Clinical applicability of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of actinic keratoses

Dermatologic Surgery

Volumn 34, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 610-619

  Ulrich, Martina ^a   Maltusch, Adrienne ^a   Rius Diaz, Francisca ^b   Röwert Huber, Joachim ^a   González, Salvador ^c,d   Sterry, Wolfram ^a   Stockfleth, Eggert ^a   Astner, Susanne ^a  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MÁLAGA   (Spain)

^c HOSPITAL RAMÓN Y CAJAL   (Spain)

^d MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTINIC KERATOSIS; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IN VIVO STUDY; KERATINOCYTE; PARAKERATOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; EPIDERMIS; EPILUMINESCENCE MICROSCOPY; KERATOSIS; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PATHOLOGY;

AGED; DERMOSCOPY; EPIDERMIS; HUMANS; KERATOSIS; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; MIDDLE AGED; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 42449119624     PISSN: 10760512     EISSN: 15244725     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2007.34117.x     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Heaphy MR, Ackerman AB. The nature of actinic keratosis: a critical review in a historical perspective. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 43:138 50.
2. Ackerman AB. Solar keratosis squamous cell carcinoma in situ. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003 139:1216 7.
3. Montgomery H, Dörffler J. Verruca seniles und keratoma senile. Arch Dermatol Syph 1932 166:635.
4. Dodson JM, DeSpain J, Hewett JE, Clark DP. Malignant transformation of actinic keratoses and the controversy over treatment: a patient-oriented perspective. Arch Dermatol 1991 127:1029 31.
5. Marks R, Rennie G, Selwood TS. Malignant transformation of solar keratoses to squamous cell carcinoma. Lancet 1988 1:795 7.
6. Guenther ST, Hurwitz RM, Buckel LJ, Gray HR. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas consistently show histologic evidence of in situ changes: a clinicopathologic correlation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999 41:443 8.
7. Braakhuis BJ, Tabor MP, Kummer JA, et al. A genetic explanation of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization: evidence and clinical implications. Cancer Res 2003 63:1727 30.
8. Slaughter DP, Southwick HW, Smejkal W. Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium; clinical implications of multicentric origin. Cancer 1953 6:963 8.
9. Venna SS, Lee D, Stadecker MJ, Rogers GS. Clinical recognition of actinic keratoses in a high risk population. How good are we? Arch Dermatol 2005 141:507 9.
10. Ponsford MW, Goodman G, Marks R. The prevalence and accuracy of non-melanotic skin cancer in Victoria. Aust J Dermatol 1983 24:79 82.
11. Thompson SC, Jolley D, Marks R. Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sun-screen use. N Engl J Med 1993 329:1147 51.
12. Frost CA, Green AC, Wiliams GM. The prevalence and determinants of solar keratoses at a subtropical latitude. Br J Dermatol 1998 139:1033 9.
13. Davis DA, Donahue JP, Bost JE, et al. The diagnostic concordance of actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2005 32:546 51.
14. Zalaudek I, Giacomel J, Argenziano G, et al. Dermoscopy of facial nonpigmented actinic keratosis. Br J Dermatol 2006 155:951.
15. Zalaudek I, Ferrara G, Leinweber B, et al. Pitfalls in the clinical and dermoscopic diagnosis of pigmented actinic keratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005 53:1071 4.
16. Cockerell CJ. Histopathology of incipient intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma ("actinic keratosis"). J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 42:11 7.
17. Nori S, Rius-Diaz F, Cuevas J, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of reflectance mode confocal microscopy for in-vivo diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: a multicenter study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004 51:923 30.
18. Tannous Z, González S. In vivo real-time confocal reflectance microscopy: a non-invasive guide for Mohs micrographic surgery facilitated by aluminum chloride, an excellent contrast enhancer. Dermatol Surg 2003 29:839 46.
19. Torres A, Niemeyer A, Berkes B, et al. 5% imiquimod cream and reflectance-mode confocal microscopy as adjunct modalities to Mohs' micrographic surgery for treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2004 30:1462 9.
20. González S, Tannous Z. Real-time, in vivo confocal reflectance microscopy of basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 47:869 74.
21. Aghassi D, Anderson RR, Gonzalez S. Confocal laser microscopic imaging of actinic keratoses in vivo: a preliminary report. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 43:42 8.
22. Guideline for the management of actinic keratoses [monograph on the Internet]. London: European Dermatology Forum; 2007 Jan 5 [cited 2008 Jan 9]. Available from:
23. Rajadhyaksha M, Grossman M, Esterowitz D, et al. In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin: melanin provides strong contrast. J Invest Dermatol 1995 104:946 52.
24. Rajadhyaksha M, Anderson RR, Webb RH. Video-rate confocal scanning laser microscope for imaging human tissues in vivo. Appl Opt 1999 38:1 12.
25. Rajadhyaksha M, González S, Zavislan JM, et al. In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin II: advances in instrumentation and comparison with histology. J Invest Dermatol 1999 13:293 303.
26. Rajadhyaksha M, Menaker G, Flotte T, et al. Confocal examination of nonmelanoma cancers in thick skin excisions to potentially guide Mohs micrographic surgery without frozen histopathology. J Invest Dermatol 2001 117:1137 43.
27. González S, Rajadhyaksha M, Anderson RR. Non-invasive (real-time) imaging of histologic margin of a proliferative skin lesion in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 1998 111:538 9.
28. Hell S, Reiner G, Cremer C, Stelzer EH. Aberrations in confocal fluorescence microscopy induced by mismatches in refractive index. J Microsc 1993 169:391 405.
29. Gerger A, Koller S, Kern T, et al. Diagnostic applicability of in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in melanocytic skin tumors. J Invest Dermatol 2005 124:493 8.