A meta-analysis of turnover intention predictors among U.S. child welfare workers

Children and Youth Services Review

Volumn 47, Issue P3, 2014, Pages 214-223

  Kim, Hyosu ^a   Kao, Dennis ^b  

^a Chung Ang University   (South Korea)

^b CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Child welfare worker; Meta analysis; Retention; Turnover; Turnover intention

Indexed keywords

EID: 84912567428     PISSN: 01907409     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.09.015     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. *Chen Y.-Y., Park J., Park A. Existence, relatedness, or growth? Examining turnover intention of public child welfare caseworkers from a human needs approach. Children and Youth Services Review 2012, 34(10):2088-2093.
2. *Ellett A.J., Ellett C.D., Rugutt J.K. A study of personal and organizational factors contributing to employee retention and turnover in child welfare in Georgia: Final project report 2003, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
3. American Public Human Services Association Report from the 2004 Child Welfare Workforce Survey: State agency findings 2005, American Public Human Services Association, Washington, DC.
4. Annie E.Casey Foundation The unsolved challenge of system reform: The condition of the frontline human services workforce 2003, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.
5. Arthur W., Bennett W., Huffcutt A.I. Conducting meta-analysis using SAS 2001, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Manwah, NJ.
6. Auerbach C., McGowan B.G., Ausberger A., Strolin-Goltzman J., Schudrich W. Differential factors influencing public and voluntary child welfare workers' intention to leave. Children and Youth Services Review 2010, 32(10):1396-1402.
7. Ausbrooks, A. R. (2007). Child welfare supervisor retention: An exploration of personal and organizational resilience (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin.
8. Benton, A. D. (2010). Why do they stay? Building a conceptual model to understand worker retention and turnover in public child welfare (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley.
9. Blau G. On the aggregation of individual withdrawal behaviors into larger multi-item constructs. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1998, 19(5):437-451.
10. Boyas J., Wind L.H., Kang S.Y. Exploring the relationship between employment-based social capital, job stress, burnout, and intent to leave among child protection workers: An age-based path analysis model. Children and Youth Services Review 2012, 34(1):50-62.
11. Burns K. 'Career Preference', 'Transients' and 'Converts': A study of social workers' retention in child protection and welfare. British Journal of Social Work 2011, 41(3):520-538.
12. Center for Public Policy Priorities A better understanding of caseworker turnover within child protective services 2009, Center for Public Policy Priorities, Austin, TX.
13. Chenot, D. (2007). Organizational culture and retention in public child welfare services organizations (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University.
14. Clark S. Turnover in California's public child welfare agencies: The 2011 California public child welfare workforce study 2012, California Social Work Education Center, University of California at Berkley, Berkley, CA.
15. Cohen-Callow A., Hopkins K.M., Kim H.J. Retaining workers approaching retirement: Why child welfare needs to pay attention to the aging workforce. Child Welfare 2009, 88(5):209-228.
16. DePanfilis D., Zlotnik J.L. Retention of front-line staff in child welfare: A systematic review of research. Children and Youth Services Review 2008, 30(9):995-1008.
17. Dombrowski, M. M. (2003). Milwaukee child welfare workers' perceptions on education, training and retention (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.
18. Drake B., Yadama G.N. A structural equation model of burnout and job exit among child protective services workers. Social Work Research 1996, 20(3):179-187.
19. *Ellett, A. J. (2000). Human caring, self-efficacy beliefs, and professional organizational culture correlates of employee retention in child welfare (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University.
20. Ellett A.J., Collins-Camargo C., Ellett C.D. Personal and organizational correlates of outcomes in child welfare: Implications for supervision and continuing professional development. Professional Development 2006, 9(2/3):44-53.
21. Ellett A.J., Ellett C.D., Ellis J., Lerner B. A research-based child welfare employee selection protocol: Strengthening retention of the workforce. Child Welfare 2009, 88(5):49-68.
22. Ellett A.J., Ellis J.I., Westbrook T.M., Dews D. A qualitative study of 369 child welfare professionals' perspectives about factors contributing to employee retention and turnover. Children and Youth Services Review 2007, 29(2):264-281.
23. Faller K.C., Grabarek M., Ortega R.M. Commitment to child welfare work: What predicts leaving and staying?. Children and Youth Services Review 2010, 32(6):840-846.
24. Faller K.C., Masternak M., Grinnell-Davis C., Grabarek M., Sieffert J., Bernatovicz F. Realistic job previews in child welfare: State of innovation and practice. Child Welfare 2009, 88(5):23-47.
25. Field A.P., Gillett R. How to do a meta-analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 2010, 63(3):665-694.
26. Gonzalez R.P., Faller K.C., Ortega R.M., Tropman J. Exit interviews with departed child welfare workers: Preliminary findings. Journal of Public Child Welfare 2009, 3(1):40-63.
27. Griffeth R.W., Hom P.W., Gaertner S. A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management 2000, 26(3):463-488.
28. Griffin R.W., Moorhead G. Organizational behavior 2007, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA. 8th ed.
29. *Harrison, S. G. (1995). Exploration of factors related to intent to leave among child welfare caseworkers (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.
30. Hollingsworth L.D., Bybee D., Johnson E.I., Swick D.C. A comparison of caseworker characteristics in public and private foster care agencies. Children and Youth Services Review 2010, 32(4):578-584.
31. Hom P.W., Griffeth R.W. Employee turnover 1995, South-Western College Publishing, Cincinnati, OH.
32. Hopkins K.M., Cohen-Callow A., Kim H.J., Hwang J. Beyond intent to leave: Using multiple outcome measures for assessing turnover in child welfare. Children and Youth Services Review 2010, 32(10):1380-1387.
33. Hunter J.E., Schmidt F.L. Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings 2004, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
34. *Hwang, J. (2012). Evaluation of a model relating inclusion, organizational commitment, and intention to leave among child welfare workers (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland, Baltimore.
35. Jacquet S.E., Clark S.J., Morazes J.L., Withers R. The role of supervision in the retention of public child welfare workers. Journal of Public Child Welfare 2008, 1(3):27-54.
36. Jayaratne S., Faller K.C. Commitment of private and public agency workers to child welfare: How long do they plan to stay?. Journal of Social Service Research 2009, 35(3):251-261.
37. Johnson, C. B. (2010). The leadership experiences of child welfare supervisors in the state of Maryland department of human resources: Impacts on the dynamics of retaining supervisory leadership (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Baltimore, MD: University of Baltimore.
38. Judge T.A., Ilies R. Relationship of personality to performance motivation: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology 2002, 87(4):797-807.
39. Kim, H. (2013). Meta-analysis of turnover intention among child welfare workers (unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Houston, Houston, TX. Retrieved from . http://hdl.handle.net/10657/412.
40. Kim H., Ji J., Kao D. Burnout and physical health among social workers: A three-year longitudinal study. Social Work 2011, 6(3):258-268.
41. *Kyonne, J. (2007). The role of teamwork in public child welfare caseworkers' intentions to leave (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Columbia, MO: University of Missouri-Columbia.
42. Lee J., Forster M., Rehner T. The retention of public child welfare workers: The roles of professional organizational culture and coping strategies. Children and Youth Services Review 2011, 33(1):102-109.
43. Lee J., Rehner T., Forster M. Employees' intentions to remain employed in child welfare: Testing a conceptual model. Journal of Public Child Welfare 2010, 4(2):174-197.
44. Levin, A. G. (2003). Profession at risk: Why are so many workers leaving the field of child welfare? Exploring the relationship between diversity, inclusion, supervisory support, stress, job satisfaction and intention to leave among public child welfare workers (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.
45. Lijewski, W. T. (2012). Assessing elements of employee retention in child welfare dependency case managers (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Minneapolis, MN: Walden University.
46. Maertz C.P., Griffeth R.W., Campbell N.S., Allen D.G. The effects of perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support on employee turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2007, 28(8):1059-1075.
47. March J.G., Simon H.A. Organizations 1958, Wiley, New York, NY.
48. *Middleton, J. S. (2011). The relationship between vicarious traumatization and job retention among child welfare professionals (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Denver, CO: University of Denver.
49. Mobley W.H., Griffeth R.W., Hand H.H., Meglino B.M. Review and conceptual analysis of the employee turnover process. Psychological Bulletin 1979, 86(3):493-522.
50. Mor Barak M.E., Levin A., Nissly J.A., Lane C.J. Why do they leave? Modeling child welfare workers' turnover intentions. Children and Youth Services Review 2006, 28(5):548-577.
51. Mor Barak M.E., Nissly Jan A., Levin A. Antecedents to retention and turnover among child welfare, social work, and other human service employees: What can we learn from past research? A review and metanalysis. The Social Service Review 2001, 75(4):625-661.
52. Muchinsky P.M., Morrow P.C. A multidisciplinary model of voluntary employee turnover. Journal of Vocational Behavior 1980, 17(3):263-290.
53. Nissly, J. A. (2004). Prospective and retrospective examinations of factors related to intention to leave and turnover among public child welfare workers (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.
54. Research Foundation of SUNY/BSC/CDHS Teaming in child welfare: A guidebook 2011, Research Foundation of SUNY/BSC/CDHS, Buffalo, New York, (Retrieved from http://ocfs.ny.gov/main/cfsr/Teaming%20in%20Child%20Welfare%20A%20Guidebook%202011.pdf).
55. Schmidt F.L., Le H.A. Hunter-Schmidt Meta-analysis Programs (version 1.1) 2005, (Computer software), Department of Management and Organization, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
56. *Schwartz, S. L. (2007). Engaging our workforce: How job demands and resources contribute to social worker burnout, engagement and intent to leave (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Portland, OR: Portland State University.
57. *Shim, M. (2009). The effects of organizational culture and climate on employee's turnover in public child welfare agencies (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Albany, NY: University at Albany State University of New York.
58. Song, K.-b. (2005). Prevalence of client violence toward child and family social workers and its effects on burnout, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: A structural equation modeling approach (unpublished doctoral dissertation). New York, NY: Columbia University.
59. Sprang G., Craig C., Clark J. Secondary traumatic stress and burnout in child welfare workers: A comparative analysis of occupational distress across professional groups. Child Welfare 2011, 90(6):149-168.
60. Tett R.P., Meyer J.P. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology 1993, 46(2):259-293.
61. *Travis, D. J. (2006). Understanding employees' efforts to seek change or quit: A longitudinal study of human and social service workers' cognitive and behavioral responses to their work experiences (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.
62. United States General Accounting Office Child welfare: HHS could play a greater role in helping child welfare agencies recruit and retain staff 2003, United States General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.
63. Wanous J.P., Reichers A.E. Estimating the reliability of a single-item measure. Psychological Reports 1996, 78(2):631-634.
64. Whitener E.M. Confusion of confidence intervals and credibility intervals in meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology 1990, 75(3):315-321.
65. *Willis, N. G. (2010). Using systems theory and social exchange theory to understand factors that impact retention, turnover and motivation to work in a public child welfare agency (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Houston, TX: University of Houston.
66. Zimmerman R.D., Darnold T.C. The impact of job performance on employee turnover intentions and the voluntary turnover process A meta-analysis and path model. Personnel Review 2009, 38(1-2):142-158.
67. Zlotnik J.L., DePanfilis D., Daining C., Lane M.M. Factors influencing retention of child welfare staff: A systematic review of research 2005, Institute for the Advancement of Social Work Research, Washington, DC.