A newly recognized family from the Horn of Africa, the Heterocephalidae (Rodentia: Ctenohystrica)

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

Volumn 172, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 942-963

  Patterson, Bruce D ^a   Upham, Nathan S ^b,c  

^a FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bathyergidae; Molecular dating; Phylogeny; Rodent; Taxonomy; Timetree

Indexed keywords

BATHYERGIDAE; RODENTIA;

EID: 84911965974     PISSN: 00244082     EISSN: 10963642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12201     Document Type: Article

References (142)

1. Adkins R, Walton A, Honeycutt R. 2003. Higher-level systematics of rodents and divergence time estimates based on two congruent nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26: 409-420.
2. Allard MW, Honeycutt RL. 1992. Nucleotide-sequence variation in the mitochondrial 12s ribosomal-RNA gene and the phylogeny of African mole-rats (Rodentia, Bathyergidae). Molecular Biology and Evolution 9: 27-40.
3. Ameghino F. 1889. Contribucion al conocimiento de los mamíferos fósiles, etc. Actas Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba 6: xxxiii + 1-1027.
4. Antoine PO, Marivaux L, Croft DA, Billet G, Ganerød M, Jaramillo C, Martin T, Orliac MJ, Tejada J, Altamirano AJ. 2012. Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279: 1319-1326.
5. Antonelli A, Sanmartín I. 2011. Mass extinction, gradual cooling, or rapid radiation? Reconstructing the spatiotemporal evolution of the ancient angiosperm genus Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae) using empirical and simulated approaches. Systematic Biology 60: 596-615.
6. Begall S, Burda H, Schleich CE, eds. 2007. Subterranean rodents - news from underground. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
7. Bennett NC, Faulkes CG. 2000. African mole-rats: ecology and eusociality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8. Benton MJ. 2007. The phylocode: beating a dead horse? Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52: 651-655.
9. Benton MJ, Donoghue PCJ, Asher RJ. 2009. Calibrating and constraining molecular clocks. In: Hedges SB, Kumar S, eds. The timetree of life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 35-86.
10. Bertrand OC, Flynn JJ, Croft DA, Wyss AR. 2012. Two new taxa (Caviomorpha, Rodentia) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna (Chile). American Museum Novitates 3750: 1-36.
11. Blake JG, Mosquera D, Guerra J, Loiselle BA, Romo D, Swing K. 2011. Mineral licks as diversity hotspots in lowland forest of eastern Ecuador. Diversity 3: 217-234.
12. Blanga-Kanfi S, Miranda H, Penn O, Pupko T, DeBry RW, Huchon D. 2009. Rodent phylogeny revised: analysis of six nuclear genes from all major rodent clades. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 12.
13. Bondesio P, Laza J, Scillato Yané G, Tonni EP, Vucetich MG. 1980. Estado actual del conocimiento de los vertebrados de la Formación Arroyo Chasicó (Plioceno temprano) de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Actas II Congreso Argentino de Paloentología y Bioestratigrafía y I Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología 3: 101-127.
14. Brandt J. 1855. Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Saugethiere Russlands. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg 69: 1-375.
15. Bugge J. 1974. The cephalic arteries of hystricomorph rodents. In: Rolands IW, Weir BJ, eds. The biology of hystricomorph rodents. London: Symposium Zoological Society of London, 61-78.
16. Bugge J. 1985. Systematic value of the carotid arterial pattern in rodents. In: Luckett WP, Hartenberger J-L, eds. Evolutionary relationships among rodents: a multidisciplinary analysis. New York and London: Plenum Press, 355-380.
17. Burda H, Honeycutt RL, Begall S, Locker-Grutjen O, Scharff A. 2000. Are naked and common mole-rats eusocial and if so, why? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 47: 293-303.
18. Candela AM, Noriega JI. 2004. Los coipos (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Myocastoridae) del 'Mesopotamiense'(Mioceno tardío; Formación Ituzaingó) de la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina. INSUGEO (Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica), Miscelánea 12: 77-82.
19. Churakov G, Sadasivuni MK, Rosenbloom KR, Huchon D, Brosius J, Schmitz J. 2010. Rodent evolution: back to the root. Molecular Biology and Evolution 27: 1315-1326.
20. Ciccioli PL, Limarino CO, Marenssi SA. 2005. Nuevas edades radimétricas para la Formación Toro Negro en la Sierra de los Colorados, Sierras Pampeanas Noroccidentales, provincia de La Rioja. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 60: 251-254.
21. Cione A, Azpelicueta M, Bond M, Carlini A, Casciotta J, Cozzuol M, de La Fuente M, Gasparini Z, Goin F, Noriega J. 2000. Miocene vertebrates from Entre Ríos Province, eastern Argentina. INSUGEO (Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica), Serie Correlación Geológica 45: 191-237.
22. Cione AL, Tonni EP. 1995. Chronostratigraphy and 'land-mammal ages' in the Cenozoic of southern South America: principles, practices, and the 'Uquian' problem. Journal of Paleontology 69: 135-159.
23. Colbert EH. 1935. Siwalik mammals in the American Museum of Natural History. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 26: 1-401.
24. Croft DA, Chick JM, Anaya F. 2011. New middle Miocene caviomorph rodents from Quebrada Honda, Bolivia. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 18: 245-268.
25. Dawson M, Marivaux L, Li C, Beard K, Metais G. 2006. Laonastes and the 'Lazarus effect' in Recent mammals. Science 311: 1456-1458.
26. De Graaff G. 1971. Family Bathyergidae, section 6.9. In: Meester J, Setzer HW, eds. The mammals of Africa: an identification manual. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1-5.
27. De Graaff G. 1981. The rodents of Southern Africa: notes on their identification, distribution, ecology, and taxonomy. Woburn, MA: Butterworths.
28. DeBry R, Sagel R. 2001. Phylogeny of Rodentia (Mammalia) inferred from the nuclear-encoded gene IRBP. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19: 290-301.
29. Deschamps CM, Vieytes EC, Olivares AI, Vucetich MG. 2009. Primer registro de Cardiatherium chasicoense (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) fuera del área pampeana (Argentina) y su valor bioestratigráfico. Ameghiniana 46: 295-305.
30. Drummond AJ, Suchard MA, Xie D, Rambaut A. 2012. Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1969-1973.
31. Dunn RE, Madden RH, Kohn MJ, Schmitz MD, Strömberg CA, Carlini AA, Ré GH, Crowley J. 2013. A new chronology for middle Eocene-early Miocene South American Land Mammal Ages. Geological Society of America Bulletin 125: 539-555.
32. Edgar RC. 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792-1797.
33. Eisenberg JF, Redford KH. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics, Vol. 3. The central neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
34. Ellerman JR. 1940. The families and genera of living rodents, Vol. 1. Rodents other than Muridae. London: British Museum (Natural History).
35. Ellerman JB, Morrison-Soott TCS, Hayman EW. 1953. Southern African mammals 1758 to 1951: a reclassification. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History).
36. Emmons LH. 2005. A revision of the genera of arboreal Echimyidae (Rodentia: Echimyidae, Echimyinae), with descriptions of two new genera. In: Lacey EA, Myers P, eds. Mammalian diversification from chromosomes to phylogeography (a celebration of the career of James L. Patton). Berkeley, CA: University of California Publications in Zoology, 247-308.
37. Fabre PH, Hautier L, Dimitrov D, Douzery EJP. 2012. A glimpse on the pattern of rodent diversification: a phylogenetic approach. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 88.
38. Fabre P-H, Vilstrup JT, Raghavan M, Sarkissian CD, Willerslev E, Douzery EJP, Orlando L. 2014. Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics. Biology Letters 10: 20140266.
39. Faulkes CG, Bennett NC, Bruford MW, Obrien HP, Aguilar GH, Jarvis JUM. 1997. Ecological constraints drive social evolution in the African mole-rats. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 264: 1619-1627.
40. Fields RW. 1957. Hystricomorph rodents from the late Miocene of Colombia, South America. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 32: 273-404.
41. Flynn JJ, Wyss AR, Croft DA, Charrier R. 2003. The Tinguiririca Fauna, Chile: biochronology, paleoecology, biogeography, and a new earliest Oligocene South American Land Mammal 'Age'. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 195: 229-259.
42. Flynn LJ, Jacobs LL, Cheema IU. 1986. Baluchimyinae, a new ctenodactyloid rodent subfamily from the Miocene of Baluchistan. American Museum Novitates 2841: 1-58.
43. Frailey CD, Campbell KE, Jr. 2004. Paleogene rodents from Amazonian Peru: the Santa Rosa local fauna. In: Campbell KE, Jr, ed. The Paleogene mammalian fauna of Santa Rosa, Amazonian Peru. Los Angeles, CA: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 40. 71-130.
44. de Freitas TRO, Fernandes FA, Fornel R, Roratto PA. 2012. An endemic new species of tuco-tuco, genus Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae), with a restricted geographic distribution in southern Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy 93: 1355-1367.
45. Fulton TL, Strobeck C. 2010. Multiple fossil calibrations, nuclear loci and mitochondrial genomes provide new insight into biogeography and divergence timing for true seals (Phocidae, Pinnipedia). Journal of Biogeography 37: 814-829.
46. Galewski T, Mauffrey J-F, Leite YLR, Patton JL, Douzery EJP. 2005. Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34: 601-615.
47. Gorbunova V, Hine C, Tian X, Ablaeva J, Gudkov AV, Nevo E, Seluanov A. 2012. Cancer resistance in the blind mole rat is mediated by concerted necrotic cell death mechanism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 109: 19392-19396.
48. Gradstein FM, Ogg JG, Smith AG. 2004. A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
49. Hedges SB, Kumar S. 2003. Genomic clocks and evolutionary timescales. Trends in Genetics 19: 200-206.
50. Honeycutt R, Allard M, Edwards S, Schlitter D. 1991. Systematics and evolution of the family Bathyergidae. In: Sherman PW, Jarvis JUM, Alexander RD, eds. The biology of the naked mole-rat. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 46-65.
51. Honeycutt RL, Rowe DL, Gallardo MH. 2003. Molecular systematics of the South American caviomorph rodents: relationships among species and genera in the family Octodontidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26: 476-489.
52. Huchon D, Catzeflis FM, Douzery EJ. 2000. Variance of molecular datings, evolution of rodents and the phylogenetic affinities between Ctenodactylidae and Hystricognathi. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 267: 393-402.
53. Huchon D, Chevret P, Jordan U, Kilpatrick CW, Ranwez V, Jenkins PD, Brosius J, Schmitz J. 2007. Multiple molecular evidences for a living mammalian fossil. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 104: 7495-7499.
54. Hussain S, De Bruijn H, Leinders J. 1978. Middle Eocene rodents from the Kala Chitta range (Punjab, Pakistan). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen 81: 101-112.
55. Ingram CM, Burda H, Honeycutt RL. 2004. Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of the African mole-rats, genus Cryptomys and the new genus Coetomys Gray, 1864. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 997-1014.
56. IUCN. 2012. International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of threatened species. Version 2011.2. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org/search
57. Jarvis JUM, Bennett NC. 1993. Eusociality has evolved independently in two genera of bathyergid mole-rats - but occurs in no other subterranean mammal. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 33: 253-260.
58. Kay RF, Madden RH, Cifelli RL, Flynn JJ, eds. 1997. Vertebrate paleontology in the Neotropics: the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
59. Kay RF, Madden RH, Vucetich MG, Carlini AA, Mazzoni MM, Re GH, Heizler M, Sandeman H. 1999. Revised geochronology of the Casamayoran South American Land Mammal Age: climatic and biotic implications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 96: 13235-13240.
60. Kotze SH, van der Merwe EL, Bennett NC, O'Riain MJ. 2010. The comparative anatomy of the abdominal gastrointestinal tract of six species of African mole-rats (Rodentia, Bathyergidae). Journal of Morphology 271: 50-60.
61. Kotze SH, van der Merwe EL, Ndou R, O'Riain MJ, Bennett NC. 2009. The colonic groove or furrow: a comparative morphological study of six species of African mole-rats (Rodentia, Bathyergidae). Journal of Morphology 270: 966-975.
62. Kramarz AG. 2002. Roedores chinchilloideos (Hystricognathi) de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno temprano-medio de la provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 4: 167-180.
63. Kundu S, Faulkes CG. 2007. A tangled history: patterns of major histocompatibility complex evolution in the African mole-rats (Family:Bathyergidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91: 493-503.
64. Landry SO Jr. 1957. The interrelationships of the New and Old World hystricomorph rodents. University of California Publications in Zoology 56: 1-118.
65. Landry SO Jr. 1999. A proposal for a new classification and nomenclature for the Glires (Lagomorpha and Rodentia). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin - Zoologische Reihe 75: 283-316.
66. Lavocat R. 1973. Les rongeurs du Miocene d'Afrique orientale. 1. Miocene inférieur. Mémoires et Travaux de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut de Montpellier 1: 1-284.
67. Lavocat R. 1974. What is an hystricomorph? Symposium of the Zoological Society London 34: 7-20.
68. Lavocat R, Parent J-P. 1985. Phylogenetic analyses of middle ear features in fossil and living rodents. In: Luckett WP, Hartenberger J-L, eds. Evolutionary relationships among rodents: a multidisciplinary analysis. New York and London: Plenum Press, 333-354.
69. Lessa EP, Vassallo AI, Verzi DH, Mora MS. 2008. Evolution of morphological adaptations for digging in living and extinct ctenomyid and octodontid rodents. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 95: 267-283.
70. Luckett W. 1985. Superordinal and intraordinal affinities of rodents: developmental evidence from the dentition and placentation. In: Luckett W, Hartenberger J-L, eds. Evolutionary relationships among rodents: a multidisciplinary analysis. New York and London: Plenum Press, 227-276.
71. MacPhee RDE. 2005. 'First' appearances in the Cenozoic land-mammal record of the Greater Antilles: significance and comparison with South American and Antarctic records. Journal of Biogeography 32: 551-564.
72. MacPhee RDE. 2011. Basicranial morphology and relationships of Antillean Heptaxodontidae (Rodentia, Ctenohystrica, Caviomorpha). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 363: 1-70.
73. MacPhee RDE, Iturralde-Vinent MA, Gaffney ES. 2003. Domo de Zaza, an Early Miocene vertebrate locality in South-Central Cuba, with notes on the tectonic evolution of Puerto Rico and the Mona Passage 1. American Museum Novitates 3394: 1-42.
74. Madden RH, Guerrero J, Kay RF, Flynn JJ, Sisher CC III, Walton AH. 1997. The Laventan stage and age. In: Kay RF, Madden RH, Cifelli RL, Flynn JJ, eds. Vertebrate paleontology in the Neotropics: the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 499-519.
75. Maier W, Schrenk F. 1987. The hystricomorphy of the Bathyergidae, as determined from ontogenetic evidence. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 52: 156-164.
76. Marivaux L, Vianey-Liaud M, Jaeger JJ. 2004. High-level phylogeny of early Tertiary rodents: dental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142: 105-134.
77. Marivaux L, Welcomme JL. 2003. New diatomyid and baluchimyine rodents from the Oligocene of Pakistan (Bugti Hills, Balochistan): systematic and paleobiogeographic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 420-434.
78. Mayr E. 1969. Principles of systematic biology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
79. McKenna MC, Bell SK. 1997. Classification of mammals: above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press.
80. Mein P, Pickford M. 2006. Late Miocene micromammals from the Lukeino Formation (6.1 to 5.8 ma), Kenya. Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 75: 183-223.
81. Meredith RW, Janečka JE, Gatesy J, Ryder OA, Fisher CA, Teeling EC, Goodbla A, Eizirik E, Simão TLL, Stadler T, Rabosky DL, Honeycutt RL, Flynn JJ, Ingram CM, Steiner C, Williams TL, Robinson TJ, Burk-Herrick A, Westerman M, Ayoub NA, Springer MS, Murphy WJ. 2011. Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification. Science 334: 521-524.
82. Miller MA, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T. 2010. Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Gateway computing environments workshop (GCE). New Orleans, LA: IEEE.
83. Montgelard C, Forty E, Arnal V, Matthee C. 2008. Suprafamilial relationships among Rodentia and the phylogenetic effect of removing fast-evolving nucleotides in mitochondrial, exon and intron fragments. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8: 321.
84. Nevo E. 1979. Adaptive convergence and divergence of subterranean mammals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10: 269-308.
85. Nevo E, Reig OA, eds. 1990. Evolution of subterranean mammals at the organismal and molecular levels. New York: Alan R. Liss.
86. O'Riain MJ, Jarvis JUM, Faulkes CG. 1996. A dispersive morph in the naked mole rat. Nature 380: 619-621.
87. Olivares AI, Verzi DH, Vucetich MG, Montalvo CI. 2012. Phylogenetic affinities of the late Miocene echimyid Pampamys and the age of Thrichomys (Rodentia, Hystricognathi). Journal of Mammalogy 93: 76-86.
88. Parada A, D'Elía G, Bidau CJ, Lessa EP. 2011. Species groups and the evolutionary diversification of tuco-tucos, genus Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae). Journal of Mammalogy 92: 671-682.
89. Paradis E, Claude J, Strimmer K. 2004. APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language. Bioinformatics 20: 289-290.
90. Park T, Lu Y, Jüttner R, Smith E, Hu J, Brand A, Wetzel C, Milenkovic N, Erdmann B, Heppenstall PA, Laurito CE, Wilson SP, Lewin GR. 2008. Selective inflammatory pain insensitivity in the African naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber). PLoS Biology 6: e13.
91. Pascual R. 1962. Un nuevo Caviinae (Rodentia, Caviidae) de la formacion arroyo Chasico (Plioceno Inferior) de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ameghiniana 2: 169-174.
92. Patterson BD, Velazco PM. 2008. Phylogeny of the rodent genus Isothrix (Hystricognathi, Echimyidae) and its diversification in Amazonia and the Eastern Andes. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 15: 181-201.
93. Pearson OP. 1984. Taxonomy and natural history of some fossorial rodents of Patagonia, southern Argentina. Journal of Zoology 202: 225-237.
94. Peichl L, Nemec P, Burda H. 2004. Unusual cone and rod properties in subterranean African mole-rats (Rodentia, Bathyergidae). European Journal of Neuroscience 19: 1545-1558.
95. Pérez ME, Pol D. 2012. Major radiations in the evolution of caviid rodents: reconciling fossils, ghost lineages, and relaxed molecular clocks. PLoS ONE 7: e48380.
96. Pérez ME, Vucetich MG. 2011. A new extinct genus of Cavioidea (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina) and the evolution of cavioid mandibular morphology. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 18: 163-183.
97. Prochel J, Begall S, Burda H. 2014. Morphology of the carpal region in some rodents with special emphasis on hystricognaths. Acta Zoologica 95: 220-238.
98. de Queiroz A, Gatesy J. 2007. The supermatrix approach to systematics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22: 34-41.
99. de Queiroz K. 2006. The PhyloCode and the distinction between taxonomy and nomenclature. Systematic Biology 55: 160-162.
100. Quintana CA. 1994. Sistemática y anatomía funcional del roedor Ctenomyinae Praectenomys (Caviomorpha: Octodontidae) del Plioceno de Bolivia. Revista Técnica de YPFB (Yacimentos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos) 15: 175-185.
101. R Development Core Team. 2008. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at:http://www.R-project.org
102. Rabosky DL, Slater GJ, Alfaro ME. 2012. Clade age and species richness are decoupled across the eukaryotic tree of life. PLoS Biology 10: e1001381.
103. Reeve HK, Westneat DF, Noon WA, Sherman PW, Aquadro CF. 1990. DNA 'fingerprinting' reveals high levels of inbreeding in colonies of the eusocial naked mole-rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 87: 2496-2500.
104. Reguero MA, Dozo MT, Cerdeno E. 2007. A poorly known rodentlike mammal (Pachyrukhinae, Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Deseadan (Late Oligocene) of Argentina. Paleoecology, biogeography, and radiation of the rodentlike ungulates in South America. Journal of Paleontology 81: 1301-1307.
105. Roberts A. 1951. The mammals of South Africa. Cape Town: Central News Agency.
106. Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP. 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572-1574.
107. Rowe DL, Dunn KA, Adkins RM, Honeycutt RL. 2010. Molecular clocks keep dispersal hypotheses afloat: evidence for trans-Atlantic rafting by rodents. Journal of Biogeography 37: 305-324.
108. Rowe DL, Honeycutt RL. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships, ecological correlates, and molecular evolution within the Cavioidea (Mammalia, Rodentia). Molecular Biology and Evolution 19: 263-277.
109. Sallam HM, Seiffert ER, Simons EL. 2011. Craniodental morphology and systematics of a new family of hystricognathous rodents (Gaudeamuridae) from the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Egypt. PLoS ONE 6: e16525.
110. Sallam HM, Seiffert ER, Steiper ME, Simons EL. 2009. Fossil and molecular evidence constrain scenarios for the early evolutionary and biogeographic history of hystricognathous rodents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 106: 16722-16727.
111. Sanderson MJ. 2003. r8s: inferring absolute rates of molecular evolution and divergence times in the absence of a molecular clock. Bioinformatics 19: 301-302.
112. Schultz PH, Zárate M, Hames W, King J, Heil C, Koeberl C, Renne P, Blasi A. 2002. Argentine impact record. Geological Society of America Abstract Program 6: 178 (abstract).
113. Seluanov A, Hine C, Azpurua J, Feigenson M, Bozzella M, Mao Z, Catania KC, Gorbunova V. 2009. Hypersensitivity to contact inhibition provides a clue to cancer resistance of naked mole-rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 106: 19352-19357.
114. Sherman PW, Braude S, Jarvis JUM. 1999. Litter sizes and mammary numbers of naked mole-rats: breaking the one-half rule. Journal of Mammalogy 80: 720-733.
115. Simpson GG. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85: 1-350.
116. Smith ES, Purfurst B, Grigoryan T, Park TJ, Bennett NC, Lewin GR. 2012. Specific paucity of unmyelinated c-fibers in cutaneous peripheral nerves of the African naked-mole rat: comparative analysis using six species of Bathyergidae. Journal of Comparative Neurology 520: 2785-2803.
117. Stamatakis A. 2006. RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688-2690.
118. Tullberg T. 1899. Über das System der Nagethiere: eine phylogenetische Studie. Uppsala: Akademische Buchdruckerei.
119. Upham NS, Patterson BD. 2012. Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 417-429.
120. Upham NS, Patterson BD. In press. Evolution of the caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera. In: Vassallo AI, Antenucci D, eds. Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM.
121. Verzi DH. 2008. Phylogeny and adaptive diversity of rodents of the family Ctenomyidae (Caviomorpha): delimiting lineages and genera in the fossil record. Journal of Zoology 274: 386-394.
122. Verzi DH, Montalvo CI. 2008. The oldest South American Cricetidae (Rodentia) and Mustelidae (Carnivora): late Miocene faunal turnover in central Argentina and the Great American Biotic Interchange. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 267: 284-291.
123. Verzi DH, Montalvo CI, Deschamps CM. 2008. Biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Late Miocene of central Argentina: evidence from rodents and taphonomy. Geobios 41: 145-155.
124. Verzi DH, Olivares AI, Morgan CC. 2010. The oldest South American tuco-tuco (late Pliocene, northwestern Argentina) and the boundaries of the genus Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae). Mammalian Biology 75: 243-252.
125. Verzi DH, Olivares AI, Morgan CC. 2013. Phylogeny, evolutionary patterns and timescale of South American octodontoid rodents. The importance of recognising morphological differentiation in the fossil record. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica doi:10.4202/app.2012.0135.
126. Verzi DH, Quintana CA. 2005a. The caviomorph rodents from the San Andrés Formation, east-central Argentina, and global Late Pliocene climatic change. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 219: 303-320.
127. Verzi DH, Quintana CA. 2005b. The caviomorph rodents from the San Andrés Formation, east-central Argentina, and global Late Pliocene climatic change. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 219: 303-320.
128. Voss RS, Hubbard C, Jansa SA. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of New World porcupines (Rodentia, Erethizontidae): implications for taxonomy, morphological evolution, and biogeography. American Museum Novitates 3769: 1-36.
129. Vucetich M. 1989. Rodents (Mammalia) of the Lacayani Fauna revisited (Deseadan, Bolivia): comparison with new Chinchillidae and Cephalomyidae from Argentina= La faune rongeur (Mammalia) de la faune Lacayani révisée (Déséadien, Bolivie). Comparaison avec les nouveaux Chinchillidae et Cephalomyidae d'Argentine. Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Section C, Sciences de la terre, paléontologie, géologie, minéralogie 11: 233-247.
130. Vucetich MG, Mazzoni MM, Pardiñas UFJ. 1993. Los roedores de la Formacion Collon Cura (Mioceno medio), y la ignimbrita Pilcaniyeu. Canadon del Tordillo, Neuquen. Ameghiniana 30: 361-381.
131. Vucetich MG, Vieytes EC, Perez ME, Carlini AA. 2010. The rodents from La Cantera and the early evolution of caviomorphs in South America. In: Madden RH, Carlini AA, Vucetich MG, Kay RF, eds. The paleontology of Gran Barranca: evolution and environmental change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 189-201.
132. Walton AH, Nedbal MA, Honeycutt RL. 2000. Evidence from intron 1 of the nuclear transthyretin (Prealbumin) gene for the phylogeny of African mole-rats (Bathyergidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 16: 467-474.
133. van Weers DJ. 2005. A taxonomic revision of the Pleistocene Hystrix (Hystricidae, Rodentia) from Eurasia with notes on the evolution of the family. Contributions to Zoology (Amsterdam) 74: 301-312.
134. Wilson DE, Reeder DM, eds. 2005. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3rd edition. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
135. Wood AE. 1985. The relationships, origin and dispersal of the hystricognathous rodents. In: Luckett WP, Hartenberger J-L, eds. Evolutionary relationships among rodents, a multidisciplinary analysis, NATO Advanced Sciences Series, Life Sciences. New York: Plenum Press, 475-513.
136. Woods CA. 1975. The hyoid, laryngeal and pharyngeal regions of bathyergid and other selected rodents. Journal of Morphology 147: 229-250.
137. Woods CA. 1984. Hystricognath rodents. In: Anderson S, Jones JK Jr, eds. Orders and families of recent mammals of the world. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 389-446.
138. Woods CA, Kilpatrick CW. 2005. Infraorder Hystricognathi Brandt, 1855. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM, eds. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3rd edition. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1538-1600.
139. Wu S, Wu W, Zhang F, Ye J, Ni X, Sun J, Edwards SV, Meng J, Organ CL. 2012. Molecular and paleontological evidence for a post-Cretaceous origin of rodents. PLoS ONE 7: e46445.
140. Wyss AR, Flynn JJ, Norell MA, Swisher CC III, Charrier R, Novacek MJ, McKenna MC. 1993. South America's earliest rodent and recognition of a new interval of mammalian evolution. Nature 365: 434-437.
141. Wyss AR, Norell MA, Flynn JJ, Novacek MJ. 1990. A new Early Tertiary mammal fauna from central Chile: implications for Andean stratigraphy and tectonics. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10: 518-522.
142. Zárate MA. 2005. El Cenozoico tardío continental de la provincia de Buenos Aires. In: de Barrio RE, Etcheverry RO, Caballé MF, Llambías E, eds. Geología y Recursos Minerales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Relatorio XVI Congreso Geológico Argentino 8: 139-158.