Resistance and resilience: a conceptual framework for silviculture

Forest Science

Volumn 60, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 1205-1212

  Derose, Robert J ^a   Long, James N ^b  

^a USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

^b UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Desired future conditions; Forest management objectives; Forest service; Planning rule

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; NETWORK FUNCTION VIRTUALIZATION; STRUCTURE (COMPOSITION);

ADAPTATION; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS; DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS; EVALUATION STRUCTURE; FOREST SERVICE; MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES; MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES; SPRUCE BEETLES;

FORESTRY;

CLIMATES; FOREST MANAGEMENT; PLANNING;

EID: 84914708047     PISSN: 0015749X     EISSN: 19383738     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5849/forsci.13-507     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. AGAR, A.A., N.M. VAILLANT, & M.A. FINNEY. 2010. A comparison of landscape fuel treatment strategies to mitigate wildland fire risk in the urban interface and preserve old forest structure. For. Ecol. Manage. 259:1556-1570.
2. AGEE, J.K., & C.N. SKINNER. 2005. Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments. For. Ecol. Manage. 211(1-2):83-96.
3. ALEXANDER, R.R. 1987. Ecology, silviculture, and management of the Engelmann spruce—Subalpine fir type in the central and southern Rocky Mountains. USDA For. Serv., Agri. Handbk. No. 659, Washington, DC. 144 p.
4. BAKER, W.L. 2009. Fire ecology in Rocky Mountain landscapes. Island Press, Washington, DC. 628 p.
5. BENTZ, B., C. ALLEN, M. AYRES, E. BERG, A. CARROLL, M. HANSEN, J. HICKE, et al. 2009. Bark beetle outbreaks in Western North America: Causes and consequences. Univ. of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT. 42 p.
6. BENTZ, B.J., J. REGNIERE, C.J. FETTIG, H.E. MATTHEW, J.L. HAYES, J.A. HICKE, R.G. KELSEY, J.F. NEGRON, & S.J. SEYBOLD. 2010. Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: Direct and indirect effects. BioScience 60:602-613.
7. BRAND, F.S., & K. JAX. 2007. Focusing the meaning(s) of resilience: Resilience as a descriptive concept and a boundary object. Ecol. Soc. 12(1):23.
8. BUSSE, M.D., P.H. COCHRAN, W.E. HOPKINS, W.H. JOHNSON, G.M. RIEGEL, G.O. FIDDLER, A.W. RATCLIFF, & C.J. SHESTAK. 2009. Developing resilient ponderosa pine forests with mechanical thinning and prescribed fire in central Oregon’s pumice region. Can. J. For. Res. 39:1171-1185.
9. CARPENTER, S., B. WALKER, J.M. ANDERIES, & N. ABEL. 2001. From metaphor to measurement: Resilience of what to what? Ecosystems 4:765-781.
10. CHURCHILL, D.J., A.J. LARSON, M.C. DAHLGREEN, J.F. FRANKLIN, P.F. HESSBURG, & J.A. LUTZ. 2013. Restoring forest resilience: From reference spatial patterns to silvicultural prescriptions and monitoring. For. Ecol. Manage. 291:442-457.
11. CUCCHI, V., & D. BERT. 2003. Wind-firmness in Pinus pinaster Ait. stands in southwest France: Influence of stand density, fertilisation and breeding in two experimental stands damaged during the 1999 storm. Ann. For. Sci. 60:209-226.
12. DEROSE, R.J., & J.N. LONG. 2007. Disturbance, structure, and composition: Spruce beetle and Engelmann spruce forests on the Markagunt Plateau, Utah. For. Ecol. Manage. 244(1-3):16-23.
13. DEROSE, R.J., & J.N. LONG. 2010. Regeneration response and seedling bank dynamics of a Dendroctonus rufipennis-killed Picea engelmannii landscape. J. Veg. Sci. 21(2):377-387.
14. DEROSE, R.J., & J.N. LONG. 2012. Factors influencing the spatial and temporal dynamics of Engelmann spruce mortality during a spruce beetle outbreak. For. Sci. 58(1):1-14.
15. DREVER, C.R., G. PETERSON, C. MESSIER, Y. BERGERON, & M. FLANNIGAN. 2006. Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience? Can. J. For. Res. 36(9):2285-2299.
16. FETTIG, C.J., K.D. KLEPZIG, R.F. BILLINGS, A.S. MUNSON, T.E. NEBEKER, J.F. NEGRON, & J.T. NOWAK. 2007. The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States. For. Ecol. Manage. 238:25-53.
17. FINNEY, M.A. 2001. Design of regular landscape fuel treatment patterns for modifying fire growth and behavior. For. Sci. 47(2):219-228.
18. FINNEY, M.A., C.W. MCHUGH, & I.C. GRENFELL. 2005. Stand-and landscape-level effects of prescribed burning on two Arizona wildfires. Can. J. For. Res. 35(7):1714-1722.
19. FOLKE, C., S. CARPENTER, B. WALKER, M. SCHEFFER, T. ELMQVIST, L. GUNDERSON, & C.S. HOLLING. 2004. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 35:557-581.
20. FULE, P.Z., A.E.M. WALTZ, W.W. COVINGTON, & T.A. HEINLEIN. 2001. Measuring forest restoration effectiveness in reducing hazardous fuels. J. For. 99(11):24-29.
21. GRAHAM, R.T., S. MCCAFFREY, & T.B. JAIN. 2004. Science basis for changing forest structure to modify wildfire behavior and severity. USDA For. Serv., RMRS-GTR-120, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO. 43 p.
22. GRIMM, V., & C. WISSEL. 1997. Babel, or the ecological stability discussions: An inventory and analysis of terminology and a guide for avoiding confusion. Oecologia 109(3):323-334.
23. GUNDERSON, L.H. 2000. Ecological resilience-In theory and application. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31:425-439.
24. HALPERN, C.B. 1988. Early successional pathways and the resistance and resilience of forest communities. Ecology 69(6):1703-1715.
25. HANSEN, E.M., J.F. NEGRON, A.S. MUNSON, & J.A. ANHOLD. 2010. A retrospective assessment of partial cutting to reduce spruce beetle-caused mortality in southern Rocky Mountains. West. J. Appl. For. 25(2): 81-87.
26. HOLLING, C.S. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 4:1-23.
27. HOLLING, C.S. 1996. Engineering within ecological constraints. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. 224 p.
28. LOMBARDERO, M.J., M.P. AYRES, P.L. LORIO, & J.J. RUEL. 2000. Environmental effects on constitutive and inducible resin defences of Pinus taeda. Ecol. Lett. 3(4):329-339.
29. LONG, J.N. 1994. The middle and southern Rocky Mountain region. P. 335-386 in Regional silviculture of the United States. John Wiley&Sons, New York.
30. LONG, J.N., & J.A. KURTZMAN. 2012. Field note: What makes a range of silvicultural alternatives reasonable? West. J. Appl. For. 27(4):212-214.
31. LONG, J.N., F.W. SMITH, & S.D. ROBERTS. 2010. Developing and comparing silvicultural alternatives: Goals, objectives, and evaluation criteria. West. J. Appl. For. 25(2):96-98.
32. MCKENNEY, D., J. PEDLAR, & G. O’neill. 2009. Climate change and forest seed zones: Past trends, future prospects and challenges to ponder. For. Chron. 85(2):258-266.
33. MILLAR, C.I., N.L. STEPHENSON, & S.L. STEPHENS. 2007. Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecol. Appl. 17(8):2145-2151.
34. MILLER, J.D., H.D. SAFFORD, M. CRIMMINS, & A.E. THODE. 2009. Quantitative evidence for increasing forest fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Mountains, California and Nevada, USA. Ecosystems 12(1):16-32.
35. MITCHELL, R.G., R.H. WARING, & G.B. PITMAN. 1983. Thinning lodgepole pine increases tree vigor and resistance to mountain pine beetle. For. Sci. 29(1):204-211.
36. MOORE, M.E., W.W. COVINGTON, & P.Z. FULE. 1999. Reference conditions and ecological restoration: A southwestern ponderosa pine perspective. Ecol. Appl. 9(4):1266-1277.
37. O’hara, K.L., & B.S. RAMAGE. 2013. Silviculture in an uncertain world: Utilizing multi-aged management systems to integrate disturbance. Forestry 86(4):401-410.
38. PETERSON, G., C.R. ALLEN, & C.S. HOLLING. 1998. Ecological resilience, biodiversity, and scale. Ecosystems 1(1):6-18.
39. PUETTMANN, K.J. 2011. Silvicultural challenges and options in the context of global change: “Simple” fixes and opportunities for new management approaches. J. For. 109(6):321-331.
40. REHFELDT, G.E., N.L. CROOKSTON, M.V. WARWELL, & J.S. EVANS. 2006. Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States. Int. J. Plant Sci. 167(6):1123-1150.
41. REINHARDT, E.D., R.E. KEANE, D.E. CALKIN, & J.D. COHEN. 2008. Objectives and considerations for wildland fuel treatments in forested ecosystems of the interior western United States. For. Ecol. Manage. 256:1997-2006.
42. RITCHIE, M.W., C.N. SKINNER, & T.A. HAMILTON. 2007. Probability of tree survival after wildfire in an interior pine forest of northern California: Effects of thinning and prescribed fire. For. Ecol. Manage. 247(1-3):200-208.
43. SCHMID, J.M., & R.H. FRYE. 1977. Spruce beetle in the Rockies. USDA For. Serv., RMRS-GTR-RM-49, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 37 p.
44. SCHMID, J.M., & R.H. FRYE. 1976. Stand ratings for spruce beetles. USDA For. Serv., RN-RM-309, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 4 p.
45. SKINNER, C.N., & M. RITCHIE. 2008. The cone fire: A chance reckoning for fuel treatments. Fire Sci. Brief (4):1-6.
46. STEPHENS, S.L., R.E.J. BOERNER, J.J. MOGHADDAS, E.E.Y. MOGHADDAS, B.M. COLLINS, C.B. DOW, C. EDMINSTER, et al. 2012a. Fuel treatment impacts on estimated wildfire carbon loss from forests in Montana, Oregon, California, and Arizona. Ecosphere 3(5):art38.
47. STEPHENS, S.L., J.D. MCIVER, R.E.J. BOERNER, C.J. FETTIG, J.B. FONTAINE, B.R. HARTSOUGH, P.L. KENNEDY, & D.W. SCHWILK. 2012b. The effects of forest fuel-reduction treatments in the United States. BioScience 62(6):549-560.
48. STEPHENS, S.L., C.I. MILLAR, & B.M. COLLINS. 2010. Operational approaches to managing forests of the future in Mediterranean regions within a context of changing climates. Environ. Res. Lett. 5(024003): 9 p.
49. STEPHENS, S.L., J.J. MOGHADDAS, C. EDMINSTER, C.E. FIEDLER, S. HAASE, M. HARRINGTON, J.E. KEELEY, et al. 2009. Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western US forests. Ecol. Appl. 19(2):305-320.
50. TURNER, M.G., R.H. GARDNER, & R.V. O’neill. 2001. Landscape ecology in theory and practice: Pattern and process. Springer-Verlag, New York. 406 p.
51. US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA). 2013. Notices. Fed. Regis. 78(177):56202-56208.
52. US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA). 2012. Rules and registration. Fed. Regis. 77(68):21162-21275.
53. VEBLEN, T.T., K.S. HADLEY, E.M. NEL, T. KITZBERGER, M. REID, & R. VILLALBA. 1994. Disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest. J. Ecol. 82(1):125-135.
54. WALKER, B., C.S. HOLLING, S.R. CARPENTER, & A. KINZIG. 2004. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecol. Soc. 9(2):5.
55. WESTMAN, W.E. 1978. Measuring the inertia and resilience of ecosystems. BioScience 28(11):705-710.
56. WHITEHEAD, R.J., L. SAFRANYIK, & T.L. SHORE. 2006. Preventive management. P. 173-192 in The mountain pine beetle: A synthesis of biology, management, and impacts on lodgepole pine, Safranyik, L., and W.R. Wilson (eds.). Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC.