Effects of deterrence on intensity of group identification and efforts to protect group identity

Motivation and Emotion

Volumn 38, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 855-865

  Pantaleo, Giuseppe ^a   Miron, Anca M ^b   Ferguson, Mark A ^c   Frankowski, Scott D ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN OSHKOSH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN STEVENS POINT   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO   (United States)

Author keywords

Deterrence; Effort; Group identification; Identity threats; Motivation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84916211866     PISSN: 01467239     EISSN: 15736644     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11031-014-9440-3     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Barreto, M., & Ellemers, N. (2000). You can’t always do what you want: Social identity and self-presentational determinants of the choice to work for a low-status group. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,26, 891–906. doi:10.1177/01461672002610001.
2. Bar-Tal, D. (2013). Intractable conflicts: Socio-psychological foundations and dynamics. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
3. Branscombe, N. R., Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1999a). The context and content of social identity threat. In N. Ellemers, R. Spears, & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity: Context, commitment, content (pp. 35–58). Oxford: Blackwell.
4. Branscombe, N. R., & Miron, A. M. (2004). Interpreting the ingroup’s negative actions toward another group: Emotional reactions to appraised harm. In L. Z. Tiedens & C. W. Leach (Eds.), The social life of emotions (pp. 314–335). New York: Cambridge University Press.
5. Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999b). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,77, 135–149. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.135.
6. Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Schiffhauer, K. (2007). Racial attitudes in response to thoughts of White privilege. European Journal of Social Psychology,37, 203–215. doi:10.1002/ejsp.348.
7. Brehm, J. W. (1999). The intensity of emotion. Personality and Social Psychological Review,3, 2–22. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0301_1.
8. Brehm, J. W., & Miron, A. M. (2006). Can the simultaneous experience of opposing emotions really occur? Motivation and Emotion,30, 13–30. doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9007-z.
9. Brehm, J. W., Miron, A. M., & Miller, K. (2009). Affect as a motivational state. Cognition and Emotion,23, 1069–1089. doi:10.1080/02699930802323642.
10. Brehm, J. W., & Self, E. A. (1989). The intensity of motivation. Annual Review of Psychology,40, 109–131. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.000545.
11. Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues,55, 429–444. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00126.
12. Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,34, 366–375. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.34.3.366.
13. Crandall, C. S., & Eshleman, A. (2003). A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice. Psychological Bulletin,129, 414–446. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.414.
14. Deaux, K. (1996). Social identification. In E. T. Higgins & A. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 857–915). New York: Guilford.
15. Doosje, B., Branscombe, N. R., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of group-based guilt: The effects of ingroup identification. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations,9, 325–338. doi:10.1177/1368430206064637.
16. Doosje, B., Spears, R., & Ellemers, N. (2002). Social identity as both cause and effect: The development of group identification in response to anticipated and actual changes in the intergroup status hierarchy. British Journal of Social Psychology,41, 57–76. doi:10.1348/014466602165054.
17. Ellemers, N., Van Knippenberg, A., & Wilke, H. (1990). The influence of permeability of group boundaries and stability of group status on strategies of individual mobility and social change. British Journal of Social Psychology,29, 233–246. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00902.x.
18. Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological Review,113, 439–460. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.113.3.439.
19. Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1993). Towards a single-process uncertainty reduction model of social motivation in groups. In M. A. Hogg & D. Abrams (Eds.), Group motivation: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 173–190). New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
20. Jetten, J., & Branscombe, N. R. (2006). Living on the edge: Dynamics of intragroup and intergroup rejection experiences. In R. Brown & D. Capozza (Eds.), Social identities: Motivational, emotional and cultural influences (pp. 91–107). New York: Sage.
21. Klein, O., Licata, L., & Pierucci, S. (2011). Does group identification facilitate or prevent collective guilt about past misdeeds? Resolving the paradox. British Journal of Social Psychology,50, 563–572. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02028.x.
22. Klein, O., Spears, R., & Reicher, S. (2007). Social identity performance: Extending the strategic side of SIDE. Personality and Social Psychology Review,11, 1–18. doi:10.1177/1088868306294588.
23. Leach, C. W., Ellemers, N., & Barreto, M. (2007). Group virtue: The importance of morality (vs. competence and sociability) in the positive evaluation of in-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,93, 234–249. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.234.
24. Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., et al. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multi-component) model of ingroup identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,95, 144–165. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144.
25. Maitner, A. T., Mackie, D. M., & Smith, E. R. (2007). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and guilt following ingroup aggression. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations,10, 223–237. doi:10.1177/1368430207075154.
26. Miron, A. M., Branscombe, N. R., & Biernat, M. (2010). Motivated shifting of justice standards. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,36, 768–779. doi:10.1177/0146167210370031.
27. Miron, A. M., & Brehm, J. W. (2012). Emotional intensity theory and its cardiovascular implications for emotional states. In R. A. Wright & G. H. E. Gendolla (Eds.), How motivation affects cardiovascular response: Mechanisms and applications (pp. 121–137). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
28. Miron, A. M., Ferguson, M. A., & Peterson, A. (2011). Difficulty of refusal to assist the outgroup nonmonotonically affects the intensity of prejudiced affect. Motivation and Emotion,45, 484–498. doi:10.1007/s11031-011-9220-2.
29. Miron, A. M., Knepfel, D., & Parkinson, S. K. (2009). The surprising effect of partner flaws and qualities on romantic affect. Motivation and Emotion,33, 261–276. doi:10.1007/sl1031-009-9138-0.
30. Pantaleo, G. (2011). Enjoying multiplicity: From familiarity to ‘Multiple Perspectives’. In M. Cadinu, S. Galdi, & A. Maass (Eds.), Social perception, cognition, and language in honour of Arcuri (pp. 51–65). Padua: Cleup.
31. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers,36, 717–731.
32. Roberson, B. F., & Wright, R. A. (1994). Difficulty as a determinant of interpersonal appeal: A social-motivational application of energization theory. Basic and Applied Social Psychology,15, 373–388. doi:10.1207/s15324834basp1503_10.
33. Schmitt, M. T., Miller, D. A., Branscombe, N. R., & Brehm, J. W. (2008). The difficulty of making reparations affects the intensity of collective guilt. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations,11, 267–279. doi:10.1177/1368430208090642.
34. Shah, J. Y., & Gardner, W. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of Motivation Science. New York: Guilford Press.
35. Silvia, P. J., & Brehm, J. W. (2001). Exploring alternative deterrents to emotional intensity: Anticipated happiness, distraction, and sadness. Cognition and Emotion,15, 575–592. doi:10.1080/02699930143000040.
36. Steele, C. M. (2011). Whistling Vivaldi: How stereotypes affect us and what we can do. New York: W. W. Norton.
37. Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups. Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. London: Academic Press.
38. Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
40. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
41. Veenstra, K., & Haslam, S. A. (2000). Willingness to participate in industrial protest: Exploring social identification in context. British Journal of Social Psychology,39, 153–172. doi:10.1348/014466607X231091.
42. Walker, I., & Mann, L. (1987). Unemployment, relative deprivation and social protest. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,13, 275–283. doi:10.1177/0146167287132012.
43. Wright, R. A., & Brehm, J. W. (1989). Energization and goal attractiveness. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Goal concepts in personality and social psychology (pp. 169–210). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
44. Wright, R. A., & Gendolla, G. H. E. (Eds.). (2012). How motivation affects cardiovascular response: Mechanisms and applications. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
45. Wright, R. A., & Pantaleo, G. (2013). Effort processes in achieving performance outcomes: Interrelations among and roles of core constructs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences,36, 705–706. doi:10.1017/S0140525X13001180.