Monitoring Treatment of Field Cancerisation with 3% Diclofenac Sodium 2.5% Hyaluronic Acid by Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Histologic Correlation

Acta Dermato-Venereologica

Volumn 95, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 45-50

  Malvehy, Josep ^a,b,c   Roldán Marín, Rodrigo ^a,d   Iglesias García, Pablo ^a   Díaz, Alba ^a   Puig, Susana ^a,b,c  

^a HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^b INSTITUT D INVESTIGACIONS BIOMÈDIQUES AUGUST PI I SUNYER IDIBAPS   (Spain)

^c INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

^d Almirall SA Global Dermatology Business Unit ^*  (Spain)

Author keywords

Actinic keratosis; Diclofenac; Field cancerisation; Histology; Hyaluronic acid; Reflectance confocal microscopy

Indexed keywords

DICLOFENAC; HYALURONIC ACID; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

BIOPSY; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECTS; HUMAN; INTRADERMAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; KERATOSIS, ACTINIC; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROCEDURES; SCALP; SCALP DERMATOSES; SKIN NEOPLASMS; TIME; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; BIOPSY; DICLOFENAC; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; HYALURONIC ACID; KERATOSIS, ACTINIC; MALE; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; MICROSCOPY, INTERFERENCE; MIDDLE AGED; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; SCALP; SCALP DERMATOSES; SKIN NEOPLASMS; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84914182269     PISSN: 00015555     EISSN: 16512057     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1860     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Slaughter DP. The multiplicity of origin of malignant tumors: collective review. Int Abstr Surg 1944; 79: 89-98.
2. Slaughter DP, Southwick HW, Smejkal W. Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium. Cancer 1953; 6: 963-968.
3. Ha PK, Califano JA. The molecular biology of mucosal field cancerization of the head and neck. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2003; 14: 363-369.
4. Braakhuis BJ, Tabor MP, Kummer JA, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH. A genetic explanation of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization: evidence and clinical implications. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 1727-1730.
5. Ulrich M, Maltusch A, Röwer-Hubert J, González S, Sterry W, Stockfleth E, Astner S. Actinic keratosis: non-invasive diagnosis for field cancerisation. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156 (Suppl. 3): 13-17.
6. Cockerell CJ. Histopathology of incipient intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma (''actinic keratosis''). J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42: 11-17.
7. Padilla SR, Sebastian S, Jiang Z, Nindl I, Larson R. Gene expression patterns of normal human skin, actinic keratosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 2010; 146: 288-293.
8. Ackerman AB: Solar keratosis is squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 2003; 139: 1216-1217.
9. www.euroderm.org/images/stories/guidelines/guideline_ Management_Actinic_Keratoses-update2011.pdf. Accessed on July, 1st, 2013.
10. Golgau RG. The risk of progression to invasive disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 41: 23-24.
11. Marks R. The role of treatment of actinic keratoses in the prevention of morbidity and mortality due to squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 1991; 127: 1031-1033.
12. de Berker D, McGregor JM, Hughes BR; Bristish Association of Dermatologists Therapy Guidelines and Audit Subcommittee. Guidelines for the management of actinic keratoses. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156: 222-230.
13. Rishpon A, Kim N, Scope A, Porges L, Oliveiro MC, Braun RP, et al. Reflectance confocal microscopy criteria for squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratoses. Arch Dermatol 2009; 145: 766-772.
14. Ulrich M, Krueger-Corcoran D, Roewert-Huber J, Sterry W, Stockfleth E. Reflectance confocal microscopy for noninvasive monitoring of therapy and detection of subclinical actinic keratoses. Dermatology 2010; 220: 15-24.
15. Horn M, Gerger A, Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Weger W, Koller S, Kerl H, et al. Discrimination of actinic keratoses from normal skin with reflectance mode confocal microscopy. Dermatol Surg 2008; 34: 620-625.
16. Ulrich M, Maltusch A, Rius-Diaz F, Röwert-Huber J, González S, Sterry W, et al. Clinical applicability of reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of actinic keratoses. Dermatol Surg 2008; 34: 610-619.
17. Martin GM, Stockfleth E. Diclofenac sodium 3% gel for the management of actinic keratosis: 10+ years of cumulative evidence of efficacy and safety. J Drugs Dermatol 2012; 11: 600-608.
18. Rundhaug JE, Fischer SM. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 plays a critical role in UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84: 322-329.
19. Ulrich M, Stockfleth E. Field treatment of actinic keratosis - focus on COX-2 inhibitors. Actas Dermosifilogr 2009; 100 (Suppl. 2): 55-58.
20. Tjiu JW, Liao YH, Lin SJ, Huang YL, Tsai WL, Chu CY, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression in human basal cell carcinoma cell line increases antiapoptosis, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126: 1143-1151.
21. Nijsten T, Colpaert CG, Vermeulen PB, Harris AL, Van Marck E, Lambert J. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and its precursors: a paired immunohistochemical study of 35 cases. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151: 837-845.
22. Fecker LF, Stockfleth E, Braun FK, Rodust PM, Schwarz C, Köhler A, et al. Enhanced death ligand-induced apoptosis in cutaneous SCC cells by treatment with dicolofenac/ hyaluronic acid correlates with downregulation of c-FLIP. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 2098-2109.
23. Rodust PM, Fecker LF, Stockfleth E, Eberle J. Activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells by diclofenac/hyaluronic acid is related to upregulation of Bad as well as downregulation of Mcl-1 and Bcl-w. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21: 520-525.
24. Maltusch A, Röwert-Huber J, Matthies C, Lange-Asschenfeldt S, Stockfleth E. Modes of action of diclofenac 3%/ hyaluronic acid 2.5% in the treatment of actinic keratosis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2011; 9: 1011-1017.
25. Berman B, Amini S. Pharmacotherapy of actinic keratosis: an update. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13: 1847-1871.
26. Nelson C, Rigel D. Long-term follow up of diclofenac sodium 3% in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel for actinic keratosis: one-year evaluation. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2009; 2: 20-25.
27. Ulrich C, Johannsen A, Röwert-Huber J, Ulrich M, Sterry W, Stockfleth E. Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study of topical diclofenac 3% gel in organ transplant patients with multiple actinic keratoses. Eur J Dermatol 2010; 20: 482-488.
28. Salasche SJ. Epidemiology of actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42: 4-7.
29. Madan V, Lear JT, Szeimies RM. Non-melanoma skin cancer. Lancet 2010; 375: 673-685.
30. Ulrich C, Christophers E, Sterry W, Meyer T, Stockfelth E. Hauterkrangkungen bei organtransplantierten patienten. Hautarzt 2002; 53: 524-533.
31. Stockfleth E, Ulrich C, Meyer T, Christophers E. Epithelial malignancies in organ transplant patients: clinical presentation and new methods of treatment. Recent Results Cancer Res 2002; 160: 251-258.
32. Green A, Williams G, Neale R, Hart V, Leslie D, Parsons P, et al. Daily sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation in prevention of basal-cell and squamouscell carcinomas of the skin: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 723-729.
33. Jeffes EW III, Tang EH. Actinic keratosis. Current treatment options. Am J Clin Dermatol 2000; 1: 167-179.
34. Mittelbronn MA, Mullins DL, Ramos-Caro FA, Flowers FP. Frequency of pre-existing actinic keratosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol 1998; 37: 677-681.
35. Feldman SR, Fleischer AB Jr. Progression of actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma revisited: clinical and treatment implications. Cutis 2011; 4: 201-207.
36. Longo C, Casari A, Beretti F, Cesinaro AM, Pellacani G Skin aging: in vivo microscopic assessment of epidermal and dermal changes by means of confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 68: e73-82.
37. Lin W, Maibach HI. Percutaneous absorption of diclofenac in hyaluronic acid gel: in vitro study in human skin. In: Willoughby D, editor. Hyaluronan in Drug Delivery. Royal Society of Medicine Press, London, 1996: 167-174.
38. Quan T, Wang F, Shao Y, Rittié L, Xia W, Orringer JS, et al. Enhancing structural support of the dermal microenvironment activates fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes in aged human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133: 658-667.
39. Dirschka T, Bierhoff E, Pflugfelder A, Garbe C. Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel induces regression of cancerous transformation in actinic keratoses. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24: 258-263.