Babel, or the ecological stability discussions: An inventory and analysis of terminology and a guide for avoiding confusion

Oecologia

Volumn 109, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 323-334

  Grimm, Volker ^a   Wissel, Christian ^a  

^a HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH UFZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

(Ecological) stability; Generality; Persistence; Resilience; Terminology

Indexed keywords

CONSTANCY; PERSISTENCE; RESILIENCE; STABILITY;

EID: 0030617425     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004420050090     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Allen LJS (1983) Persistence and extinction in Lotka-Volterra reaction-diffusion equations. Math Biosci 65:1-12
2. Armstrong RA, McGehee R (1976) Coexistence of species competing for shared resources. Theor Popul Biol 9:317-328
3. Baltensweiler W, Fischlin A (1988) The larch bud moth in the Alps. In: Berryman AA (ed) Dynamics of forest insect populations. Plenum Press New York, pp 332-351
4. Begon M, Harper JL, Townsend CR (1990) Ecology, 2nd edn. Blackwell, Oxford
5. Berryman AA (1991) Stabilization or regulation: what it all means. Oecologia 86:140-143
6. Boesch DF (1974) Diversity, stability and response to human disturbance in estuarine ecosystems. In: Proceedings of the first international congress of ecology. Pudoc, Wageningen, pp 109-114
7. Bossel H (1992) Real-structure process description as the basis of understanding ecosystems and their development. Ecol Model 63:261-276
8. Botkin DB (1981) A grandfather clock down the staircase: stability and disturbance in natural ecosystems. In: Waring RH (ed) Forests: fresh perspectives from ecosystem analysis. Oregon State University Press, Corvailis, pp 1-10
9. Botkin DB, Sobel MJ (1975) Stability in time-varying ecosystems. Am Nat 109:625-646
10. Byers RE, Hanssell RIC, Madras N (1992) Stability-like properties of population models. Theor Popul Biol 42:10-34
11. Carpenter SR, Kraft CE, Wright R, He X, Soranno RA, Hodgson JR (1992) Resilience and resistance of a lake phosphorus cycle before and after food web manipulation. Am Nat 140:781-798
12. Chesson PL, Huntly N (1989) Short-term instabilities and long-term community dynamics. Trends Ecol Evol 4:293-298
13. Connell JH, Slatyer RO (1977) Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organiziation. Am Nat 111:1119-1144
14. Connell JH, Sousa WP (1983) On the evidence needed to judge ecological stability or persistence. Am Nat 121:789-824
15. Crowley PH (1992) Densitity dependence, boundedness, and attraction: detecting stability in stochastic systems. Oecologia 90:246-252
16. Danielson BJ, Stenseth NC (1992) The ecological and evolutionary implications of recruitment for competitively structured communities. Oikos 65:34-44
17. DeAngelis DL (1980) Energy flow, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem resilience. Ecology 61:764-771
18. DeAngelis DL, Waterhpuse JC (1987) Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models. Ecol Monogr 57: 1-21
19. Diamond P (1976) Domains of stability and resilience for biological populations obeying difference equations. J Theor Biol 61:287-306
20. Estberg GN, Patten BC (1976) The relation between sensitivity and persistence under small perturbations. In: Levin SA (ed) Ecosystem analysis and prediction. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, pp 151-154
21. Gigon A (1983) Typology and principles of ecological stability and instability. Mountain Res Development 3:95-102
22. Gigon A (1984) Typologie und Erfassung der ökologischen Stabilität und Instabilität mit Beispielen aus Gebirgsökosystemen. Verh Ges Ökol 12:13-29
23. Gigon A, Grimm V (1997) Stabilitätskonzepte in der Ökologie: Typologie und Checkliste für die Anwendung. In: Fränzle O, Müller F, Schröder W (eds) Handbuch der Ökosystemforschung. Ecomed, Landsberg (in press)
24. Goh BS (1980) Management and analysis of biological populations. Elsevier, Amsterdam
25. Grimm V (1996) A down-to-earth assessment of stability concepts in ecology: dreams, demands, and the real problems. Senckenbergiana Mar 27:215-226
26. Grimm V, Uchmański J (1994) Dichteabhängigkeit und asymmetrische Konkurrenz zwischen Individuen: ein individuenbasiertes Modell. Verh Ges Ökol 23:311-319
27. Grimm V, Schmidt E, Wissel C (1992) On the application of stability concepts in ecology. Ecol Model 63:143-161
28. Haber W (1979) Theoretische Anmerkungen zur "ökologischen Planung". Verh Ges Ökol 7:19-30
29. Hall CAS, DeAngelis DL (1985) Models in ecology: paradigms found or paradigms lost? Bull Ecol Soc Am 66:339-346
30. Hallet JG (1991) The structure and stability of small mammal faunas. Oecologia 88:383-393
31. Harrison GW (1979) Stability under environmental stress: resistance, resilience, persistence, and variability. Am Nat 113: 659-669
32. Harwell MA, Cropper WP, Ragsdale HL (1981) Analyses of transient characteristics of a nutrient cycling model. Ecol Model 12:105-131
33. Hastings A (1988) Food web theory and stability. Ecology 69: 1665-1668
34. Rolling CS (1973) Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 4:1-23
35. Hurd LE, Wolf LL (1974) Stability in relation to nutrient enrichment in arthropod consumers of old-field successional ecosystems. Ecol Monogr 44:465-482
36. Hutson V, Schmitt K (1992) Permanence and the dynamics of biological systems. Math Biosci 111:1-72
37. King AW, Pimm SL (1983) Complexity, diversity, and stability: a reconciliation of theoretical and empirical studies. Am Nat 122:145-149
38. Kuss FR, Hall CN (1991) Ground flora trampling studies five years after closure. Environ Manage 15:715-728
39. Law R, Blackford JC (1992) Self-assembling food webs: a global viewpoint of coexistence of species in Lotka-Volterra communities. Ecology 73:567-578
40. Leps J, Osbornova-Kosinova J, Rejmánek M (1982) Community stability, complexity and species life history strategies. Vegetatio 50:53-63
41. Levin SA (1992) The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73:1943-1967
42. Lewontin RC (1969) The meaning of stability. Brookhaven Symp Biol 22:13-24
43. Li J (1988) Persistance in discrete age-structured population models. Bull Math Biol 50:351-366
44. MacArthur RH (1955) Fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability. Ecology 36:533-536
45. Margalef R (1968) Perspectives in ecological theory. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
46. Margalef R (1974) Diversity, stability and maturity in natural ecosystems. In: Proceedings of the first international congress of ecology. Pudoc, Wageningen, pp 66
47. May RM (1973) Qualitative stability in model ecosystems. Ecology 54:638-641
48. May RM (1975) Stability in ecosystems: some comments. In: Dobben WH van, Lowe-McDonnell RH (eds) Unifying concepts in ecology. Junk, The Hague, pp 161-168
49. McIntosh RP (1985) The background of ecology - concept and theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
50. Minns CK (1992) Use of models for integrated assessment of ecosystem health. J Aqua Ecosyst Health 1:109-118
51. Mulholland RJ (1976) Stability analysis of the response of ecosystems to perturbations. In: Levin SA (ed) Ecosystem analysis and prediction. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, pp 166-181
52. Murdoch WW (1970) Population regulation and population inertia. Ecology 51:497-502
53. Nakajima H, DeAngelis DL (1989) Resilience and local stability in a nutrient-limited resource-consumer model. Bull Math Biol 51:501-510
54. Nisbet RM, Gurney WSC (1982) Modelling fluctuating populations. Wiley, Chichester
55. Orians GH (1974) Diversity, stability and maturity in natural ecosystems. In: Proceedings of the first international congress of ecology. Pudoc, Wageningen, pp 64-65
56. Orians GH (1975) Diversity, stability and maturity in natural ecosystems. In: Dobben WH van, Lowe-McDonnell RH (eds) Unifying concepts in ecology. Junk, The Hague, pp 139-149
57. Pickett STA, White PS (eds) (1985) The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, New York
58. Pimm SL (1980) Food web design and the effect of species deletion. Oikos 35:139-49
59. Pimm SL (1984) The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature 307:321-326
60. Pimm SL (1991) The balance of nature? University of Chicago Press, Chicago
61. Preston FW (1969) Diversity and stability in the biological world. Brookhaven Symp Biol 22:1
62. Putrnan RJ, Wratten SD (1985) Principles of ecology. Croom Helm, London
63. Rahel FJ (1990) The hierarchical nature of community persistence: a problem of scale. Am Nat 136:328-344
64. Rejmánek M (1992) Stability in a multi-species assemblage of large herbivores in East Africa: an alternative interpretation. Oecologia 89:454-456
65. Remmert H (1989) Ökologie. Eine Einführung, 4th edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
66. Roff DA (1974) Spatial heterogeneity and the persistence of populations. Oecologia 15:245-258
67. Roughgarden J (1975) Population dynamics in a stochastic environment: spectral theory for the linearized N-species Lotka-Volterra competition equations. Theor Popul Biol 7:1-12
68. Royama T (1977) Population persistence and density-dependence. Ecol Monogr 47:1-35
69. Rutledge RW, Basore BL, Mulholland RJ (1976) Ecological stability: an information theory viewpoint. J Theor Biol 57: 335-371
70. Schaffer W (1981) Ecological abstraction: the consequences of reduced dimensionality in ecological models. Ecol Monogr 51:383-401
71. Schmidt E, Wissel C (1991) Modelle zur Klassifizierung und Quantifizierung ökologischer Stabilität. Verh Ges Ökol 19:709-718
72. Schwegler H (1981) Stabilitätsbegriffe für biologische Systeme. Angew Bot 55:192-137
73. Schwegler H (1985) Ökologische Stabilität. Verh Ges Ökol 13: 263-270
74. Shrader-Frechette KS, McCoy ED (1993) Method in ecology -strategies for conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
75. Siljak DD (1974) Connective stability of complex systems. Nature 249:280
76. Smedes GW, Hurd LE (1981) An empirical test of community stability: resistance of a fouling community to a biological patch forming disturbance. Ecology 62:1561-1572
77. Steele J (1974) Stability in plankton ecosystems. In: Usher MG, Williamson MH (eds) Ecological stability. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 179-191
78. Steinman AD, Mulholland PJ, Palumbo AV, Flum TF, Elwood JW, DeAngelis DL (1990) Resistance of lotic ecosystems to a light elimination disturbance: a laboratory stream study. Oikos 58:80-90
79. Steinman AD, Mulholland PJ, Palumbo AV, Flum TF, DeAngelis DL (1991) Resilience of lotic ecosystems to a light-elimination disturbance. Ecology 72:1299-1313
80. Stocker G (1974) Zur Stabilität und Belastbarkeit von Ökosystemen. Arch Natursch Landschaftsforsch 14:237-261
81. Strong DR (1986a) Density-vague population change. Trends Ecol Evol 1:39-42
82. Strong DR (1986b) Densitiy vagueness: abiding the variance in the demography of real populations. In: Diamond JM, Case TJ (eds) Community ecology. Harper and Row, New York, pp 257-268
83. Strong DR (1990) Realistic models of persistence. Ecology 71:421
84. Sutherland JP (1990) Perturbatiohs, resistance, and alternative views of the existence of multiple stable points in nature. Am Nat 136:270-275
85. Suttman CE, Barrett GW (1979) Effects of serin on arthropods in an agricultural and an old field plant community. Ecology 60:628-641
86. Thornton KW, Mulholland RJ (1974) Lagrange stability and ecological systems. J Theor Biol 45:473-485
87. Ulrich B (1992) Forest ecosystem theory based on material balance. Ecol Model 63:163-183
88. Vincent TL, Anderson LR (1979) Return time and vulnerability for a food chain model. Theor Popul Biol 15:217-231
89. Warner RR, Chesson PL (1985) Coexistence mediated by recruitment fluctuations: a field guide to the storage effect. Am Nat 125:769-787
90. Westman WE (1978) Measuring the inertia and resilience of ecosystems. BioScience 28:705-710
91. Westman WE (1991) Ecological restoration projects measuring their performance. Environ Professional 13:207-215
92. Whittaker RH, Levin SA (1977) The role of mosaic phenomena in natural communities. Theor Popul Biol 12:117-139
93. Williamson M (1972) The analysis of biological populations. Arnold. London
94. Williamson M (1984) The measurement of population variability. Ecol Entomol 9:239-241
95. Williamson M (1987) Are communities ever stable ? Br Ecol Soc Symp 26:353-371
96. Wu LS (1976) On the stability of ecosystems. In: Levin SA (ed) Ecosystem analysis and prediction. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, pp 155-165
97. Wu LS (1977) The stability of ecosystems - a finite-time approach. J Theor Biol 66:345-359
98. Yodzis P (1989) Theoretical ecology. Harper and Row, New York
99. Zwölfer H (1978) Was bedeutet "ökologische Stabilität"? In: Ökologie und Zukunftssicherung. Bayreuther Hefte 3:13-33