulyuly, S. (2009) "Desyatki Neizvestnyh Politicheskih Zaklyuchennyh v Kazakhstane.Kto Oni?" [Dozens of Political Prisoners in Kazakhstan: Who are they?], Radio Azattyk ,8 July. Online. Available at http://rus.azattyq.org/content/politicheskie_uzniki_v_Kazakhstane/1771353.html (accessed 30 December 2009).
15. Allison, R. (2008) "Challenges for Cooperation and Prospects for Interaction in the Region between NATO, the SCO, and the CSTO", in M. Shaihutdinova (ed.) Pervyi Forum po Problemam Bezopasnosti i Sotrudnichestva v Tsentral'noaziatsko-Prikaspiiskom Regione [ The First Security and Cooperation Forum in the Central Asian and Caspian Sea Region ], Almaty: Institut Mirovoi Economiki i Politiki pri Fonde Presidenta RK.
16. Allsen, T. (1997) Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire. A Cultural History of Islamic Textiles , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17. Amnesty International (AI) (2004a) "Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: The Plight of Uighur Asylum-Seekers and Refugees", Europe and Central Asia: Summary of AI's Concerns in the Region, January-June 2004. Online. Available at www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR01/005/2004/en/01bd5103-d5a4-11dd-bb24-1fb85fe8fa05/eur010052004en.html (accessed 20 December 2009).
18. Amnesty International (AI) (2004b) "Turkmenistan: Covering Events from January-December 2003", Online.Available at http://web.amnesty.org/report2004/tkm-summary-eng (accessed 10 April 2009).
19. Amnesty International (AI) (2005) "Annual Report 2005. Tajikistan", Online. Available at http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/tjk-summary-eng (accessed 5 May 2009).
20. Arunova, M. (2001) "Russia and Central Asian States: Cooperation in the Security Sphere",Central Asia and the Caucasus , 2: 39-47.
21. Asian Development Bank (2006) Central Asia: Increasing Gains from Trade through Regional Cooperation in Trade Policy, Transport, and Customs Transit , Philippines:Asian Development Bank.
22. Aslam, A. "Central Asia: On Periphery of New Global War", Foreign Policy in Focus ,24 September. Online. Available at www.fpif.org/commentary/0109istans.html (accessed 1 March 2005).
23. Baev, P. (2004) "Instrumentalizing Counterterrorism for Regime Consolidation in Putin's Russia", Studies in Confl ict & Terrorism , 27 (4): 337-51.
24. Baev, P. (2006) "Turning Counter-Terrorism into Counter-Revolution: Russia Focuses on Kazakhstan and Engages Turkmenistan", European Security , 15 (1): 3-22.
25. Bakich, S.D. (1997) "The Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation: Working Document or Anachronism?" Confl ict Studies , 301: 1-30.
26. Bakiev, K. (2007) "O Kontseptsii Vneshnei Politiki Kirgizskoi Respubliki" [About the Foreign Policy Concept of the Kyrgyz Republic], Presidential Degree No. 2 of 10 January 2007. Online. Available at www.president.kg/president/out_politic/conception_ext_policy_rv/ (accessed 3 July 2007).
27. Bakin, M. (2009) "Programma 'Novaya Industrializatsiya'" [Industrialization and Innovation Program"], TehSovet , 8 (71), 30 August. Online. Available at www.tehsovet.ru/article-2009-8-5-1261 (accessed 30 November 2009).
28. Bakshi, J. (1996) "Russia, India and the Central Asian Republics: Geo-Political Convergence", Strategic Analysis, XIX (5): 736-37.
29. Bakshi, J. (1999) "Russian Policy Toward Central Asia", Strategic Analysis, XXII (10): 1577-88.
30. Bartuzi, W., Zasada, G., and Zygala, M. (2002) "Central Asia after September 11, 2001 -Political Islam Draws Back", Transnational Islam in Central Asia-CES Research Program, 19 December.
31. Bayram, M. (2009) "Kazakhstan: The Current Religious Law is Also Unconstitutional", Forum 18 News Service , 12 February. Online. Available at www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=1255 (accessed 1 September 2009).
32. Bennett, C.J. (1991) "What is Policy Convergence and What Causes It?" British Journal of Political Science, 21 (2): 215-33.
33. Berdikeeva, S. (2005) "Myth and Reality of Islamist Extremism in Central Asia",Eurasia21 . Online. Available at www.eurasia21.com/cgi-data/document/files/Islamist_extremism_1.pdf (accessed 3 July 2009).
34. Bermeo, N. (1992) "Democracy and the Lessons of Dictatorship", Comparative Politics ,24 (3): 273-91.
35. Beshimov, B. (2006) "Bol'shaya Igra i Tsentral'naya Asiya: Perspektivy i vyzovy" [Big Game and Central Asia: prospects and challenges], A Center for Social Studies of American University in Central Asia, Bishkek. Online. Available at http://src.auca.kg/docs/Bakyt_Beshimov_Rus.doc (accessed 3 July 2009).
36. Blank, S. (2005) "After the Tulip Revolution: Are Sino-Kyrgyz Relations Still 'Alive and Kicking?'" Eurasia Daily Monitor 2 (203). Online. Available at www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=31050 (accessed 2 January 2010).
37. Blank, S. (2009) "Beyond Manas: Russia's Game in Afghanistan", Central Asia - Caucasus Analyst , 11 (3): 3-7.
38. Blanton, H. and Christie, C. (2003) "Deviance Regulation: A Theory of Action and Identity", Review of General Psychology , 7 (2): 115-49.
39. Boekle, H., Rittberger, V., and Wagner, W. (2001) "Constructivist Foreign Policy Theory",in V. Rittberger (ed.) German Foreign Policy since Unifi cation , Manchester: Manchester University Press.
40. Bondarets, L. (2005) "Problemy Effektivnosti ShOS v Svete Formirovaniya Tsennostnyh Orientatsii Naseleniya Postsovetskih Gosudarstv" [Problems with the Effectiveness of the SCO in Light of the Development of Value Orientations of the Peoples of Post-Soviet States", Paper presented at the international conference "Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Environment and Tasks", Urumchi, 10-11 June. Online. Available at www.antiterror.kz/?submenu=analitika&num=20&action=view (accessed 11 March 2007).
41. Borogan, I. (2007) "FSB i Dvizheniya Tsentral'noi Azii: Analiz" [FSB and Central Asian Movements: an analysis], Agentura.ru , 18 April. Online. Available at www.agentura.ru/experts/ponomarev/ (accessed 3 January 2010).
42. Boulden, J. and Weiss, T.G. (eds) (2004) Terrorism and the UN: Before and After September 11 , Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
43. Brown, A. (2000) "Transnational Infl uences in the Transition from Communism", Post-Soviet Affairs , 16 (2): 177-200.
44. Bueno de Mesquita, B. (2003) Principles of International Politics: People's Power,Preferences, and Perceptions , 2nd edn, Washington, DC: CQ Press.
45. Burnkrant, R.E. and Cousineau, A. (1975) "Informational and Normative Social Influence in Buyer Behavior", Journal of Consumer Research , 2 (3): 206-15.
46. Buzan, B. (1991) People, States, and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era , London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
47. Campbell, A., Converse, P.E., Miller, W.E., and Stokes, D.E. (1960) The American Voter ,London: University of Chicago Press.
48. Cartwright, D. and Zander, A. (1968) Group Dynamics: Research and Theory , New York:Harper & Row.
49. Celmer, M.A. (1987) Terrorism, US Strategy, and Reagan Policies , New York: Greenwood Press.
50. Center for Anti-Terrorist Programs (2008) "Spetsifi ka Proyavlenii Terrorisma i Ekstremizma v Tsentral'noi Azii: Osnovnye tendentsii i itogi 2005-2006 gg."[A Specifi c Character of the Manifestations of Terrorism and Extremism in Central Asia: Main tendencies and outcomes for 2005-2006], Kazakhstan, 29 August.Online. Available at http://studies.agentura.ru/centres/cap/itogi2005-2006/ (accessed 20 November 2009).
51. Center for Defense Information (2007) "U.S. Military Assistance and Sales to Kazakhstan". Online. Available at www.cdi.org/pdfs/kazakhstan.pdf (accessed 20 November 2009).
52. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2009). The World Factbook: Kazakhstan , Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. Online. Available at www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html (accessed 3 November 2009).
53. Chalk, P. (1994) "EU Counter-Terrorism, the Maastricht Third Pillar and Liberal Democratic Acceptability", Terrorism and Political Violence , 6 (2): 103-45.
54. Chalk, P. (1998) "The Response to Terrorism as a Threat to Liberal Democracy", Australian Journal of Politics and History , 44 (3): 373-88.
55. Checkel, J.T. (1998a) "The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory (A Review Essay)", World Politics , 50 (2): 324-48.
56. Checkel, J.T. (1998b) "Norms, Institutions and National Identity in Contemporary Europe". ARENA Working Paper series. Online. Available at www.arena.uio.no/publications/wp98_16.htm (accessed 1 November 2009).
57. Checkel, J.T. (2005) "International Institutions and Socialization in Europe: Introduction and Framework", International Organization , 59 (4): 801-26.
58. Chinese Information Internet Center (2004) "Kitai i Tsentral'noaziatskie Strany: Vmeste otkryt' novuju stranitsu v istorii druzhby, sotrudnichestva i razvitiya" [China and Central Asian States: Together will open a new page in the history of friendship, cooperation, and development], 17 November. Online. Available at www.china.org.cn/russian/143271.htm (accessed 3 July 2007).
59. Chotaeva, C. (2003) "Islam in the Social-Political Context of Kyrgyzstan", Central Asia and the Caucasus, 6 (24). Online. Available at www.ca-c.org/online/2003/journal_eng/cac-06/07.choten.shtml (accessed 2 January 2010).
60. Chufrin, G. (2008) "Prioritetnyi Kharacter Otnoshenii s Kazakhstanom vo Vneshnei Politiki Rossii" [Relations with Kazakhstan is One of the Top Priorities of Russia's Foreign Policy], in M. Shaihutdinova (ed.) Pervyi Forum po Problemam Bezopasnosti i Sotrudnichestva v Tsentral'noaziatsko-Prikaspiiskom Regione [The First Security and Cooperation Forum in the Central Asian and Caspian Sea Region], Almaty: Institut Mirovoi Economiki i Politiki pri Fonde Presidenta RK.
61. Clark, P.B. and Wilson, J.Q. (1961) "Incentive Systems: A Theory of Organizations", Administrative Science Quarterly , 6 (2): 129-66.
62. Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (2001) Report E/CN.4/Sub.2/2001/31, 27 June.
63. Conover, P.J. (1988) "The Role of Social Groups in Political Thinking", British Journal of Political Science , 18 (1): 51-76.
64. Cornell, S. E. (2007) "Commentary on Hedi Wegener's 'Central Asia: At Last Europe May Be Getting Its Act Together'", Europe's World , Spring. Online. Available at www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/publications/2006/0702_Europesworld.pdf (accessed 25 December 2009).
65. Council of the Heads of State of the CIS (2004) Program of Joint Measures to Combat International Crime for 2005-07 [in Russian], Executive Committee of the CIS.16 April Online. Available at http://cis.minsk.by/main.aspx?uid=432 (accessed 6 July 2008).
66. Council of the Heads of State of the CIS (2005) The Concept of the Program to Combat International Terrorism and Other Forms of Extremism [in Russian], Executive Committee of the CIS. 16 August www.cis.minsk.by/webnpa/text.aspx?RN=N90500049 (accessed 6 July 2008).
67. Crelinsten, R.D. (1989) "Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism and Democracy: The Assessment of National Security Threats", Terrorism and Political Violence, 1 (2): 242-69 .
68. Crelinsten, R.D. and Schmid, A.P. (2006) "Western Responses to Terrorism: A Twenty-Five Year Balance Sheet", in D.C. Rapoport (ed.) Terrorism: Critical Concepts in Political Science,New York: Routledge.
69. Cressey, R. (2000) "U.S. Counter-Terrorism Policy and Organization", National Security Council. Online. Available at http://web.mit.edu/ssp/seminars/wed_archives_00fall/cressey.htm (accessed 23 December 2009).
70. Cronin, B. (1999) Community under Anarchy: Transnational Identity and the Evolution of Cooperation , New York: Columbia University Press.
71. Cummings, S.N. (2005) Kazakhstan: Power and the Elite , London: I.B. Tauris.
72. Cummings, S.N. and Ochs, M. (2002) "Turkmenistan: Saparmurat Niyazov's Inglorious Isolation", in S.N. Cummings (ed.) Power and Change in Central Asia , New York: Routledge.
73. Curley, T.M. (2009) "Social Identity Theory and EU Expansion", International Studies Quarterly , 53 (3): 649-68.
74. Curtis, G.E. (ed.) (1997) Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan:Country Studies , Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
75. Daly, J. (2005) "Sino-Kyrgyz Relations after the Tulip Revolution", The Jamestown Foundation , 6 June. Online. Available at www.asianresearch.org/articles/2614.html(accessed 3 July 2008).
76. Deutsch, M. and Gerard, H.B. (1955) "A Study of Normative and Information Social Influences upon Individual Judgment", Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology ,5: 629-36.
77. DiMaggio, P.J. and Powell, W.W. (1983) "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields", American Sociological Review , 48 (2): 147-60.
78. Djuraev, U. (2006) "Kyrgyzstan Declares War on Imams", Global Challenge Research , 31 August. Online. Available at www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=1049 (accessed 23 December 2008).
79. Dmitrieva, O. (2006) "Kirgiziya Vydvoryaet Diplomatov SShA" [Kirghizia Kicks Out American Diplomats], Delovaya Gazeta Vzlyad , 12 June. Online. Available at www.vz.ru/politics/2006/7/12/41115.html (accessed 3 July 2008).
80. Dorian, J.P., Rossi, I.A., and Indriyanto, S.T. (1994) "Central Asia's Oil and Gas Pipeline Network: Current and Future Flows", Post-Soviet Geography, 35 (7):412-30.
81. Dunn, D. (2003) "Myths, Motivations and 'Misunderestimations': the Bush Administration and Iraq", International Affairs , 79 (2): 279-97.
82. Economist (2009) "Kyrgyzstan: Tripolar Disorder. The New Great Game, from the Ground Up", 1 October. Economist.com . Online. Available at www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=14530938&CFID=101732638&CFTOKEN=33982149 (accessed 23 December 2009).
83. Eisenstadt, S.N. (1973) Traditional Patrimonialism and Modern Neopatrimonialism , London: Sage Publications.
84. Eshanova, Z. (2002a) "Central Asia: Russia's Image Rising - Cultural Ties with Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan Still Strong", RFE/RL, 13 November. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/sfeatures/2002/11/13112002172845.asp (accessed 8 May 2008).
85. Eshanova, Z. (2002b) "Central Asia: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan Differ in Approach to Hizb ut-Tahrir", RFE/RL, 12 June. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/07/12072002171856.asp (accessed 14 April 2008).
86. Fearon, J. and Wendt, A. (2002) "Rationalism v. Constructivism: A Skeptical View", in W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse and B. Simmons (eds.) Handbook of International Relations ,London: Sage.
87. Felgenhauer, P. (2009) "Moscow Struggling to Transform CSTO into a 'Russian NATO'",Eurasia Daily Monitor 6 (107). Online. Available at www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=35085 (accessed 22 December 2009).
88. Finnemore, M. and Sikkink, K. (1998) "International Norms Dynamics and Political Change", International Organization , 52 (4): 887-917.
89. Finnemore, M. (2001) "Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics", Annual Review of Political Science , 4 (3): 391-416.
90. Firdavsi (2006) "Spetsoperatsii na Yuge Kirgizstana: Voina protiv terrorisma ili ohota za inakomyslyaschimi?" [Special Service Operation in the South of Kyrgyzstan: Fighting against terrorism or hunting for dissidents?], Muslim Uzbekistan , 24 August. Online.Available at http://muslimuzbekistan.net/ru/centralasia/mediawatch/story.php?ID=6437(accessed 23 December 2008).
91. Forster, P. (2006) "Beslan: Counterterrorism Incident Command. Lessons Learned", Homeland Security Affairs, II (3).
92. Forsyth, D.R. (2006) Group Dynamics , 4th edn, Pacifi c Grove: Brooks/Cole.
93. Freedman, L. (ed.) (2002) Superterrorism: Policy Responses , Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
94. Freedman, R.O. (1996-7) "Russia and Central Asia under Yeltsin", Swords and Ploughshares X. Online. Available at http://acdis.illinois.edu/assets/docs/318/articles/RussiaandCentralAsiaunderYeltsin.pdf (accessed 11 March 2008).
95. Golovnina, M. (2009) "Uzbekistan Accepts Obama's Call for 'New Beginning'", Reuters ,9 June. Online. Available at www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE55810H20090609 (accessed 4 January 2010).
96. Gorbunov, Y.S. (2008) Terrorism i Pravovoe Regulirovaniye Protivodeistviya Emu [Terrorism and Normative Framework for Its Counteraction], Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya.
97. Grebenshchikov, I. (2000) "Central Asian Pawn", Reporting Central Asia , 30: 17 November.Online. Available at http://iwpr.net/?p=rca&s=f&o=162731&apc_state=henirca2000 (accessed 3 July 2008).
98. Grozin, A. (2008) "Rossiya Ukreplyaet Pozitsii v Tsentral'noi Azii" [Russia Strengthens Its Position in Central Asia], Eurasian Home Expert Forum , 2 September. Online. Available at www.eurasianhome.org/xml/t/expert.xml?lang=en&nic=expert&pid=1709 (accessed 30 November 2009).
99. Guang, P. (2007) "China and Energy Security in Central Asia", Central Asia and the Caucasu s, 6: 85-91.
100. Gurin, P., Miller, A., and Gurin, G. (1980) "Stratum Identifi cation and Consciousness", Social Psychological Quarterly , 43 (1): 30-47.
101. Hafez, M.M. (2003) Why Muslims Rebel: Repression and Resistance in the Islamic World ,Bolder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
102. Henisz, W.J., Zelner, B.A., and Guillén, M.F. (2004). "International Coercion, Emulation, and Policy Diffusion: Market-Oriented Infrastructure Reforms, 1977-1999",Working paper of the Reginald H. Jones Center. The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
103. Herek, G.M. (1986) "The Instrumentality of Attitudes: Toward a Neofunctional Theory",Journal of Social Issues , 42 (2): 99-114.
104. Hoberg, G. (1991) "Sleeping with an Elephant: the American Influence on Canadian Environmental Regulation", Journal of Public Policy , 11 (1): 107-32.
105. Hocking, J. (2004) Terror Laws: ASIO, Counter-Terrorism and the Threat to Democracy ,Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
106. Hoffman, B. (1999) "Is Europe Soft on Terrorism?" Foreign Policy , 115: 62-76.
107. Hoffman, B. (2002) "Rethinking Terrorism and Counterterrorism Since 9/11", Studies in Conflict & Terrorism , 25: 303-16.
108. Human Rights Watch (HRW) (2001) "World Report 2001", Online. Available at www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k1/www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k1/ (accessed 3 April 2010).
109. Human Rights Watch (HRW) (2003) "Human Rights Watch World Report 2004 - Kazakhstan", HRW, 14 January.Online. Available at www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3e2818352.html (accessed 23 November 2008).
110. Human Rights Watch (HRW) (2004) "Turkmenistan: Human Rights Update", HRW, 14 May. Online. Available at http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/05/14/turkme8964.htm (accessed 4 April 2008) .
111. Human Rights Watch (HRW) (2005a) "Devastating Blows: Religions Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang", HRW report, 11 April. Online. Available at www.hrw.org/en/reports/2005/04/11/devastatingblows (accessed 23 November 2009).
112. Human Rights Watch (HRW) (2005b) "Kazakh Opposition Party Shut Down", HRW, 7 January. Online. Available at http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/01/07/kazakh9957.htm (accessed 7 November 2008).
113. Human Rights Watch (HRW) (2005c) "World Report 2005 - Kazakhstan", HRW, 1 January. Online. Available at www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/421da3142f.html (accessed 28 December 2009).
114. Human Rights Watch (HRW) (2006) "Eurasia: Uphold Human Rights in Combating Terrorism: Shanghai Cooperation Organization Must Not Punish Peaceful Dissent", HRW, 13 June.Online. Available at www.hrw.org/en/news/2006/06/13/eurasia-uphold-human-rightscombating-terrorism (accessed 23 November 2009).
115. Human Rights Watch (HRW) (2008) "An Atmosphere of Quite Repression: Freedom of Religion, Assembly and Expression in Kazakhstan", HRW, 1 December. Online. Available at www.hrw.org/ru/reports/2008/12/01/atmosphere-quiet-repression (accessed 23 November 2009).
116. Hunter, S.T. (2004) Islam in Russia: the Politics of Identity and Security , Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
117. Huskey, E. (1997) "Kyrgyzstan: The Fate of Political Liberalization", in K. Dawisha and B. Parrott (eds.) Confl ict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
118. Hyman, H.H. (1968) "Reference Groups", in D. Sills (ed.) International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences , vol. 13, New York: Macmillan Company & Free Press.
119. Hyman, H.H. and Singer, E. (1968) Readings in Reference Group Theory and Research , New York: Free Press.
120. Ilkhamov, A. (2007) "Neopatrimonialism, Interest Groups and Patronage Networks:the impasses of the governance system in Uzbekistan", Central Asian Survey , 26 (1): 65-84.
121. Institute for Public Policy (2005) "Topical Issues of Kyrgyzstan's Foreign Policy", Roundtable transcript, 21 December. Online. Available at www.ipp.kg/en/events/40/ (accessed 20 December 2009).
122. Institute for Public Policy (2006a) "Cooperation between China and Kyrgyzstan after 24 March 2005",Roundtable transcript, 25 May. Online. Available at http://ipp.kg/files/roundtables/RTMay25_ENG.pdf (accessed 20 December 2009).
123. Institute for Public Policy (2006b) "Kyrgyzstan and Russia at a New Stage of Cooperation", Roundtable transcript, 9 June. Online. Available at www.ipp.kg/en/analysis/238/ (accessed 1 November 2009).
124. Institute for Public Policy (2008a) "How Decisions Are Made in Kyrgyzstan," Roundtable transcript, 30 January, Bishkek. Online. Available at www.ipp.kg/en/analysis/607/ (accessed 10 January 2010).
125. Institute for Public Policy (2008b) "The Main Results of Kyrgyzstan's Foreign Policy", Roundtable transcript, 24 December, Bishkek. Online. Available at www.ipp.kg/en/analysis/756/ (accessed 2 January 2010).
126. Interfax (2007) "Missionary from Unregistered Movement Tabligi Jamaat to be Expelled from Kazakhstan", 27 July. Online. Available at www.interfax-religion.ru/kaz/?act=news&adiv=19465 (accessed 22 November 2009).
127. Interfax (2008) "Kazakhstan's Authorities Oust Foreign Missionaries", 29 July. Online.Available at www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=5013 (accessed 22 November 2009).
128. International Crisis Group (ICG) (2001) "Central Asia: Fault Lines in the New Security Map", ICG Asia Report No. 20, Osh/Brussels. Online. Available at www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/report_archive/A400337_04072001.pdf (accessed 11 March 2009) .
129. International Crisis Group (ICG) (2003a) "Central Asia: Islam and the State", ICG Asia Report No. 59. Osh/Brussels.Online. Available at www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1442 (accessed 3 January 2010).
130. International Crisis Group (ICG) (2003b) "Radical Islam in Central Asia: Responding to Hizb ut-Tahrir", ICG Asia Report No. 58. Osh/Brussels. Online. Available at www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1441&l=1 (accessed 3 January 2010).
131. International Crisis Group (ICG) (2006a) "Kyrgyzstan on the Edge", ICG Asia Briefi ng No. 55, 9 November. Online.Available at www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?l=1&id=4495 (accessed 11 March 2008).
132. International Crisis Group (ICG) (2006b) "Uzbekistan: Europe's Sanctions Matter", Asia Briefi ng No. 54, 6 November.Online. Available at www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?l=1&id=4490 (accessed 5 January 2010).
133. International Crisis Group (ICG) (2007) "Central Asia's Energy Risks", ICG Asia Report No. 133. Online. Available at www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=4866&l=1 (accessed 18 January 2008).
134. International Crisis Group (ICG) (2009) "Women and Radicalization in Kyrgyzstan", ICG Asia Report No. 176.Online. Available at www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6296&l=1 (accessed 4 January 2010).
135. Issledovatel'ski Tsentr Agentura.ru (2005) "Rossiiskaya Sistema Predotvrascheniya Teraktov: Spustya god posle Beslana" [A Russian System of Prevention of Terrorist Acts: A year after Beslan], 31 August. Online. Available at [http://studies.agentura.ru/listing/system1yearafter/ (accessed 23 November 2008).
136. Jandosov, O. (2002) "Evaluation of World Bank Assistance to Kazakhstan", Almaty, May-November, World Bank, Operations Evaluation Department. Online. Available at www.worldbank.org/oed/transitioneconomies/docs/Kazakhstan.pdf (accessed 2 September 2009).
137. Johnston, A.I. (1995) "Thinking about Strategic Culture", International Security , 19: 32-64.
138. Jonson, L. (2003) "The Security Dimension of Russia's Policy in South Central Asia", in G. Gorodetsky (ed.) Russia Between East and West: Russian Foreign Policy on the Threshold of the Twenty-First Century , London & New York: Frank Cass.
139. Jonson, L. (2004) Vladimir Putin and Central Asia: The Shaping of Russian Foreign Policy , London: I.B. Tauris.
140. Jönsson, C. (1995) "Cognitive Factors in Explaining Regime Dynamics," in V. Rittberger (ed.) Regime Theory and International Relation s, New York: Oxford University Press.
141. Kan, S.A. (2008) "U.S.-China Counterterrorism Cooperation: Issues for U.S. Policy",Congressional Research Service, 7-5700, 3 August. Online. Available at www.fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/RL33001.pdf (accessed 23 September 2009).
142. Kangas, R. (2004) Central Asia. Encyclopedia of Russian History , Gale, Cengage Learning.
143. Karagiannis, E. (2005) "Political Islam and Social Movement Theory: The Case of Hizbut-Tahrir in Kyrgyzstan", Religion, State and Society, 33 (2): 137-50.
144. Karataeva, L. (2008) "Osobennosti Informatsionnogo Prostranstva Kazakhstana" [Specific Aspects of Informational Environment in Kazakhstan], in M. Shaihutdinova (ed.) Pervyi Forum po Problemam Bezopasnosti i Sotrudnichestva v Tsentral'noaziatsko-Prikaspiiskom Regione [The First Security and Cooperation Forum in the Central Asian and Caspian Sea Region], Almaty: Institut Mirovoi Economiki i Politiki pri Fonde Presidenta RK.
145. Karimov, D. (2006) "Partiya 'Hizb ut-Tahrir' Ob'yavila Dzhihad Silovikam Kirgizstana" [Hizb ut-Tahrir Party Declared Jihad to National Security Forces of Kyrgyzstan],IA "24.kg" , 19 July. Online. Available at www.24.kg/investigation/4441-2006-/07/19/4741.html (accessed 4 July 2009).
146. Kassenova, N. (2005) "Kazakhstan's National Security: Conceptual and Operational Aspects", Central Asian Survey , 24 (2): 151-64.
147. Kassenova, N. (2007) "The EU in Central Asia: Strategy in the Context of Eurasian Geopolitics", Central Asia and the Caucasus , 4: 99-108.
148. Katzenstein, P.J., Keohane, R.O., and Krasner, S.D. (eds) (1999) Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
149. Kazorina, I. (2008) "Kazakhstan: Illegal Missionaries - Russian and Uzbek Nationals - Expelled from the Country", Ferghana.Ru , 8 August. Online. Available at www.ferghana.ru/news.php?id=9868 (accessed 22 November 2008).
150. Kelley, H.H. (1952) "Two Functions of Reference Groups", in G. Swanson, T. Newcomb,and E. Hartley (eds) Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Readings in Social Psychology , New York: Holt.
151. Kemper, T.D. (1968) "Reference Groups, Socialization and Achievement", American Sociological Review , 33 (1): 31-45.
152. Khalid, A. (2007) Islam after Communism: Religion and Politics in Central Asia , Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
153. Khamidov, A. (2001) "Dispute Over China-Kyrgyz Border Demarcation Pits President vs.Parliament", Eurasia Insight , 28 June. Online. Available at www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav062801.shtml (accessed 4 July 2008).
154. Kim, D. (2008) "Kirgiziya: Stabil'nost' v Obmen na Territorii" [Kyrgyzstan: Stability in Exchange for Territory], Eurasian Heritage Foundation , 16 April. Online. Available at www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1208428680 (accessed 1 September 2009).
155. Kimmage, D. (2006a) "Central Asia: Does the Road to Shanghai Go through Tehran?"RFE/RL, 12 June. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/06/1af793c3-bbb9-4688-87f4-c71c53791ea7.html (accessed 11 March 2008).
156. Kimmage, D. (2006b) "Extremist Threats, and Doubts, in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan", RFE/RL,24 July. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/07/212f8957-a0bf-4963-aacb-0efe6fbf28a5.html (accessed 11 March 2008).
157. Klyashtornyi, S.G. and Sultano, T.I. (1992) Kazakhstan: Letopis' Treh Tysyacheletii [Kazakhstan: Chronicle of Three Millennia], Almaty.
158. Kniazev, A. (2007) "Russia in Central Asia: Return", Central Asia and the Caucasus , 47 (5): 33-9.
159. Knyazev, A. (2008) "Kyrgyzstan and Russia: Security, Cooperation and Development Perspectives in the Central Asian Region", Paper presented at a seminar "New Inde pendent States in Central Asia: Political Aspects of Globalization and International Partnership",Eurasian Heritage Foundation, 4 March. Online. Available at www.eurasianhome.org/xml/t/expert.xml?lang=ru&nic=expert&pid=1484 (accessed 3 September 2009).
160. Koufa, K.K. (2001) "Progress Report on Terrorism and Human Rights", Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights E/CN.4/Sub.2/2001/31, 27 June 2001.
161. Kraft, M.B. (2008) "Evolution of U.S. Counterterrorism Laws, Policies, and Programs",in A. Yonah and M.B. Kraft (eds) Evolution of U.S. Counterterrorism Policy , vol. 1,Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.
162. Kucera, J. (2009) "Central Asia and Caucasus: Terrorist Threat on Rise in Ferghana Valley - U.S. State Department", Eurasianet.org , 8 May. Online. Available at www.eurasianet.org/departments/insightb/articles/eav050809a.shtml (accessed 23 November 2009).
163. Kuhn, M. (1964) "The Reference Group Reconsidered", Sociological Quarterly , 5: 6-21.
164. Kurganskaia, V. (2002) "New Spiritual Trends in Kazakhstan", Central Asia and the Caucasus , 3: 103-11.
165. Lake, D.A. and Morgan, P.M. (1997) "The New Regionalism in Security Affairs", in D.A. Lake and P.M. Morgan (eds) Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World ,Philadelphia: Pennsylvania State University Press.
166. Lau, R.R. (1989) "Individual and Contextual Influences on Group Identifi cation", Social Psychology Quarterly 52 (3): 220-31.
167. Laumulin, M. (2007a) The Geopolitics of XXI Century in Central Asia , Almaty: KazISS.
168. Laumulin, M. (2007b) "U.S. Strategy and Policy in Central Asia", Central Asia and the Caucasus ,4: 46-56.
169. Leichter, H.M. (1997) "Comparative Public Policy: Problems and Prospects", Policy Studies Journal, 5: 583-96.
170. Levinson, L. (2007) "Governance as a Counter-Terrorist Operation Notes on the Russian Legislation against Terrorism", Submission to the Eminent Jurists Panel in connection with public hearings on terrorism, counter-terrorism and human rights in Russia,Moscow. Online. Available at http://ejp.icj.org/IMG/Levinson.pdf (accessed 23 October 2008).
171. Leonard, N.H., Beauvais, L.L., and Scholl, R.W. (1999) "Work Motivation: The Incorporation of Self-Based Processes", Human Relations , 52: 969-998.
172. Libman, A. (2007) "Regionalisation and Regionalism in the Post-Soviet Space: Current Status and Implications for Institutional Development", Europe-Asia Studies , 59 (3):401-30.
173. Lillis, J. (2009) "Kazakhstan: Has Astana Met Its OSCE Pledges?" EurasiaNet , 3 December.Online. Available at www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav120309.shtml (accessed 3 November 2009)
174. Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. and Clémence, A. (2001) "Group Processes and the Construction of Social Representations", in M.A. Hogg and S. Tindale (eds) Group Processes. Blackwell handbook of Social Psychology , Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
175. Lubin, N. and Rubin, B.R. (1999) Calming the Ferghana Valley: Development and Dialogue in the Heart of Central Asia , New York: The Century Foundation Press.
176. Lugna, L. (2006) "Institutional Framework of the European Union Counter-Terrorism Policy Setting", Baltic Security and Defence Review , (8): 101-27.
177. McDermott, R.N. (2004) "Countering Global Terrorism: Developing the Antiterrorist Capabilities of the Central Asian Militaries", Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. Online. Available at www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB370.pdf (accessed 5 July 2008).
178. McDermott, R.N. (2009) "Kazakhstan's Defense Policy: An Assessment of the Trends", Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. Online. Available at www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=904 (accessed 3 November 2009).
179. Majone, G. (1991) "Cross-National Sources of Regulatory Policymaking in Europe and the United States", Journal of Public Policy , 11 (1): 79-106.
180. Makarkin, A. (2005) "An Orange-Tinged Revolt", Russia in Global Affairs 2. Online.Available at http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/11/911.html (accessed 5 May 2008).
181. Malikov, K. (2008) "Political Islam: Ideological Orientations of Youth in Bishkek", American University in Central Asia, Social Research Center, Bishkek. Online. Available at http://src.auca.kg/images/stories/fi les/report_polit_islam_eng.pdf (accessed 3 April 2010).
182. Mambetaliev, A. (2008) Antiwesternism in Kyrgyzstan , Muras: Bishkek.
183. Marat, E. (2009) "Bakiyev Wins New Geopolitical Game Over Manas Base", Central Asia - Caucasus Analyst , 11 (13): 12-13.
184. Marketos, T. (2009) "Eastern Caspian Sea Energy Geopolitics: A Litmus Test for the U.S.-Russia-China Struggle for the Geostrategic Control of Eurasia", Caucasian Review of International Affairs , 3 (1): 2-19.
185. Mavloni, D. (2009) "Zakrytye Sudy nad Religiosnymi Aktivistami" [Closed-Door Trials of Religious Activists], Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law, 4 April. Online. Available at www.bureau.kz/data.php?page=20&n_id=305&l=ru (accessed 3 October 2009).
186. Mehta, S.C., Lalwani, A.K., and Ping, L. (2001) "Reference Group Influence and Perceived Risk in Services among Working Women in Singapore: A Replication and Extension",Journal of International Consumer Marketing , 14 (1): 43-65.
187. Memorial Human Rights Center (2007) "Kazakhstan: Struggle against 'Salafi tes' in Mangyshlak", 31 January, Moscow. On fi le with HRW. Online. Available at www.hrw.org/ru/node/76351/section/4 (accessed 1 December 2009).
188. Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2009) "O Deyatel'nosti Organov Vnutrennih Del po Protivodeistviyu Exstremizmu i Terrorismu na Territorii Respubliki Kazakhstan" [On Counter-Extremist and Counter-Terrorist Activities of Agencies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Kazakhstan]. Online. Available at www.mvd.kz/index.php?p=razdel_more&id5=3399&id1=7 (accessed 3 November 2009).
189. MIPT Terrorism Knowledge database (2006) Terrorist Incidents in Kyrgyzstan . Online.Available at www.tkb.org/Home.jsp (accessed 20 July 2007).
190. Miyaoka, T. (1998) "Terrorist Crisis Management in Japan: Historical Development and Changing Response (1979-1997)", Terrorism and Political Violence , 10: 23-53.
191. Mooney, C.Z. (2001) "Modeling Regional Effects on State Policy Diffusion", Political Research Quarterly , 54 (1): 102-24.
192. Motosmonov, M. (2009) "Survey of Opinions of the Kyrgyz Citizens and Political Elite",Informatsionno-Analiticheskii Portal "PR.kg" , 28 November. Online. Available at www.pr.kg/gazeta/number377/145/ (accessed 3 November 2009).
193. Mukhametrakhimova, S. (2006a) "Dealing with Hizb ut-Tahrir", Researching Central Asia No. 452, 15 June. Online. Available at www.iwpr.net/?p=rca&s=f&o=321670&apc_state=henh (accessed 4 July 2008).
194. Mukhametrakhimova, S. (2006b) "Perception and Treatment of the 'Extremist' Islamic Group Hizb ut-Tahrir by Central Asian Governments", China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly , 4 (2): 49-54.
195. Muzalevsky, R. (2009) "Kyrgyz Operation Against IMU Reveals Growing Terrorist Threat", Central Asia - Caucasus Analyst , 11 (13): 15-16.
196. Najibullah, F. (2003) "Central Asia: In Tajikistan and Elsewhere, Islamic Groups Still On the Fringe", RFE/RL, 6 June. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/06/06062003172224.asp (accessed 13 March 2008).
197. National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (2006) White House, March. Online. Available at http://fas.org/irp/threat/nsct2006.pdf (accessed 3 November 2009).
198. NATO (2002) "Military Concept for Defence against Terrorism", 21 November. Online.Available at www.nato.int/ims/docu/terrorism.htm (accessed 4 July 2008).
199. NATO (2009) "NATO's Relations with the Kyrgyz Republic". Online. Available at www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-C4A1A226-FAD72042/natolive/topics_49607.htm (accessed 2 September 2009).
200. Naumkin, V.V. (2003) "Militant Islam in Central Asia: The Case of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan", Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post Soviet Studies Working Paper Series (Spring). Online. Available at http://repositories.cdlib.org/iseees/bps/2003_06-naum (accessed 20 July 2008).
201. Nazarbaev, N. (1997) "Protsvetanie, Bezopasnost' i Uluchsheniye Blagosostnoyaniya Vseh Kazakhstantsev" [Prosperity, Security, and Improved Wellbeing of All People of Kazakhstan], Presidential Address to the People of Kazakhstan. Strategy of the Long-Term Development "Kazakhstan-2030". Online. Available at www.memr.gov.kz/?mod=othe&lng=rus&id=94 (accessed 3 November 2009).
202. Nazarbaev, N. (1998) My Life, My Times, and the Future... Trans., and ed. P. Conradi, London:Pilkington Press.
203. Nazarbaev, N. (2005) Presidential Address to the People of Kazakhstan, February. Online. Available at www.akorda.kz/www/www_akorda_kz.nsf/sections?OpenForm&id_doc=643BC94235F0D2DF462572340019E606&lang=ru&L1=L2&L2=L2-22 (accessed 3 November 2009).
204. Neshkumai, V. (2000) "Most of 100 Terrorists Penetrating Kyrgyzstan Destroyed", TASS ,13 August.
205. Nichol, J. (2004) "Kazakhstan: Current Developments and U.S. Interests", Congressional Research Service 97-1058, 4 May. Online. Available at www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/97-1058.pdf (12 December 2009).
206. Nichol, J. (2009) "Kyrgyzstan and the Status of the U.S. Manas Airbase: Context and Implications", Congressional Research Service 7-5700, July. Online. Available at www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40564.pdf (accessed 3 January 2010).
207. Norling, N. (2007) "EU's Central Asia Policy: The Adoption of a New Strategy Paper 2007-2013", Central Asia and the Caucasus , 3: 7-15.
208. Norling, N. (2009) "Is Russia Stirring Unrest in Central Asia?" Central Asia-Caucuses Institute (CACI), CACI Analysis, 1 July. Online. Available at www.cacianalyst.org/files/090701Analyst.pdf (accessed 4 April 2010).
209. Nurgaliev, M. (2007) "Kazakh-U.S. Military-Political Cooperation in the Context of U.S. Geopolitical Interests in Central Asia", Central Asia and the Caucasus , 2: 52-61.
210. Nygren, B. (2007) The Rebuilding of Greater Russia: Putin's Foreign Policy Towards the CIS Countries , London: Routledge.
211. Odling-Smee, J. and Linn, J. (2001) "Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova,and Tajikistan: External Debt and Fiscal Sustainability", Report by the European II Department of the IMF and the Europe and Central Asia Region of the World Bank,7 February. Online. Available at www.imf.org/external/np/eu2/2001/edebt/eng/main.pdf (accessed 4 July 2008).
212. Olcott, M.B. (2002) Kazakhstan: Unfulfilled Promise , Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
213. Olcott, M.B. (2005) Central Asia's Second Chance , Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
214. Olcott, M.B. (2006) "US Policy in Central Asia: Balancing Priorities (Part II)", US Congress.House of Representatives, Committee on International Relations, Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia, 109th Cong., 2nd sess., 26 April. Online. Available at www.internationalrelations.house.gov/archives/109/olc042606.pdf (accessed 3 July 2008).
215. Oliker, O. (2007) "Kazakhstan's Security Interests and Their Implications for the U.S.-Kazakh Relationship", China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly , 5 (2): 63-72.
216. Oliverio, A. (1998) The State of Terror , Albany, NY: SUNY.
217. Omelicheva, M. (2007) "Combating Terrorism in Central Asia: Explaining Differences in States' Responses to Terror", Terrorism and Political Violence , 19: 369-94.
218. Omelicheva, M. (2009a) "Convergence of Counterterrorism Policies: A Case Study of Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia", Studies of Confl ict and Terrorism , 32 (10): 893-908.
219. Omelicheva, M. (2009b) "Reference Group Perspective on State Behavior: A Case Study of Estonia's Counterterrorism Policies", Europe Asia Studies, 61 (3): 483-504.
220. Omelicheva, M. (2010) "Ethnic Dimension of Religious Extremism and Terrorism in Central Asia",International Political Science Review , 31(2): 1-21.
221. Omelicheva, M. (forthcoming) "Counterterrorism", in Encyclopedia of International Security ,Washington, DC: CQ Press.
222. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) (1999) "Charter for European Security", Adopted at the Istanbul Summit, 18-19 November. Online. Available at www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1999/11/17497_en.pdf (accessed 11 November 2009).
223. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) (2001) "Programme of Action", Bishkek International Conference on Enhancing Security and Stability in Central Asia: Strengthening Comprehensive Efforts to Counter Terrorism. 13-14 December. Online. Available at www.osce.org/documents/cio/2001/12/677_en.pdf (accessed 11 November 2009).
224. Panfilova, V. (2004) "U Presidenta Nazarbaeva Dovol'no Tesnye Otnosheniya s Semjei Busha" [President Nazarbev Has Close Ties with the Bush Family], Interview with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan about the republic's foreign policy priorities,Nesavisimaya Gazeta , 19 November. Online. Available at www.nomad.su/?a=10-200411220022 (accessed 11 November 2009).
225. Pannier, B. (2006) "Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek Presents New Air-Base Terms to US-Led Coalition",RFE/RL, 25 January. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/01/e377d17f-622a-41e0-b9ea-1c9d4698b453.html (accessed 17 January 2009).
226. Pannier, B. (2008) "Kyrgyzstan: New Effort Aggressively Counters Hizb Ut-Tahrir, Religious Extremism", RFE/RL, 15 February. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/content/article/1079480.html (accessed 15 March 2009).
227. Patrikeyeva, I. (2004) "Kazakhstan Understands Russian Readiness for Preventive Strikes",TASS , 10 September.
228. Pedahzur, A. and Ranstorp, M. (2001) "A Tertiary Model for Countering Terrorism in Liberal Democracies: The Case of Israel", Terrorism and Political Violence , 13: 1-27.
229. Peimani, H. (2002) "Abusing the "War on Terrorism" in Central Asia", Central Asia -Caucasus , 16 August. Online. Available at www.e-ariana.com/ariana/eariana.nsf/ allDocsArticles/07E3B1B0353C639287256C17005F637B?OpenDocument (accessed 5 July 2008).
230. Perovic, J. (2006). "Moscow's North Caucasus Quagmire", ISN Security Watch , 6 January.Online. Available at www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?ID=16070 (accessed 3 November 2008).
231. Petrushov, A.V. (2006) Rol' Sudov v Protivodeistvii Terrorismu [The Role of Courts in Counteraction to Terrorism], Moscow: Yustitsinform.
232. Peuch, J.C. (2006) "Kyrgyzstan: Negotiations Over US Base End Inconclusively", RFE/RL, 1 June. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/06/b1b5f437-9e99-4f48-b7bd-6b4b7eae6532.html (accessed 20 February 2009).
233. Plater-Zyberk, H. (2004). "Beslan - Lessons Learned?" Conflict Studies Research Center,Russian Series 04/34.
234. Podrazdelenije antiterrora "Al'fa" [Anti-terrorism sub-unit "Alpha"] (2006) In Kto Est'Kto [Who is Who]. MK-Pereodika. Online. Available at www.biograph.ru/goldfund/alfa.htm (accessed 1 March 2009).
235. Polyannikov, T. (2007) "Perspektivy Rossiisko-Kazakhskogo Sotrudnichestva" [Prospects for Russian-Kazakh Cooperation], Eurasian Heritage Foundation , 22 March. Online.Available at http://eurasianhome.org/xml/t/expert.xml?lang=ru&nic=expert&pid=1007 (accessed 2 November 2009).
236. Ponomarev, V. (2007) "Kazakhstan: Bor'ba s 'Salafi tami' na Mangyshlake" [Kazakhstan:Fight against Salafists in Mangistau], Issledovatel'ski Tsentr Agentura.ru , 31 January.Online. Available at http://studies.agentura.ru/centres/programma/mangistau/ (accessed 2 December 2009).
237. Ponomarev, V. and Jukeyeva, S. (2002) "The Religious Factor in the Political Life of Kazakhstan (1991-6)", presented at a round table discussion at the International Eurasian Institution of Economic and Political Research, Washington, DC.
238. Ponsard, L. (2005) "Homeland Security and the Russian Approach", Information & Security, 17: 50-60.
239. Price, R.M. (1971) "A Theoretical Approach to Military Rule in New States: Reference-Group Theory and the Ghanaian Case", World Politics , 23 (3): 399-430.
240. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) (2009a) "KyrgyzGaz Says It Can't Repay Debt to Uzbekistan", RFE/RL, 30 September. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/content/KyrgyzGaz_Says_It_Cant_Repay_Debt_To_Uzbekistan/1839831.html (accessed 1 November 2009).
241. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) (2009b) "Russia, Kyrgyzstan Sign Base Deal at CSTO Summit", 1 August. Online.Available at www.rferl.org/content/Russia_Kyrgyzstan_Sign_Base_Deal_At_CSTO_Summit/1790351.html (accessed 1 November 2009).
242. Raymond, G.A. (2003) "The Evolving Strategies of Political Terrorism", in C. Kegley (ed.) The New Global Terrorism , Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
243. Rees, W. and Aldrich, R.J. (2005) "Contending Cultures of Counterterrorism: Transatlantic Divergence or Convergence?" International Affairs , 81 (5): 905-23.
244. RIA Novosti (2006a) "Authorities' Actions during Andijan Riot Justified - Nazarbaev",22 March. Online. Available at http://en.rian.ru/world/20060322/44646267.html (accessed 3 November 2009).
245. RIA Novosti (2006b) "Kazakhstan Derzhit Kurs na Rossiyu" [Kazakhstan Steers a Course toward Russia], 1 March. Online. Available at www.dni.ru/polit/2006/3/1/78383.html (accessed 3 November 2009).
246. Rivera, S.W. (2004) "Elites and the Diffusion of Foreign Models in Russia", Political Studies , 52 (1): 43-62.
247. Robinson, N. (2004) "The Post-Soviet Space", in A.J. Payne (ed.) The New Regional Politics of Development , London: Palgrave.
248. Ro'i, Y. (2000) Islam in the Soviet Union: From the Second World War to Gorbachev ,New York: Columbia University Press.
249. Rose, R. (1993) Lesson-Drawing in Public Policy: A Guide to Learning across Time and Space , Chatham: Chatham House.
250. Rosenstone, S.J. and Hansen, J.M. (1993) Mobilization, Participation and Democracy in Latin America , New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
251. Rotar, I. (1999) Interview with A. Akaev, Nesavisimaya Gazeta , 15 July, p. 2.
252. Rotar, I. (2005a) "Kazakhstan Introduces New Efforts to Suppress Religious Extremism",Eurasia Daily Monitor , 2 (17). Online. Available at www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=27429&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=176&no_cache=1 (accessed 13 August 2009).
253. Rotar, I. (2005b) "Kazakhstan: Religious Freedom Survey, December 2005", Forum 18 News Service , 8 December. Online. Available at www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=701 (accessed 1 May 2009).
254. Sadji (2001) "One Small Step from Democracy to Autocracy", The Jamestown Foundation ,7 (8), 29 August. Online. Available at www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=28030&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=223 (accessed 11 March 2009).
255. Sagdeev, R. (2000) "Central Asia and Islam: An Overview", in R. Sagdeev and S.Eisenhower (eds.) Islam and Central Asia: An Enduring Legacy or an Evolving Threat? Washington, DC: Center for Political and Strategic Studies.
256. Saidazimova, G. (2005a) "Central Asia: Kazakhstan to Replace Uzbekistan in Gas Supplies to Kyrgyzstan", RFE/RL, 30 August. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/08/b156c9c1-a35f-4c3b-bebe-aef5200c4b2a.html (accessed 3 November 2008).
257. Saidazimova, G. (2005b) "Kazakhstan: Government Moves to Add Hizb Ut-Tahrir to List of Terror Groups", RFE/RL, 18 March. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/content/article/1058033.html (accessed 3 November 2008).
258. Saidazimova, G. (2005c) "Kyrgyzstan: Hizb Ut-Tahrir Rallies in South, Urges Election Boycott",RFE/RL, 9 February. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/02/2ff7fdef-dae8-4323-8f61-346a404f3ee9.html (accessed 1 July 2009).
259. Saidazimova, G. (2006) "Kazakhstan: Uzbek with UN Refugee Status Detained in Almaty", RFE/RL, 28 June. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/content/article/1069531.html (accessed 3 November 2008).
260. Saidazimova, G. (2007) "Central Asia: Tashkent and Bishkek Working to Combat 'Terrorism", RFE/RL, 27 July. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/07/26BD94F0-15-F1-4B21-A24B-DFDD9750F5C5.html (accessed 3 November 2008).
261. Saprykin, V. (2004) "Gazprom of Russia in the Central Asian Countries", Central Asia and the Caucasus , 5: 81-91.
262. Saralaeva, L. (2005) "Russia Offers Kyrgyzstan a Hand", RCA, No. 410, 17 September.Online. Available at www.iwpr.net/?p=rca&s=f&o=255822&apc_state=henirca2005 (accessed 31 January 2009).
263. Schmid, A.P. and Crelinsten, R.D. (eds) (1993) Western Responses to Terrorism , London:Frank Cass.
264. Schmidle, N. (2006) "In Central Asia, New Players, Same Game", Washington Post ,29 January, B02.
265. Semenov, Y. (2003) "Rossiya-Kirgizstan: Sovmestnyi poisk resheniya global'nyh problem" [Russia-Kyrgyzstan: Jointly seeking to solve global problems], RFE/RL, 20 September.Online. Available at http://old.radiomayak.rfn.ru/schedules/1/11465.html (accessed 1 July 2009).
266. Shablovskiy, A. (2003) "Russian Air Base in Kyrgyzstan Prepares for Formal Opening Ceremony", Eurasia Insight , 22 October. Online. Available at www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav102203.shtml (accessed 3 July 2008).
267. Shaimergenov, T. (2005) "NATO: Voennaya Strategiya v Tsentral'noi Azii. Pozitsiya Rossii" [NATO: Military Strategy in Central Asia. Russia's Position], Central Asia and the Caucasus , 5: 64-74.
268. Shannon, V.P. (2000) "Norms Are What States Make of Them: the Political Psychology of Norm Violation", International Studies Quarterly , 44 (2): 293-316.
269. Shibutani, T. (1955) "Reference Groups as Perspectives", in H.H. Hyman and E. Singer (eds.) Readings in Reference Group Theory and Research , New York: Free Press.
270. Shpekbaev, A. (2005). "Protivodeistvie Vyzovam i Ugrozam XXI Veka" [Countering Challenges and Threats of the 21st Century], Ministry of the Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 28 March. Online. Available at www.mvd.kz/index.php?p=razdel_more&id5=145&id1=7 (accessed 2 December 2008).
271. Sidel, M. (2004) More Secure Less Free? Antiterrorism Policy and Civil Liberties after September 11 , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
272. Sidorov, S. 2002. "Vmeste-Znachit Nadezhno" [Being together means being foolproof], Interview with the Head of the Central Asian branch of ATC CIS, S. Reva, Slovo Kirgizstana , 25 November. Online. Available at www.cis.minsk.by/main.aspx?uid=1402 (accessed 3 September 2009).
273. Siegel, R.L. and Weinbeg, L.B. (1977) Comparing Public Policies: United States, Soviet Union and Europe , Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
274. Smith, Paul J. (2009) "China's Economic and Political Rise: Implications for Global Terrorism and U.S. - China Cooperation", Studies in Confl ict & Terrorism , 32 (7): 627-45.
275. Socor, V. (2005) "U.S. Reviewing Options in Central Asia", Eurasia Daily Monitor , 2 (153), 4 August. Online. Available at www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=30749 (accessed 3 September 2009).
276. Socor, V. (2009) "Uzbekistan Quietly Stalling on CSTO Collective Forces", Eurasian Daily Monitor , 6 (115). Online. Available at www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=35130 (accessed 30 November 2009).
277. Sokolov, A. (2007) "V Atyrau Obsudili Problemy Protivodeistviya Terrorismu i Exstremismu" [The Problems of Terrorism and Extremism were Discussed in Atyrau], 13 November. KAZINFORM . Online. Available at www.nomad.su/?a=5-200711130506 (accessed 3 November 2009).
278. Spence, M. (2005) "Kyrgyzstan's Lesson to the West. Reform Follows Function", TNR (The New Republic) Online , 30 March. Online. Available at www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=w050328&s=spence033005 (accessed 5 May 2009).
279. Surovtsev, Y.I. (2001) "Novoe Ponimanie Evrasiistva" [A New understanding of Eurasia-ness], Sovremennaya Evropa 2. Online. Available at www.ieras.ru/journal/journal1.2001/2.htm (accessed 8 March 2009).
280. Syaoyan, D. (2008) "Energeticheskaya Strategiya Kitaya i Sotrudnichestvo so Stranami Tsentral'noi Azii" [China's Energy Strategy and Cooperation with Central Asia], in L. Muzaparova (ed.) Kitai i Strany Tsentral'noi Azii v Sovremennyh Geopoliticheskih Realiyah [China and Central Asian Countries in Contemporary Geopolitics], Almaty: IMEP.
281. Syroezhkin, K. (2007) "China in Central Asia: From Trade to Strategic Partnership",Central Asia and the Caucasus , 3: 40-51.
282. Syroezhkin, K. (2008) "Interesy Kitaya v Tsentral'noi Azii" [China's Interests in Central Asia], in M. Shaihutdinova (ed.) Pervyi Forum po Problemam Bezopasnosti i Sotrudnichestva v Tsentral'noaziatsko-Prikaspiiskom Regione [The First Security and Cooperation Forum in the Central Asian and Caspian Sea Region], Almaty: Institut Mirovoi Economiki i Politiki pri Fonde Presidenta RK.
283. Taktogulov, K. (2004) "Kyrgyz President Demands Tougher Action against Terrorism,Criticizes Corruption in Law Enforcement Agencies", Associated Press , 23 October.
284. Telebaev. G. (2003) "Islam v Kazakhstane: Sotsiologicheskii Portret" [Islam in Kazakhstan: A Sociological Portrayal], Analytic , 1: 45-47.
285. The Times of Central Asia (2006a) "China, Kyrgyzstan Agree 'Anti-Terror' Cooperation",No. 25, 15 June.
286. The Times of Central Asia (2006b) "Eurasia: Uphold Human Rights in Combating Terrorism", No. 25, 22 June.
287. Thorne, C. (1992) "American Political Culture and the End of the Cold War", Journal of American Studies , 26 (4): 316-30.
288. Tokaev, K. (1997) Pod Styagom Nezavisimosti: Ocherki o vneshnei politike Kazakhstana [Under the Banner of Independence: Essays on Kazakhstan's foreign policy], Almaty:Bilim.
289. Tolipov, F. (2007) "Central Asia: Universal Democracy, National Democracy, or Enlightened Authoritarianism?" Central Asia and the Caucasus , 2: 7-17.
290. Tomberg, I. (2007) "Energy Policy and Energy Projects in Central Eurasia", Central Asian and the Caucasus , 6 (48). Online. Available at www.ca-c.org/online/2007/journal_eng/cac-06/04.shtml (accessed 3 November 2009).
291. Tretjakov, V. (2004) "'Prezident-Myslitel': O novoi knige Askara Akaeva 'Dumaya obuduschem s optimizmom'" [President-Thinker: About a new book by Askar Akaev,"Thinking about future with optimism"], 18 September. Online. Available at www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php4?st=1095505800 (accessed 3 November 2009).
292. Trofimov, I. (2001) "The State, Society, and Religion in Kazakhstan Today", Central Asia and the Caucasus , 2: 124-29.
293. Trumbore, P. and Woodhead, A. (2005) "Exploring the Terrorism-Repression Dynamic: a Preliminary Analysis, 1991-2004", Paper presented at the 2005 annual meeting of the International Studies Association-Midwest, St. Louis, MO, 21-22 October.
294. Truntsevcki, Y.V. (2005) "Effektivnost' Pravovogo Regulirovaniya Otnoshenii v Sfere Protivodeistviya Terrorismu" [The Effectiveness of Legal Framework for Regulating Relations in the Area of Counteraction to Terrorism], in I.L. Trunov (ed.) Terrorism:Pravovye aspekty bor'by: normativnye i mezhdunarodnye pravovye akty s kommentariyami [Terrorism: Legal aspects of combat: domestic and international legislation with commentaries], Moscow: Eksmo.
295. Turgunbekov, D. (1999) "Vneshnepoliticheskaya Deyatel'nost' Kirgizstana v Protsesse Integratsii SNG" [External Policies of Kyrgyzstan during the Process of Integration of the CIS], Politsphera (2): 3-5.
296. Turner, J.C. (1991) Social Influence , Buckingham: Open University Press.
297. Usaeva, N. (2001) "Trial Focuses Attention on Possible Uighur Repression", RFE/RL, 8 August. Online. Available at www.rferl.org/nca/features/2001/08/31082001115924.asp (accessed 12 May 2009).
298. UN Security Council (2001) Report to the Counter-Terrorism Committee pursuant to Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) of 28 September 2001. S/2001/1307. 27 December.
299. UN Security Council (2002) Report by the Kyrgyz Republic to the Counter-Terrorism Committee Established Pursuant to Paragraph 6 of Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001).S/2002/204, 4 March.
300. UN Security Council (2003a) Supplementary Report of the Government of Kazakhstan pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001). S/2003/862. 4 January.
301. UN Security Council (2003b) Supplementary Report of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic in Response to the Preliminary Questions and Remarks of the United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee. S/2003/776, 30 July.
302. UN Security Council (2003c) Supplementary Report of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic in Response to the Questions and Remarks of the United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee. S/2004/660, 18 August.
303. UN Security Council (2004) National Report of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the Implementation of Resolutions of the United Nations Security Council. S/2004/658/, 14 August.
304. UN Security Council (2006) Response of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic to the Letter of the Chairman of the United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee of 11 October 2005. S/2006/350, 31 May.
305. US Agency for International Development (USAID) (2007) U.S. Overseas Loans and grants, Obligations and Loan Authorizations (The Greenbook). Online. Available at http://gbk.eads.usaidallnet.gov/ (accessed 5 November 2009).
306. US Air Force (2009) "Fact Sheet: Manas Air Base, Kyrgyzstan", 376th Air ExpeditionaryWing, February. Online. Available at http://preview.afnews.af.mil/manas/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=12682 (accessed 3 November 2009) (as cited in Nichol 2009).
307. US Department of State: The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2004) "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Kazakhstan 2003", 25 February. Online.Available at www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27845.htm (accessed 5 October 2009).
308. US Department of State: The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2005) "Tajikistan, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2004", 28 February.Online. Available at www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41712.htm (accessed 1 May 2008).
309. US Department of State: The Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (2004) "U.S. Assistance to the Kyrgyz Republic-Fiscal Year 2004", 17 April. Online. Available at http://merln.ndu.edu/archivepdf/centasia/State/35990.pdf (accessed 4 April 2009).
310. US Department of State: The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (2009) "Country Report on Terrorism 2008: South and Central Asia Overview". Online. Available at www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2008/122434.htm (accessed 21 December 2009).
311. US Department of State: The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (2005) "Country Report on Terrorism 2004". Online. Available at www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/c14818.htm (accessed 3 July 2009).
312. US Department of State: The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (2001) "Report on Foreign Terrorist Organizations", 5 October. Online. Available at www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/rpt/fto/2001/5258.htm (accessed 7 November 2008).
313. US Department of State: The Office of the Secretary of State (2000) "Patterns of Global Terrorism 1999". Online. Available at www.state.gov/www/global/terrorism/fto_1999.html (accessed 1 July 2008).
314. Van Leeuwen, M. (ed.) (2003) Confronting Terrorism: European Experiences, Threat Perceptions and Policies , London: Kluwer Law International.
315. Vlasov, A. (2006) "Rossiya i Kazakhstan - 'Novaya Integratsiya', Zameshannaya na Ekonomike?" [Russia and Kazakhstan: A "New Integration" Entangled in Economics?],Kreml.org , 3 April. Online. Available at http://eurasianhome.org/xml/t/digest.xml?lang=ru&nic=digest&pid=1045 (accessed 2 December 2009).
316. Von Hippel, K. (ed.) (2005) Europe Confronts Terrorism , New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
317. Walker, J.L. (1969) "The Diffusion of Innovations among the American States", American Political Science Review , 63 (3): 880-99.
318. Warkotsch, A. (2008) "Normative Suasion and Political Change in Central Asia", Caucasian Review of International Affairs, 2 (4): 62-71.
319. Weber, M. (1964) The Theory of Social and Economic Organization , trans. A. M. Henderson and T. Parsons, New York: Free Press.
320. Weil, F. (1993) "The Development of Democratic Attitudes in Eastern and Western Germany in a Comparative Perspective", in F. Weil (ed.) Research on Democracy and Society: Democratization in Eastern and Western Europe , vol. 1, Greenwich: JAI Press.
321. Weinstein, M.A. (2005) "Kyrgyzstan at the Crossroads", The Power and Interest New Report , 19 January. Online. Available at http://pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=258&language_id=1 (accessed 1 November 2008).
322. Wegener, H. (2007) "Central Asia: At Last Europe May Be Getting its Act Together",Europe's World , 5: 16.
323. Wendt, A. (1999) Social Theory of International Politics , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
324. Weyland, K. (2004) "Learning from Foreign Models in Latin American Policy Reform:An Introduction", in K. Weyland (ed.) Learning from Foreign Models in Latin American Policy Reform , Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
325. Wilensky, R. (1978) "A Conceptual Analysis of the Verbs Need and Want", Cognitive Science: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2 (4): 391-96.
326. Wood, T. (2006) "Kyrgyzstan's Place in the World", Paper presented at the TOSCCA Workshop: Kyrgyzstan at the Crossroads, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, 7 March.
327. Yasmann, V. (2006) "Russia: Ideological Doctrine Paves Kremlin's Course", RFE/RL, 4 August. www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/8/20b326c7-80a1-4dc6-8dd0-d94fd3712db6.html (accessed 13 March 2008).
328. Yerekesheva, L. (2004) "Religious Identity in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: Global-Local Interplay", Strategic Analysis , 28 (4): 577-88.
329. Yermukanov, M. (2005) "Twin Threats to Kazakhstan", Eurasian Daily Monitor 2 (31). Online. Available at www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=27534 (accessed 3 November 2009).
330. Yermukanov, M. (2006) Kazakhstan Exacerbates "Religious Threat" by Maneuvering Between Beijing and Washington. Eurasia Daily Monitor 3 (90). http://jamestown.nvmserver.com/124/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=31663
331. Yermukanov, M. (2007) "Kazakh Foreign Minister Shifts Priorities from Superpowers to Next-Door Neighbors", Eurasian Daily Monitor , 30 January. Online. Available at www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=32440&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=171&no_cache=1 (accessed 3 November 2009).
332. Yonah, A. (ed.) (2002) Combating Terrorism: Strategies of Ten Countries , Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.
333. Yonah, A. (ed.) (2006) "United States", in A. Yonah (ed.) Counterterrorism Strategies: Successes and Failures of Six Nations , Dulles: Potomac Books Inc.
334. Yonah, A. (ed.) (2008) "Introduction", in A. Yonah and M.B. Kraft (eds.) Evolution of U.S. Counterterrorism Policy , vol. 1, Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.
335. Yu, J. and Liska, A.E. (1993) "The Certainty of Punishment: A Reference Group Effect and It's Functional Form", Criminology 31 (3): 447-64.
336. Yusupova, A. (2009) "Kyrgyz Leader Triggers Election Talk: President's announcement that he plans to go for a second term sparks debate on poll date", Reporting Central Asia No. 567, Institute for War & Peace Reporting, 22 February. Online. Available at www.mail-archive.com/reporting_central_asia_english@iwpr.gn.apc.org/msg00121.html (accessed 7 January 2010).
337. Zaller, J. (1992) The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
338. Zhaksybaev, M. (2000) "Foreign Direct Investments in Central Asia", Central Asia and the Caucasus , 6: 148-54.
339. Zhusupaliev, E. (2005) "V Kirgizstane Prinyat Zakon o Bor'be s Ekstremizmom" [A Law on Combating Extremism Is Adopted in Kyrgyzstan], Fergana.ru , 7 September. Online.Available at www.ferghana.ru/article.php?id=3951 (accessed 1 March 2009).
340. Zhusupov, S. (2001) "Islam v Kazakhstane: Proshloe, nastoyaschee, buduschee vo vzaimootnosheniyah gosudarsva i religii" [Islam in Kazakhstan: Past, present, and future in relations between state and religion] in A. Malashenko and M.B. Olcott (eds.) Islam na Postsovetskom Prostranstve: Vzglyad iznutri [Islam on the Post-Soviet Space:Glance from Inside], Moscow: Carnegie Center.
341. Zürn, M. and Checkel, J. (2005) "Getting Socialized to Build Bridges: Constructivism and Rationalism, Europe and the Nation State", International Organization , 59 (4):1045-79.