메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 1341-1350

Clinical presentation and management of severe Ebola virus disease

Author keywords

Critical illness; Disease outbreaks; Ebola virus disease; Infection control; Intensive care

Indexed keywords

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ANALGESIA; ANOREXIA; ARTICLE; BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; CLINICAL FEATURE; DEHYDRATION; DIARRHEA; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE; ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE; EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY; FATALITY; FATIGUE; FEVER; FILOVIRUS INFECTION; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPOKALEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; INFECTION CONTROL; MIXED INFECTION; NUTRITION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; RESUSCITATION; SAFETY; SHOCK; SUPERINFECTION; TERMINAL CARE; VASCULAR ACCESS; VOMITING; ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS; BRAIN DISEASES; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERIZATION; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ETHICS; HEMORRHAGIC FEVER, EBOLA; INTENSIVE CARE; MALNUTRITION; PHYSIOLOGIC MONITORING; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; TRANSMISSION; WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 84914665733     PISSN: 23296933     EISSN: 23256621     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201410-481PS     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 85067712393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W.H.O. Chief calls Ebola outbreak a 'crisis for international peace
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 13]. Available from
    • N. Cumming-Bruce. W.H.O. Chief calls Ebola outbreak a 'crisis for international peace'. New York Times. [accessed 2014 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/14/world/africa/ebola-virusoutbreak.html.
    • New York Times
    • Cumming-Bruce, N.1
  • 3
    • 84912014036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Nov 2]. Available from
    • CDC. 2014. Ebola outbreak in West Africa: outbreak distribution map. [accessed 2014 Nov 2]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/distribution-map.html.
    • (2014) Ebola Outbreak in West Africa: Outbreak Distribution Map
  • 4
    • 85067716561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 13]. Available from
    • CDC. New modeling tool for response to Ebola virus disease. [accessed 2014 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s0923-ebola-model-Factsheet.html.
    • New Modeling Tool for Response to Ebola Virus Disease
  • 5
    • 84908072433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola virus disease in West Africa: The first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections
    • WHO Ebola Response Team
    • WHO Ebola Response Team. Ebola virus disease in West Africa: The first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections. N Engl J Med 2014;371:1481-1495.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.371 , pp. 1481-1495
  • 6
    • 84906730627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 7]. Available from
    • WHO. Ebola virus disease. [accessed 2014 Oct 7]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/.
    • Ebola Virus Disease
  • 8
    • 38449098793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medecins sans frontieres intervention in the marburg hemorrhagic fever epidemic, uige, angola, 2005: I. Lessons learned in the hospital
    • Jeffs B, Roddy P, Weatherill D, de la Rosa O, Dorion C, Iscla M, Grovas I, Palma PP, Villa L, Bernal O, et al. The Medecins Sans Frontieres intervention in the Marburg hemorrhagic fever epidemic, Uige, Angola, 2005: I. Lessons learned in the hospital. J Infect Dis 2007; 196:S154-S161.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.196 , pp. S154-S161
    • Jeffs, B.1    Roddy, P.2    Weatherill, D.3    De La Rosa, O.4    Dorion, C.5    Iscla, M.6    Grovas, I.7    Palma, P.P.8    Villa, L.9    Bernal, O.10
  • 9
    • 79952363727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola haemorrhagic fever
    • Feldmann H, Geisbert TW. Ebola haemorrhagic fever. Lancet 2011;377: 849-862.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 849-862
    • Feldmann, H.1    Geisbert, T.W.2
  • 10
    • 84907396242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola: A growing threat?
    • Feldmann H. Ebola: A growing threat? N Engl J Med 2014;371: 1375-1378.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.371 , pp. 1375-1378
    • Feldmann, H.1
  • 12
    • 0034066642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in fatal ebola infection, Does the virus toll the bell for immune system?
    • Baize S, Leroy EM, Mavoungou E, Fisher-Hoch SP. Apoptosis in fatal Ebola infection. Does the virus toll the bell for immune system? Apoptosis 2000;5:5-7.
    • (2000) Apoptosis , vol.5 , pp. 5-7
    • Baize, S.1    Leroy, E.M.2    Mavoungou, E.3    Fisher-Hoch, S.P.4
  • 14
    • 84914699724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and pathobiology of ebolavirus infection
    • Press
    • Ansari AA. Clinical features and pathobiology of Ebolavirus infection. J Autoimmun (In press).
    • J Autoimmun
    • Ansari, A.A.1
  • 15
    • 12144288615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome
    • Towner JS, Rollin PE, Bausch DG, Sanchez A, Crary SM, Vincent M, Lee WF, Spiropoulou CF, Ksiazek TG, Lukwiya M, et al. Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome. J Virol 2004;78:4330-4341.
    • (2004) J Virol , vol.78 , pp. 4330-4341
    • Towner, J.S.1    Rollin, P.E.2    Bausch, D.G.3    Sanchez, A.4    Crary, S.M.5    Vincent, M.6    Lee, W.F.7    Spiropoulou, C.F.8    Ksiazek, T.G.9    Lukwiya, M.10
  • 16
    • 84920277316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses
    • Press
    • Martines RB, Ng DL, Greer PW, Rollin PE, Zaki SR. Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg Viruses. J Pathol (In press).
    • J Pathol
    • Martines, R.B.1    Ng, D.L.2    Greer, P.W.3    Rollin, P.E.4    Zaki, S.R.5
  • 17
    • 40749123737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers: A strategy for testing new drugs and vaccines under outbreak conditions
    • Bausch DG, Sprecher AG, Jeffs B, Boumandouki P. Treatment of Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers: A strategy for testing new drugs and vaccines under outbreak conditions. Antiviral Res 2008; 78:150-161.
    • (2008) Antiviral Res , vol.78 , pp. 150-161
    • Bausch, D.G.1    Sprecher, A.G.2    Jeffs, B.3    Boumandouki, P.4
  • 18
    • 80054741233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic clinical and laboratory features of Filoviral hemorrhagic fever
    • Kortepeter MG, Bausch DG, Bray M. Basic clinical and laboratory features of filoviral hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis 2011;204: S810-S816.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.204 , pp. S810-S816
    • Kortepeter, M.G.1    Bausch, D.G.2    Bray, M.3
  • 19
    • 84924903978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The KGH Lassa fever program, the viral hemorrhagic fever consortium, and the who clinical response team. Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in sierra Leone
    • Press
    • Schieffelin JS, Shaffer JG, Goba A, Gbakie M, Gire SK, Colubri A, Sealfon RS, Kanneh L, Moigboi A, Momoh M, et al.; the KGH Lassa Fever Program, the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium, and the WHO Clinical Response Team. Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in Sierra Leone. N Engl J Med (In press).
    • N Engl J Med
    • Schieffelin, J.S.1    Shaffer, J.G.2    Goba, A.3    Gbakie, M.4    Gire, S.K.5    Colubri, A.6    Sealfon, R.S.7    Kanneh, L.8    Moigboi, A.9    Momoh, M.10
  • 21
    • 84861483955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encephalitis due to emerging viruses: CNS innate immunity and potential therapeutic targets
    • Denizot M, Neal JW, Gasque P. Encephalitis due to emerging viruses: CNS innate immunity and potential therapeutic targets. J Infect 2012; 65:1-16.
    • (2012) J Infect , vol.65 , pp. 1-16
    • Denizot, M.1    Neal, J.W.2    Gasque, P.3
  • 23
    • 0037485654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola haemorrhagic fever among hospitalised children and adolescents in northern Uganda: Epidemiologic and clinical observations
    • Mupere E, Kaducu OF, Yoti Z. Ebola haemorrhagic fever among hospitalised children and adolescents in northern Uganda: epidemiologic and clinical observations. Afr Health Sci 2001;1: 60-65.
    • (2001) Afr Health Sci , vol.1 , pp. 60-65
    • Mupere, E.1    Kaducu, O.F.2    Yoti, Z.3
  • 24
    • 85067715849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 23]. Available from
    • IDWeek. Ebola: lessons learned. 2014 [accessed 2014 Oct 23]. Available from: http://www.idweek.org/ebola-idweek-2014/.
    • (2014) Ebola: Lessons Learned
  • 25
    • 85067706548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 23]. Available from
    • WFAA. Presby doc on Ebola response: 'Epitome of health care'. [accessed 2014 Oct 23]. Available from: http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/health/2014/10/18/texas-health-presbyterian-doctor-talksabout-ebola-response/17483917/.
    • Pres By Doc on Ebola Response: 'Epitome of Health Care
  • 28
    • 85067729735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What obstetrician-gynecologists should know about Ebola: A perspective from the centers for disease control and prevention
    • Press
    • Jamieson DJ, Uyeki TM, Callaghan WM, Meaney-Delman D, Rasmussen SA. What obstetrician-gynecologists should know about Ebola: A perspective from the centers for disease control and prevention. Obstet Gynecol (In press).
    • Obstet Gynecol
    • Jamieson, D.J.1    Uyeki, T.M.2    Callaghan, W.M.3    Meaney-Delman, D.4    Rasmussen, S.A.5
  • 31
    • 38449083350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood chemistry measurements and D-Dimer levels associated with fatal and nonfatal outcomes in humans infected with Sudan Ebola virus
    • Rollin PE, Bausch DG, Sanchez A. Blood chemistry measurements and D-Dimer levels associated with fatal and nonfatal outcomes in humans infected with Sudan Ebola virus. J Infect Dis 2007;196:S364-S371.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.196 , pp. S364-S371
    • Rollin, P.E.1    Bausch, D.G.2    Sanchez, A.3
  • 32
    • 4544228226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of human peripheral blood samples from fatal and nonfatal cases of Ebola (Sudan) hemorrhagic fever: Cellular responses, virus load, and nitric oxide levels
    • Sanchez A, Lukwiya M, Bausch D, Mahanty S, Sanchez AJ, Wagoner KD, Rollin PE. Analysis of human peripheral blood samples from fatal and nonfatal cases of Ebola (Sudan) hemorrhagic fever: cellular responses, virus load, and nitric oxide levels. J Virol 2004;78: 10370-10377.
    • (2004) J Virol , vol.78 , pp. 10370-10377
    • Sanchez, A.1    Lukwiya, M.2    Bausch, D.3    Mahanty, S.4    Sanchez, A.J.5    Wagoner, K.D.6    Rollin, P.E.7
  • 33
    • 0032997843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markedly elevated levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-alpha, interleukin (Il)-2, il-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with fatal Ebola virus infection
    • Villinger F, Rollin PE, Brar SS, Chikkala NF, Winter J, Sundstrom JB, Zaki SR, Swanepoel R, Ansari AA, Peters CJ. Markedly elevated levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with fatal Ebola virus infection. J Infect Dis 1999;179:S188-S191.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. S188-S191
    • Villinger, F.1    Rollin, P.E.2    Brar, S.S.3    Chikkala, N.F.4    Winter, J.5    Sundstrom, J.B.6    Zaki, S.R.7    Swanepoel, R.8    Ansari, A.A.9    Peters, C.J.10
  • 34
    • 0029873509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Why were children spared?
    • Dowell SF. Ebola hemorrhagic fever: why were children spared? Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996;15:189-191.
    • (1996) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.15 , pp. 189-191
    • Dowell, S.F.1
  • 36
    • 84908644900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from
    • CDC. Case definition for Ebola virus disease (EVD). [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/casedefinition.html.
    • Case Definition for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
  • 39
    • 0036308447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and mar burg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, rift valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR
    • Drosten C, Gö ttig S, Schilling S, Asper M, Panning M, Schmitz H, G unther S. Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Micro biol 2002;40: 2323-2330.
    • (2002) J Clin Micro Biol , vol.40 , pp. 2323-2330
    • Drosten, C.1    Gö, T.S.2    Schilling, S.3    Asper, M.4    Panning, M.5    Schmitz, H.6    Gunther, S.7
  • 41
    • 38449112975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput molecular detection of hemorrhagic fever virus threats with applications for outbreak settings
    • Towner JS, Sealy TK, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST. High-throughput molecular detection of hemorrhagic fever virus threats with applications for outbreak settings. J Infect Dis 2007;196: S205-S212.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.196 , pp. S205-S212
    • Towner, J.S.1    Sealy, T.K.2    Ksiazek, T.G.3    Nichol, S.T.4
  • 43
    • 84871689715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical manifestations and case management of ebola haemorrhagic fever caused by a newly identified virus strain, bundibugyo, Uganda, 2007-2008
    • Roddy P, Howard N, Van Kerkhove MD, Lutwama J, Wamala J, Yoti Z, Colebunders R, Palma PP, Sterk E, Jeffs B, et al. Clinical manifestations and case management of Ebola haemorrhagic fever caused by a newly identified virus strain, Bundibugyo, Uganda, 2007-2008. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e52986.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e52986
    • Roddy, P.1    Howard, N.2    Van Kerkhove, M.D.3    Lutwama, J.4    Wamala, J.5    Yoti, Z.6    Colebunders, R.7    Palma, P.P.8    Sterk, E.9    Jeffs, B.10
  • 44
    • 60349123968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical care in low-income countries
    • Baker T. Critical care in low-income countries. Trop Med Int Health 2009;14:143-148.
    • (2009) Trop Med Int Health , vol.14 , pp. 143-148
    • Baker, T.1
  • 45
    • 84883169726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical care for severe influenza and other severe illness in resource-limited settings: The need for evidence and guidelines
    • Ortiz JR, Jacob ST, West TE. Clinical care for severe influenza and other severe illness in resource-limited settings: The need for evidence and guidelines. Influenza Other Respi Viruses 2013;7: 87-92.
    • (2013) Influenza other Respi Viruses , vol.7 , pp. 87-92
    • Ortiz, J.R.1    Jacob, S.T.2    West, T.E.3
  • 46
    • 50949095715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies to reduce mortality from bacterial sepsis in adults in developing countries
    • Cheng AC, West TE, Limmathurotsakul D, Peacock SJ. Strategies to reduce mortality from bacterial sepsis in adults in developing countries. PLoS Med 2008;5:e175.
    • (2008) PLoS Med , vol.5 , pp. e175
    • Cheng, A.C.1    West, T.E.2    Limmathurotsakul, D.3    Peacock, S.J.4
  • 49
    • 85067722212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from
    • CDC. Q&As on transmission. [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/qas.html.
    • Q&As on Transmission
  • 51
    • 85066668759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from
    • CDC. Information for healthcare workers and settings. [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/index.html.
    • Information for Healthcare Workers and Settings
  • 52
    • 85067714771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from
    • WHO. Information resources on Ebola virus disease. [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/en/.
    • Information Resources on Ebola Virus Disease
  • 54
    • 84914699715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Nov 1]. Available from
    • Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. Commentary: health workers need optimal respiratory protection for Ebola. [accessed 2014 Nov 1]. Available from: http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2014/09/commentary-health-workers-needoptimal-respiratory-protection-ebola.
    • Commentary: Health Workers Need Optimal Respiratory Protection for Ebola
  • 62
    • 85067723916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Nov 3]. Available from
    • PAHO. Recommendations for cholera clinical management. 2010 [accessed 2014 Nov 3]. Available from: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com-content&view=category&layout=blog&id=3119&Itemid=3467.
    • (2010) Recommendations for Cholera Clinical Management
  • 63
    • 84867004137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical management of filovirus infected patients
    • Clark DV, Jahrling PB, Lawler JV. Clinical management of filovirus infected patients. Viruses 2012;4:1668-1686.
    • (2012) Viruses , vol.4 , pp. 1668-1686
    • Clark, D.V.1    Jahrling, P.B.2    Lawler, J.V.3
  • 67
    • 84872659734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from
    • Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. [accessed 2014 Oct 29]. Available from: http://elsonet.org/images/pdf/ELSO-Ebola-Statement.pdf.
    • Extracorporeal Life Support Organization
  • 68
    • 84904819684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious diseases: Ebola drugs still stuck in lab
    • Enserink M. Infectious diseases: Ebola drugs still stuck in lab. Science 2014;345:364-365.
    • (2014) Science , vol.345 , pp. 364-365
    • Enserink, M.1
  • 69
    • 33846016224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filoviruses: Recent advances and future challenges
    • Bray M, Pilch R. Filoviruses: recent advances and future challenges. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2006;4:917-921.
    • (2006) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther , vol.4 , pp. 917-921
    • Bray, M.1    Pilch, R.2
  • 71
    • 84908264133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who meeting chooses untried interventions to defeat Ebola
    • Maurice J. WHO meeting chooses untried interventions to defeat Ebola. Lancet 2014;384:e45-e46.
    • (2014) Lancet , vol.384 , pp. e45-e46
    • Maurice, J.1
  • 73
    • 84914699712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 7]. Available from
    • Mapp Biopharmaceutical. [accessed 2014 Oct 7]. Available from: http://www.mappbio.com/.
    • Mapp Biopharmaceutical
  • 75
    • 85067723547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 7]. Available from
    • Wellcome Trust. Ebola treatment trials to be fast-tracked in West Africa. [accessed 2014 Oct 7]. Available from: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/News/Media-office/Press-releases/2014/WTP057419.htm.
    • Ebola Treatment Trials to Be Fast-tracked in West Africa
  • 78
    • 85067705800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 2014 Oct 28]. Available from
    • Canadian Critical Care Society. Ebola clinical care guidelines. [accessed 2014 Oct 28]. Available from: http://www.canadiancriticalcare.org.
    • Ebola Clinical Care Guidelines
  • 79
    • 84914708605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola, epidemics, and ethics: What we have learned
    • Donovan GK. Ebola, epidemics, and ethics: what we have learned. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2014;9:15.
    • (2014) Philos Ethics Humanit Med , vol.9 , pp. 15
    • Donovan, G.K.1
  • 80
    • 84908489093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task force for mass critical care; task force for mass critical care, Ethical considerations: Care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters. Chest consensus statement
    • Biddison LD, Berkowitz KA, Courtney B, De Jong CM, Devereaux AV, Kissoon N, Roxland BE, Sprung CL, Dichter JR, Christian MD, et al.; Task Force for Mass Critical Care; Task Force for Mass Critical Care. Ethical considerations: care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters. Chest consensus statement. Chest 2014; 146(Suppl)e145S-e155S.
    • (2014) Chest , vol.146 , pp. e145S-e155S
    • Biddison, L.D.1    Berkowitz, K.A.2    Courtney, B.3    De Jong, C.M.4    Devereaux, A.V.5    Kissoon, N.6    Roxland, B.E.7    Sprung, C.L.8    Dichter, J.R.9    Christian, M.D.10
  • 81
    • 84914691304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing wisely taskforce. An official American thoracic society/American association of critical- care nurses/American college of chest physicians/society of critical care medicine policy statement: The choosing wisely® top 5 list in critical care medicine
    • Halpern SD, Becker D, Curtis JR, Fowler R, Hyzy R, Kaplan LJ, Rawat N, Sessler CN, Wunsch H, Kahn JM; Choosing Wisely Taskforce. An official American Thoracic Society/American Association Of Critical- Care Nurses/American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Policy Statement: The choosing Wisely® top 5 list in critical care medicine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190: 818-826.
    • (2014) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.190 , pp. 818-826
    • Halpern, S.D.1    Becker, D.2    Curtis, J.R.3    Fowler, R.4    Hyzy, R.5    Kaplan, L.J.6    Rawat, N.7    Sessler, C.N.8    Wunsch, H.9    Kahn, J.M.10
  • 82
    • 84914677323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeking worldwide professional consensus on the principles of end-of-life care for the critically Ill. The consensus for worldwide end-of-life practice for patients in intensive care units (WELPICUS) study
    • Sprung CL, Truog RD, Curtis JR, Joynt GM, Baras M, Michalsen A, Briegel J, Kesecioglu J, Efferen L, De Robertis E, et al. Seeking worldwide professional consensus on the principles of end-of-life care for the critically ill. The consensus for worldwide end-of-life practice for patients in intensive care units (WELPICUS) study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190:855-866.
    • (2014) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.190 , pp. 855-866
    • Sprung, C.L.1    Truog, R.D.2    Curtis, J.R.3    Joynt, G.M.4    Baras, M.5    Michalsen, A.6    Briegel, J.7    Kesecioglu, J.8    Efferen, L.9    De Robertis, E.10
  • 84
    • 0032993303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, virologic, and immunologic follow-up of convalescent Ebola hemorrhagic fever patients and their household contacts, kikwit, democratic republic of the Congo. Commission de lutte contre les epidémies à kikwit
    • Rowe AK, Bertolli J, Khan AS, Mukunu R, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Bressler D, Williams AJ, Peters CJ, Rodriguez L, Feldmann H, et al. Clinical, virologic, and immunologic follow-up of convalescent Ebola hemorrhagic fever patients and their household contacts, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit. J Infect Dis 1999;179:S28-S35.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. S28-S35
    • Rowe, A.K.1    Bertolli, J.2    Khan, A.S.3    Mukunu, R.4    Muyembe-Tamfum, J.J.5    Bressler, D.6    Williams, A.J.7    Peters, C.J.8    Rodriguez, L.9    Feldmann, H.10


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.