Silviculture in an uncertain world: Utilizing multi-aged management systems to integrate disturbance

Forestry

Volumn 86, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 401-410

  O'Hara, Kevin L ^a   Ramage, Benjamin S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; AGE CLASS; ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FORESTRY PRODUCTION; INTEGRATED APPROACH; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; PLANNING PROCESS; SILVICULTURE; STAND STRUCTURE; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 84882278803     PISSN: 0015752X     EISSN: 14643626     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpt012     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Agee, J.K. 1993 Fire Ecology of Pacific Northwest Forests. Island Press, Washington, DC, 493 pp
2. Assmann, E. 1970 The Principles of Forest Yield Study. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 506 pp. Attiwill, P.M. 1994 The disturbance of forest ecosystems - The ecological basis for conservation management. For. Ecol. Manage. 63, 243-260
3. Baker,W.L. and Ehle, D. 2001 Uncertainty in surface-fire history: The case of ponderosa pine forests in the western United States. Can. J. For. Res. 31, 1205-1226
4. Baker, J.B. and Shelton, M.G. 1998 Rehabilitation of understocked loblolly-shortleaf pine stands: 1. Recently cutover natural stands. South. J. Appl. For. 22, 35-40
5. Barbour, R.J., Hemstrom, M., Ager, A. and Hayes, J.L. 2005 Effects of spatial scale on the perception and assessment of risk of natural disturbance in forested ecosystems: Examples from northeastern Oregon. For. Ecol. Manage. 211, 210-225
6. Beach, R.H., Sills, E.O., Liu, T-M. and Pattanayak, S. 2010 The influence of forest management on vulnerability of forests to severe weather. In Advances in Threat Assessment and Their Application to Forest and Rangeland Management. Pye, J.M., Rauscher, H.M., Sands, Y., Lee, D.C. and Beatty, J.S. (tech. eds). USDA For. Serv. GTR-PNW-802, Portland, OR, USA, pp. 185-206
7. Beese, W.J., Dunsworth, B.G., Zielke, K. and Bancroft, B. 2003 Maintaining attributes of old-growth forests in coastal BC through variable retention. For. Chron. 79(3), 570-578
8. Bodin, P. and Wiman, B.L.B. 2007 The usefulness of stability concepts in forest management when coping with increasing climate uncertainties. For. Ecol. Manage. 242, 541-552
9. Botkin, D.B. 1990 Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, New York, NJ, 241 pp
10. Bragg, D.C., Shelton, M.G. and Zeide, B. 2003 Impacts and management implications of ice storms on forests in the southern United States. For. Ecol. Manage. 186, 99-123
11. Carey, A.B. 2003 Biocomplexity and restoration of biodiversity in temperate coniferous forest: inducing spatial heterogeneity with variable-density thinning. Forestry 76, 127-136
12. Cordonnier, T., Courbaud, B., Berger, F. and Franc, A. 2008 Permanence of resilience and protection efficiency in mountain Norway spruce forest stands: A simulation study. For. Ecol. Manage. 256, 347-354
13. D'Amato, A.W., Bradford, J.B., Fraver, S. and Palik, B.J. 2011a Forest management for mitigation and adaptation to climate change: insights from long-term silviculture experiments. For. Ecol. Manage. 262, 803-816
14. D'Amato, A.W., Fraver, S., Palik, B.J., Bradford, J.B. and Patty, L. 2011b Singular and interactive effects of blowdown, salvage logging, and wildfire in sub-boreal pine systems. For. Ecol. Manage. 262, 2070-2078
15. Dale, V.H., Joyce, L.A., McNulty, S., Neilson, R.P., Ayres, M.P. and Flannigan, M.D. et al. 2001 Climate change and forest disturbances. Bioscience 51, 723-734
16. Diaci, J., Kerr, G. and O'Hara, K. 2011 Twenty-first century forestry: integrating ecologically based, uneven-aged silviculture with increased demands on forests. Forestry 84, 463-465
17. Donovan, G.H. and Brown, T.C. 2007 Be carefulwhat you wish for: The legacy of Smokey Bear. Front. Ecol. Environ. 5, 73-79
18. Drever, C.R., Peterson, G., Messier, C., Bergeron, Y. and Flannigan, M. 2006 Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience? Can. J. For. Res. 36, 2285-2299
19. Edmonds, R.L., Agee, J.K. and Gara, R.I. 2005 Forest Health and Protection. Waveland Press, Long Grove, IL, 630 pp
20. Everham, E.M. and Brokaw, N.V.L. 1996 Forest damage and recovery from catastrophic wind. Bot. Rev. 62, 113-185
21. Flannigan, M.D., Krawchuk, M.A., Groot, W.J.D., Wotton, M. and Gowman, L.M. 2009 Implications of changing climate for global wildland fire. Int. J. Wildl. Fire 18, 483-507
22. Franklin, J.F. and Johnson, K.N. 2012 A restoration framework for federal forests in the Pacific Northwest. J. Forest. 110(8), 429-439
23. Franklin, J.F., Mitchell, R.J. and Palik, B.J. 2007 Natural Disturbance and Stand Development Principles for Ecological Forestry. USDA For. Serv. GTR-NRS-19, Newtown Square, PA, USA, 44 pp
24. Franklin, J.F., Spies, T.A., Van Pelt, R., Carey, A.B., Thornburgh, D.A. and Berg, D.R. et al. 2002 Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglas-fir forests as an example. For. Ecol. Manage. 155(1-3), 399-423
25. Frelich, L.E. 2002 Forest Dynamics and Disturbance Regimes: Studies from Temperate Evergreen-Deciduous Forests. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 266
26. Gamfeldt, L., Snä ll, T., Bagchi, R., Jonsson, M., Gustafsson, L. and Kjellander, P. et al. 2013 Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species. Nat. Comm. 4, Art. 1340
27. Gardiner, B., Byrne, K., Hale, S., Kaminmura, K., Mitchell, S.J. and Peltola, H. et al. 2008 Review of mechanistic modeling of wind damage risk to forests. Forestry 81, 447-463
28. Gardiner, B., Marshall, B., Achim, A., Belcher, R.E. and Wood, C.J. 2005 The stability of different silvicultural systems: A wind-tunnel investigation. Forestry 78, 471-484
29. Geldenhuys, C.J. 2010 Managing forest complexity through application of disturbance-recovery knowledge in development of silvicultural systems and ecological rehabilitation in natural forest systems in Africa. J. For. Res. 15(1), 3-13
30. Goodnow, R., Sullivan, J. and Amacher, G.S. 2008 Ice damage and forest stand management. J. For. Econ. 14, 268-288
31. Guldin, J.M. 2011 Experience with the selection methodin pine stands in the southern United States, with implications for future application. Forestry84, 539-546
32. Guldin, J.M. and Baker, J.B. 1988 Yield comparisons from even-aged and uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf pine stands. South. J. Appl. For. 12, 107-114
33. Hahn, W.A. and Knoke, T. 2010 Sustainable development and sustainable forestry: Analogies, differences, and the role of flexibility. Eur. J. For. Res. 129, 787-801
34. Haight, R.G. 1987 Evaluating the efficiency of even-aged and uneven-aged stand management. For. Sci. 33, 116-134
35. Haight, R.G.and Monserud, R.A. 1990Optimizingany-agedmanagement of mixed-species stands. II. Effects of decision criteria. For. Sci. 36, 125-144
36. Hanewinkel, M. 2002 Comparative economic investigations of even-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems: A critical analysis of different methods. Forestry 75, 473-481
37. Hanewinkel, M., Hummel, S. and Albrecht, A. 2010 Assessing natural hazards in forestry for risk management: A review. Eur. J. For. Res. 130, 329-351
38. Harvey, B.D., Leduc, A., Gauthier, S. and Bergeron, Y. 2002 Stand-landscape integration in natural disturbance-based management of the southern boreal forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 155(1-3), 369-385
39. Hasse, W.D. and Ek, A.R. 1981 A simulated comparison of yields for evenversus uneven-aged management of northern hardwoods. J. Environ. Manage. 12, 235-246
40. Helms, J.A. (ed.) 1998 The Dictionary of Forestry. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD, 210 pp
41. Hett, J.M. and Loucks, O.L. 1976 Age structure models of balsam fir and eastern hemlock. J. Ecol. 64, 1029-1044
42. Hobbs, R.J., Arico, S., Aronson, J., Baron, J.S., Cramer, V.A. and Epstein, P.R. et al. 2006 Novel ecosystems: Theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 15, 1-7
43. Kangas, A.S. and Kangas, J. 2004 Probability, possibility and evidence: Approaches to consider risk and uncertainty in forestry decision analysis. For. Policy Econ. 6, 169-188
44. Keeley, J.E., Aplet, G.H., Christensen, N.L., Conard, S.C., Johnson, E.A. and Omi, P.N. et al. 2009 Ecological foundations for fire management in North American forest and shrubland ecosystems. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-779, Portland, OR, USA, 92 pp
45. Keskitalo, E.C.H. 2011 How can forest management adapt to climate change? Possibilities in different forestry systems. Forests 2, 415-430
46. Knutson, T.R., McBride, J.L., Chan, J.,Emanuel, K., Holland, G.and Landsea, C. et al. 2010 Tropical cyclones and climate change. Nat. Geosci. 3, 157-163
47. Kohm, K.A. and Franklin, J.F. (eds) 1997 Creating a Forestry for the 21st Century: The Science of Ecosystem Management. Island Press, Washington, DC, 475 p.p.
48. Kuhn, T., Hanewinkel, M., Bugmann, H. and Brang, P. Vulnerability of uneven-aged forests to storm damage. Forestry (in review).
49. Kuuluvainen, T., Tahvonen, O. and Aakala, T. 2012 Even-aged and uneven-aged forest management in boreal Fennoscandia: A review. AMBIO 41, 720-737
50. Lähde, E., Laiho, O., Norokorpi, Y. and Saksa, T. 1994a Structure and yield of all-sized conifer-dominated standsonfertile sites. Ann. Sci. For.51, 97-109
51. Lähde, E., Laiho, O., Norokorpi, Y. and Saksa, T. 1994b Structure and yield of all-sized and even-sized Scots pine-dominated stands. Ann. Sci. For. 51, 111-120
52. Laiho, O., Lahde, E. and Pukkala, T. 2011 Uneven- vs even-aged management in Finnish boreal forests. Forestry 84, 547-556
53. Long, J.N. 2009 Emulating natural disturbance regimes as a basis for forest management: A North American view. For. Ecol. Manage. 257, 1868-1873
54. Long, J.N. and Shaw, J.D. 2010 The influence of compositional and structural diversity on forest productivity. Forestry 83, 121-128
55. Lorimer, C.G. 1980 Age structure and disturbance history of a southern Appalachian virgin forest. Ecology 61, 169-1184
56. Lorimer, C.G., Porter, D.J., Madej, M.A., Stuart, J.D., Viers, S.D. Jr and Norman, S.P. et al. 2009 Presettlement and modern disturbance regimes in coast redwood forests: implications for the conservation of old-growth stands. For. Ecol. Manage. 258, 1038-1054
57. Mack, M. and D'Antonio, C. 1998 Impacts of biological invasions on disturbance regimes. Trends Ecol. Evol. 13, 195-198
58. Marris, E. 2011 Rambunctious Garden: Saving Nature in a Post-Wild World. Bloomsbury, New York, NY, 210 pp
59. Mason, W.L. 2002 Are irregular stands more windfirm? Forestry 75, 347-355
60. Millar, C.I., Stephenson, N.L. and Stephens, S.L. 2007 Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecol. Appl. 17, 2145-2151
61. Mitchell, S.J. 2013 Wind as a natural disturbance agent in forests: A synthesis. Forestry 86, 147-157
62. Mizunaga, H., Nagaike, T., Yoshida, T. and Valkonen, S. 2010 Feasibility of silviculture for complex stand structures: Designing stand structures for sustainability and multiple objectives. J. For. Sci. 15, 1-2
63. Moghaddas, J.J., Vollins, B.M., Menning, K., Moghaddas, E.E.Y. and Stephens, S.L. 2010 Fuel treatment effects on modeled landscape-level fire behavior in the northern Sierra Nevada. Can. J. For. Res. 40, 1751-1765
64. Mori, A.S. 2011 Ecosystem management based on natural disturbances: Hierarchical context and non-equilibrium paradigm. J. Appl. Ecol. 48, 280-292
65. Nicholson, E. and Possingham, H.P. 2007 Making conservation decisions under uncertainty. Ecol. Appl. 17, 251-265
66. North, M. 2012 A desired future condition for Sierra Nevada forests. In Managing Serra Nevada Forests. North, M. (ed.). USDA For. Serv. PSW-GTR-237, Albany, CA, USA, pp. 165-175
67. North, M. and Keeton,W.S. 2008 Emulating natural disturbance regimes: An emerging approach for sustainable forest management. In Patterns and Processes in Forest Landscapes: Multiple Use and Sustainable Management. Lafortezza, R., Chen, J., Sanesi, G. and Crow, T.R. (eds). Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 341-372
68. O'Hara, K.L. 1998 Silviculture for structural diversity: A new look at multiaged systems. J. Forest. 96(7), 4-10
69. O'Hara, K.L. 2001 The silviculture of transformation: A commentary. For. Ecol. Manage. 151, 81-86
70. O'Hara, K.L. and Gersonde, R.F. 2004 Stocking control concepts in uneven-aged silviculture. Forestry 77(2), 131-143
71. O'Hara, K.L., Leonard, L.P. and Keyes, C.R. 2012 Variable-density thinning and a marking paradox: Comparing prescription protocols to attain stand variability in coast redwood.West. J. Appl. For. 27(3), 143-149
72. O'Hara, K.L. and Nagel, L.M. 2006 A functional comparison of productivity in even-aged and multiaged 92 stands: A synthesis for Pinus ponderosa. For. Sci. 52, 290-303
73. O'Hara, K.L. and Nagel, L.M. 2014. The stand: Revisiting a central concept in forestry. J. Forest. (in press).
74. O'Hara, K.L. and Valappil, N.I. 1999 MASAM - A flexible stand density management model for meeting diverse structural objectives in multiaged stands. For. Ecol. Manage. 118(1-3), 57-71
75. O'Hara, K.L., Seymour, R.S., Tesch, S.D. and Guldin, J.M. 1994 Silviculture and the changing profession of forestry: Providing leadership for implementing shifting paradigms. J. Forest. 92(1), 8-13
76. Oliver, C.D. and Larson, B.C. 1996 Forest Stand Dynamics, Update Edition. Wiley, New York, NY, 520 p.p.
77. Perera, A.H., Buse, L.J. andWeber, M.G. (eds) 2004 Emulating Natural Forest Landscape Disturbances: Concepts and Applications. Columbia University Press, New York, NY, 315 p.p.
78. Pickett, S.T.A. and White, P.S. 1985 The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 472 p.p.
79. Puettmann, K.J. 2011 Silvicultural challenges and options in the context of global change: 'simple' fixes and opportunities for new management approaches. J. Forest. 109, 321-331
80. Ramage, B.S. and O'Hara, K.L. 2010 Sudden oak death-induced tanoak mortality in coast redwood forests: Current and predicted impacts to stand structure. Forests 1, 114-130
81. Ramage, B.S., O'Hara, K.L. and Caldwell, B.T. 2010 The role of fire in the competitive dynamics of coast redwood forests. Ecosphere 1(6), Art. 20
82. Ramage, B.S., O'Hara, K.L. and Forrestel, A.B. 2011 Forest transformation resulting from an exotic pathogen: Regeneration and tanoak mortality in coast redwood stands affected by sudden oak death. Can. J. For. Res. 41, 763-772
83. Romme, M.H., Boyce, M.S., Gresswell, R., Merrill, E.H., Minshall, G.W. and Whitlock, C. et al. 2011 Twenty years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires: Lessons about disturbance and ecosystems. Ecosytems 14, 1196-1215
84. Salwasser, H. 1990 Gaining perspective: Forestry for the future. J. Forest. 88(11), 32-38
85. Seastedt, T.R., Hobbs, R.J. and Suding, K.N. 2008 Management of novel ecosystems: Are novel approaches required? Front. Ecol. Environ. 6, 547-553
86. Seymour, R.S. and Hunter, M.L. 1992 New Forestry in Eastern Spruce-Fir Forests: Principles and Applications to Maine. Maine Agric. Exp. Stat. Misc. Publ. 716, Orono, ME, USA, 36 p.p.
87. Seymour, R.S., White, A.S. and deMaynadier, P.G. 2002 Natural disturbance regimes in northeastern North America - Evaluating silvicultural systems using natural scales and frequencies. For. Ecol. Manage. 155, 357-367
88. Smith, H.C. and DeBald, P.S. 1978 Economics of even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture and management in eastern hardwoods. In Uneven-aged Silviculture and Management in the United States. USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-24,Washington, DC, USA, pp. 125-141
89. Smith, D.M., Larson, B.C., Kelty, M.J. and Ashton, P.M.S. 1997 The Practice of Silviculture: Applied Forest Ecology. 9th edn. Wiley, New York, NY, 537
90. Spiecker, H. 2003 Silvicultural management in maintaining biodiversity and resistance of forests in Europe. Temperate zone. J. Environ. Manage. 67, 55-65
91. Stanturf, J.A., Goodrick, S.L. and Outcalt, K.W. 2007Disturbance and coastal forests: A strategic approach to forest management in hurricane impact zones. For. Ecol. Manage. 250, 119-135
92. Suffling, R. and Perera, A.H. 2004 Characterizing natural forest disturbance regimes. In Emulating Natural Forest Landscape Disturbances: Concepts and Applications. Perera, A.H., Buse, L.J. and Weber, M.G. (eds). Columbia University Press, New York, NY, pp. 43-54
93. Swift, K. 2012 Forest carbon and management options in an uncertain climate. BC J. Ecosystems Manage. 12, 1-6
94. Tahvonen, O. 2009 Optimal choice between even- and uneven-aged forestry. Nat. Res. Model. 22, 289-321
95. Turner, M.G. 2010 Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world. Ecology 91, 2833-2849
96. Turner, M.G., Baker, W.L., Peterson, C.J. and Peet, R.K. 1998 Factors influencing succession: Lessons from large, infrequent natural disturbances. Ecosystems 1, 511-523
97. Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H. and O'Neill, R.V. 2001 Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 401
98. White, A.S. 1985 Presettlement regeneration patterns of in a southwestern ponderosa pine stand. Ecology 66, 589-594
99. White, P.S. and Jentsch, A. 2001 The search for generality in studies of disturbance and ecosystem dynamics. Prog. Bot. 62, 399-450
100. White, P.S. and Pickett, S.T. 1985 Natural disturbance and patch dynamics: An introduction. In The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. Pickett, S.T. and White, P.S. (eds). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 3-13
101. Wilson, J.S. and Oliver, C.D. 2000 Stability and density management in Douglas-fir plantations. Can. J. For. Res. 30, 910-920
102. Wonn, H.T. and O'Hara, K.L. 2001 Height:diameter ratios and tree stability relationships for four northern Rocky Mountain tree species. West. J. Appl. For. 16(2), 87-94
103. Yousefpour, R., Jacobsen, J.B., Thorsen, B.J., Meilby, H., Hanewinkel, M. and Oehler, K. 2011 A review of decision-making approaches to handle uncertainty and risk in adaptive forest management under climate change. Ann. For. Sci. 69, 1-15