Toward a late Holocene glacial chronology for the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, southeastern Tibet

Quaternary Science Reviews

Volumn 107, Issue , 2015, Pages 243-259

  Loibl, David ^a   Hochreuther, Philipp ^b   Schulte, Philipp ^a   Hülle, Daniela ^c   Zhu, Haifeng ^d   Bräuning, Achim ^b   Lehmkuhl, Frank ^a  

^a RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^d INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

Dendrochronology; Detailed geomorphological mapping; Holocene glacier forelands; Little Ice Age; OSL dating; SE Tibet

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; LUMINESCENCE; MAPPING; NUMERICAL METHODS; REMOTE SENSING;

DENDROCHRONOLOGY; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING; HOLOCENES; LITTLE ICE AGE; OSL DATING;

GLACIAL GEOLOGY;

CHRONOLOGY; CLIMATE VARIATION; FORELAND BASIN; HOLOCENE; RADIOCARBON DATING; REMOTE SENSING; TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT;

CHINA; NYAINQENTANGLHA MOUNTAINS; XIZANG;

EID: 84911489515     PISSN: 02773791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.034     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Aitken M.J. An Introduction to Optical Dating - the Dating of Quaternary Sediments by the Use of Photon-stimulated Luminescence 1998, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo.
2. Alexanderson H., Murray A.S. Problems and potential of OSL dating Weichselian and Holocene sediments in Sweden. Quat. Sci. Rev. Quat. Glaciat. Hist. North. Eur. 2012, 44:37-50. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.020.
3. Allen J.R.L., Thornley D.M. Laser granulometry of Holocene estuarine silts: effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment. Holocene 2004, 14:290-295. 10.1191/0959683604hl681rr.
4. Anderson L.S., Roe G.H., Anderson R.S. The effects of interannual climate variability on the moraine record. Geology 2014, 42:55-58. 10.1130/G34791.1.
5. Balco G. Contributions and unrealized potential contributions of cosmogenic-nuclide exposure dating to glacier chronology, 1990-2010. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2011, 30:3-27. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.11.003.
6. Barr I.D., Lovell H. Areview of topographic controls on moraine distribution. Geomorphology 2014, 226:44-64. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.030.
7. Bäumler R. Pedogenic studies in eastern Nepal-new aspects about the last glaciation. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2004, 23:1777-1783. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.003.
8. Benn D.I., Bolch T., Hands K., Gulley J., Luckman A., Nicholson L.I., Quincey D., Thompson S., Toumi R., Wiseman S. Response of debris-covered glaciers in the Mount Everest region to recent warming, and implications for outburst flood hazards. Earth Sci. Rev. 2012, 114:156-174. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.008.
9. Bøtter-Jensen L., McKeever S.W.S., Wintle A.G. Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry 2003, Butterworth Heinemann, Amsterdam; Boston; London.
10. Bräuning A. Tree-ring evidence of Little Ice Age glacier advances in southern Tibet. Holocene 2006, 16:369-380. 10.1191/0959683606hl922rp.
11. Bräuning A., Lehmkuhl F. Glazialmorphologische und dendrochronologische Untersuchungen neuzeitlicher Eisrandlagen Ost- und Südtibets. Erdkunde 1996, 50:341-359.
12. Bronk Ramsey C.B. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 2009, 51:337-360. 10.2458/azu_js_rc.51.3494.
13. Buggle B., Glaser B., Hambach U., Gerasimenko N., Marković S. An evaluation of geochemical weathering indices in loess-paleosol studies. Quat. Int. Second Loessfest (2009) 2011, 240:12-21. 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.07.019.
14. Buggle B., Glaser B., Zöller L., Hambach U., Marković S., Glaser I., Gerasimenko N. Geochemical characterization and origin of Southeastern and Eastern European loesses (Serbia, Romania, Ukraine). Quat. Sci. Rev. 2008, 27:1058-1075. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.01.018.
15. Burg J.-P., Nievergelt P., Oberli F., Seward D., Davy P., Maurin J.-C., Diao Z., Meier M. The Namche Barwa syntaxis: evidence for exhumation related to compressional crustal folding. J.Asian Earth Sci. 1998, 16:239-252. 10.1016/S0743-9547(98)00002-6.
16. Chen J., An Z., Head J. Variation of Rb/Sr ratios in the loess-paleosol sequences of Central China during the last 130,000 years and their implications for monsoon paleoclimatology. Quat. Res. 1999, 51:215-219. 10.1006/qres.1999.2038.
17. Coe A.L. Geological Field Techniques 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. first ed.
18. Crowley T.J., Unterman M.B. Technical details concerning development of a 1200 yr proxy index for global volcanism. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 2013, 5:187-197. 10.5194/essd-5-187-2013.
19. DIN ISO 11277 Soil Quality - Determination of Particle Size Distribution in Mineral Soil Material - Method by Sieving and Sedimentation 2002.
20. Duller G.A.T. Distinguishing quartz and feldspar in single grain luminescence measurements. Radiat. Meas. 2003, 37:161-165. 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00170-1.
21. Eddy J.A. The maunder minimum. Science 1976, 192:1189-1202. 10.1126/science.192.4245.1189.
22. Evans I.S. Climatic effects on glacier distribution across the southern coast mountains, B.C., Canada. Ann. Glaciol. 1990, 14:58-64.
23. Evans I.S. Local aspect asymmetry of mountain glaciation: a global survey of consistency of favoured directions for glacier numbers and altitudes. Geomorphology 2006, 73:166-184. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.009.
24. Evans I.S., Cox N.J. Global variations of local asymmetry in glacier altitude: separation of north-south and east-west components. J.Glaciol. 2005, 51:469-482. 10.3189/172756505781829205.
25. Finnegan N.J., Hallet B., Montgomery D.R., Zeitler P.K., Stone J.O., Anders A.M., Yuping L. Coupling of rock uplift and river incision in the Namche Barwa-Gyala Peri massif, Tibet. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 2008, 120:142-155. 10.1130/B26224.1.
26. Fort M. Natural hazards versus climate change and their potential impacts in the dry, northern Himalayas: focus on the upper Kali Gandaki (Mustang District, Nepal). Environ. Earth Sci. 2014, 1-14. 10.1007/s12665-014-3087-y.
27. Fuchs M., Owen L.A. Luminescence dating of glacial and associated sediments: review, recommendations and future directions. Boreas 2008, 37:636-659. 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00052.x.
28. Gaar D., Lowick S.E., Preusser F. Performance of different luminescence approaches for the dating of known-age glaciofluvial deposits from northern Switzerland. Geochronometria 2014, 41:65-80. 10.2478/s13386-013-0139-0.
29. Galbraith R.F., Roberts R.G., Laslett G.M., Yoshida H., Olley J.M. Optical dating of single and multiple grains of quartz from Jinmium Rock Shelter, northern Australia: part I, experimental design and statistical models*. Archaeometry 1999, 41:339-364. 10.1111/j.1475-4754.1999.tb00987.x.
30. Gallet S., Jahn B., Torii M. Geochemical characterization of the Luochuan loess-paleosol sequence, China, and paleoclimatic implications. Chem. Geol. 1996, 133:67-88. 10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00070-8.
31. Gardelle J., Berthier E., Arnaud Y., Kääb A. Region-wide glacier mass balances over the Pamir-Karakoram-Himalaya during 1999-2011. Cryosphere 2013, 7:1263-1286. 10.5194/tc-7-1263-2013.
32. Gauthier G., Burke A.L. The effects of surface weathering on the geochemical analysis of archaeological lithic samples using non-destructive polarized energy dispersive XRF. Geoarchaeology 2011, 26:269-291. 10.1002/gea.20346.
33. Godfrey-Smith D.I., Huntley D.J., Chen W.-H. Optical dating studies of quartz and feldspar sediment extracts. Quat. Sci. Rev. 1988, 7:373-380. 10.1016/0277-3791(88)90032-7.
34. Grießinger J., Bräuning A., Helle G., Thomas A., Schleser G. Late Holocene Asian summer monsoon variability reflected by δ18O in tree-rings from Tibetan junipers. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38:1-5. 10.1029/2010GL045988.
35. Grove J.M. Little Ice Ages. Routledge Studies in Physical Geography and Environment 2004, Routledge, London. second ed.
36. Hajdas I. Radiocarbon dating and its applications in Quaternary studies. Eiszeitalt. Ggw. Quat. Sci. J. 2008, 57:2-24. 10.3285/eg.57.1-2.1.
37. Heyman J., Stroeven A.P., Caffee M.W., Hättestrand C., Harbor J.M., Li Y., Alexanderson H., Zhou L., Hubbard A. Palaeoglaciology of Bayan Har Shan, NE Tibetan Plateau: exposure ages reveal a missing LGM expansion. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2011, 30:1988-2001. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.002.
38. Holzhauser H., Magny M., Zumbuühl H.J. Glacier and lake-level variations in west-central Europe over the last 3500 years. Holocene 2005, 15:789-801. 10.1191/0959683605hl853ra.
39. Hua Q. Atmospheric radiocarbon for the period 1950-2010. Radiocarbon 2013, 55:2059-2072. 10.2458/azu_js_rc.v55i2.16177.
40. Hülle D., Hilgers A., Radtke U., Stolz C., Hempelmann N., Grunert J., Felauer T., Lehmkuhl F. OSL dating of sediments from the Gobi Desert, Southern Mongolia. Quat. Geochronol. 2010, 5:107-113. 12th International Conference on Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Dating (LED 2008). 10.1016/j.quageo.2009.06.002.
41. Huntley D.J., Baril M.R. The K content of the K-feldspars being measured in optical dating or in thermoluminescence dating. Anc. TL 1997, 15:11-13.
42. Immerzeel W.W., van Beek L.P.H., Bierkens M.F.P. Climate change will affect the Asian water towers. Science 2010, 328:1382-1385. 10.1126/science.1183188.
43. ISO 13320-1 Particle Size Analysis - Laser Diffraction Methods, Part 1: General Principles, Annex a: Theoretical Background of Laser Diffraction 1999.
44. Iwata S., Jiao K. Fluctuations of the Zepu glacier in late Holocene epoch, the eastern Nyainqentanglha mountains. Glaciation, Climate and Environment in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 1993, 130-138. Science Press, Beijing. T. Yao, Y. Ageta (Eds.).
45. Jiao K., Iwata S., Yao T., Jing Z., Li Z. Variation of Zepu glacier and environmental change in the Eastern Nyainqêtanglha Range since 3.2 ka BP. J.Glaciol. Geocryol. 2005, 27:736-739. (in Chinese).
46. Kaser G., Osmaston H. Tropical Glaciers 2002, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
47. Kirkbride M.P., Winkler S. Correlation of Late Quaternary moraines: impact of climate variability, glacier response, and chronological resolution. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2012, 46:1-29. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.002.
48. Kornfeld D., Eckert S., Appel E., Ratschbacher L., Sonntag B.-L., Pfänder J.A., Ding L., Liu D. Cenozoic clockwise rotation of the Tengchong block, southeastern Tibetan Plateau: a paleomagnetic and geochronologic study. Tectonophysics 2014, 628:105-122. 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.04.032.
49. Korup O., Montgomery D.R., Hewitt K. Glacier and landslide feedbacks to topographic relief in the Himalayan syntaxes. PNAS 2010, 107:5317-5322. 10.1073/pnas.0907531107.
50. Larocque S.J., Smith D.J. "Little Ice Age" proxy glacier mass balance records reconstructed from tree rings in the Mt Waddington area, British Columbia Coast Mountains, Canada. Holocene 2005, 15:748-757. 10.1191/0959683605hl848rp.
51. Lehmkuhl F. Late pleistocene, Late-glacial and Holocene glacier advances on the Tibetan Plateau. Quat. Int. 1997, 38-39:77-83. 10.1016/S1040-6182(96)00025-0.
52. Lehmkuhl F. Extent and spatial distribution of Pleistocene glaciations in eastern Tibet. Quat. Int. 1998, 45-46:123-134. 10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00010-4.
53. Lehmkuhl F., Hilgers A., Fries S., Hülle D., Schlütz F., Shumilovskikh L., Felauer T., Protze J. Holocene geomorphological processes and soil development as indicator for environmental change around Karakorum, Upper Orkhon Valley (Central Mongolia). CATENA 2011, 87:31-44. 10.1016/j.catena.2011.05.005.
54. Lehmkuhl F., Schulte P., Zhao H., Hülle D., Protze J., Stauch G. Timing and spatial distribution of loess and loess-like sediments in the mountain areas of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. CATENA Loess Dust Dyn. Environ. Landf. Pedogenesis Tribute Edw. Derbys. 2014, 117:23-33. 10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.008.
55. Li J., Zheng B., Yan X., Xie Y. Glaciers of Xizang (Tibet) 1986, Science Press, Beijing.
56. Liu C., Shi Y., Huang M., Mi D. Glaciers and their distribution in China. Glaciers and Related Environments in China 2008, 16-94. Science Press, Beijing. Y. Shi (Ed.).
57. Loeppert R.H., Suarez D.L. Carbonate and Gypsum. SSSA Book Series 1996, SSSA and ASoA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. J.M. Bigham (Ed.).
58. Loibl D., Lehmkuhl F. High-resolution geomorphological map of a low mountain range near Aachen, Germany. J.Maps 2013, 9:245-253. 10.1080/17445647.2013.771291.
59. Loibl D., Lehmkuhl F., Grießinger J. Reconstructing glacier retreat since the Little Ice Age in SE Tibet by glacier mapping and equilibrium line altitude calculation. Geomorphology 2014, 214:22-39. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.03.018.
60. Loibl D.M., Lehmkuhl F. Glaciers and equilibrium line altitudes of the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, SE Tibet. J.Maps 2014, 0:1-14. 10.1080/17445647.2014.933451.
61. Luckman B.H. The Little Ice Age in the Canadian Rockies. Geomorphology 2000, 32:357-384. 10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00104-X.
62. Lukas S., Spencer J.Q.G., Robinson R.A.J., Benn D.I. Problems associated with luminescence dating of Late Quaternary glacial sediments in the NW Scottish Highlands. Quat. Geochronol. 2007, 2:243-248. 10.1016/j.quageo.2006.04.007.
63. Mason B.H., Moore C.B. Principles of Geochemistry 1982, Wiley.
64. Maussion F., Scherer D., Mölg T., Collier E., Curio J., Finkelnburg R. Precipitation seasonality and variability over the Tibetan Plateau as resolved by the High Asia Reanalysis. J.Clim. 2014, 27:1910-1927. 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00282.1.
65. Milly P.C.D., Wetherald R.T., Dunne K.A., Delworth T.L. Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate. Nature 2002, 415:514-517. 10.1038/415514a.
66. Molnar P., Boos W.R., Battisti D.S. Orographic controls on climate and paleoclimate of Asia: thermal and mechanical roles for the Tibetan Plateau. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2010, 38:77-102. 10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152456.
67. Morgenroth G., Kerscher H., Kretschmer W., Klein M., Reichel M., Tully T., Wrzosok I. Improved sample preparation techniques at the Erlangen AMS-facility. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 2000, 172:416-423. 8th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00277-9.
68. Murari M.K., Owen L.A., Dortch J.M., Caffee M.W., Dietsch C., Fuchs M., Haneberg W.C., Sharma M.C., Townsend-Small A. Timing and climatic drivers for glaciation across monsoon-influenced regions of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2014, 88:159-182. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.01.013.
69. Murray A.S., Wintle A.G. Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiat. Meas. 2000, 32:57-73. 10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00253-X.
70. Muscheler R., Joos F., Beer J., Müller S.A., Vonmoos M., Snowball I. Solar activity during the last 1000 yr inferred from radionuclide records. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2007, 26:82-97. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.012.
71. Neckel N., Kropáček J., Bolch T., Hochschild V. Glacier mass changes on the Tibetan Plateau 2003-2009 derived from ICESat laser altimetry measurements. Environ. Res. Lett. 2014, 9:014009. 10.1088/1748-9326/9/1/014009.
72. Nesbitt H.W., Markovics G., Price R.C. Chemical processes affecting alkalis and alkaline earths during continental weathering. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1980, 44:1659-1666. 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90218-5.
73. Nesbitt H.W., Young G.M. Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48:1523-1534. 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90408-3.
74. Owen L.A., Dortch J.M. Nature and timing of Quaternary glaciation in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2014, 88:14-54. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.11.016.
75. Özer M., Orhan M., Işik N.S. Effect of particle optical properties on size distribution of soils obtained by laser diffraction. Environ. Eng. Geosci. 2010, 16:163-173. 10.2113/gseegeosci.16.2.163.
76. Penck A., Brückner E. Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter 1909, Tauchnitz, Leipzig.
77. Prescott J.R., Hutton J.T. Cosmic ray contributions to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: large depths and long-term time variations. Radiat. Meas. 1994, 23:497-500. 10.1016/1350-4487(94)90086-8.
78. Preusser F., Andersen B.G., Denton G.H., Schlüchter C. Luminescence chronology of Late Pleistocene glacial deposits in North Westland, New Zealand. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2005, 24:2207-2227. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.12.005.
79. Preusser F., Degering D., Fuchs M., Hilgers A., Kadereit A., Klasen N., Krbetschel M., Richter D., Spencer J.Q.G. Luminescence dating: basics, methods and applications. Eiszeitalt. Ggw. Quat. Sci. J. 2008, 57:95-149. 10.3285/eg.57.1-2.5.
80. Pye K., Blott S.J. Particle size analysis of sediments, soils and related particulate materials for forensic purposes using laser granulometry. Forensic Sci. Int. 2004, 144:19-27. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.02.028.
81. Rasmussen L.A. Meteorological controls on glacier mass balance in High Asia. Ann. Glaciol. 2013, 54:352-359. 10.3189/2013AoG63A353.
82. Reimann T., Tsukamoto S., Naumann M., Frechen M. The potential of using K-rich feldspars for optical dating of young coastal sediments - a test case from Darss-Zingst peninsula (southern Baltic Sea coast). Quat. Geochronol. 2011, 6:207-222. 10.1016/j.quageo.2010.10.001.
83. Reimer P.J., Baillie M.G.L., Bard E., Bayliss A., Beck J.W., Blackwell P.G., Ramsey C.B., Buck C.E., Burr G.S., Edwards R.L., Friedrich M., Grootes P.M., Guilderson T.P., Hajdas I., Heaton T.J., Hogg A.G., Hughen K.A., Kaiser K.F., Kromer B., McCormac F.G., Manning S.W., Reimer R.W., Richards D.A., Southon J.R., Talamo S., Turney C.S.M., van der Plicht J., Weyhenmeyer C.E. IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0-50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 2011, 51:1111-1150. 10.2458/azu_js_rc.51.3569.
84. Rinn F. TSAP-Win. Time Series Analysis and Presentation for Dendrochronology and Related Applications - Version 0.53 for Microsoft Windows 2003, User Reference.
85. Rother H., Lehmkuhl F., Fink D., Nottebaum V. Surface exposure dating reveals MIS-3 glacial maximum in the Khangai Mountains of Mongolia. Quat. Res. 2014, 82:297-308. 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.04.006.
86. Schaefer J.M., Denton G.H., Kaplan M., Putnam A., Finkel R.C., Barrell D.J.A., Andersen B.G., Schwartz R., Mackintosh A., Chinn T., Schlüchter C. High-frequency Holocene glacier fluctuations in New Zealand differ from the northern signature. Science 2009, 324:622-625. 10.1126/science.1169312.
87. Scherler D., Bookhagen B., Strecker M.R. Spatially variable response of Himalayan glaciers to climate change affected by debris cover. Nat. Geosci. 2011, 4:156-159. 10.1038/ngeo1068.
88. Schimmelpfennig I., Schaefer J.M., Akçar N., Koffman T., Ivy-Ochs S., Schwartz R., Finkel R.C., Zimmerman S., Schlüchter C. Achronology of Holocene and Little Ice Age glacier culminations of the Steingletscher, Central Alps, Switzerland, based on high-sensitivity beryllium-10 moraine dating. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2014, 393:220-230. 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.02.046.
89. Seward D., Burg J.-P. Growth of the Namche Barwa syntaxis and associated evolution of the Tsangpo Gorge: constraints from structural and thermochronological data. Tectonophysics 2008, 451:282-289. 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.057.
90. Sheldon N.D., Tabor N.J. Quantitative paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction using paleosols. Earth-Sci. Rev. 2009, 95:1-52. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.03.004.
91. Shi F., Yang B., Mairesse A., von Gunten L., Li J., Bruning A., Yang F., Xiao X. Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction during the last millennium using multiple annual proxies. Clim. Res. 2013, 56:231-244. 10.3354/cr01156.
92. Shi Y., Liu C., Wang Z. Catalogue of Glaciers in China 2006, Shanghai Press of Science & Technology, Shanghai.
93. Sigafoos R.S., Hendricks E.L. The time interval between stabilization of alpine glacial deposits and establishment of tree seedlings. Geological Survey Research 1969, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1969, 659-663. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
94. Solanki S.K., Usoskin I.G., Kromer B., Schüssler M., Beer J. Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years. Nature 2004, 431:1084-1087. 10.1038/nature02995.
95. Spectro Analysis of Trace Elements in Geological Materials, Soils and Sludges Prepared as Pressed Pellets 2007.
96. Steinhilber F., Beer J., Fröhlich C. Total solar irradiance during the Holocene. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L19704. 10.1029/2009GL040142.
97. Stokes M.A., Smiley T.L. An Introduction to Tree-ring Dating 1968, University of Chicago Press.
98. Stroup J.S., Kelly M.A., Lowell T.V., Applegate P.J., Howley J.A. Late Holocene fluctuations of Qori Kalis outlet glacier, Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peruvian Andes. Geology 2014, 42:347-350. 10.1130/G35245.1.
99. Symkatz-Kloss W., Roy P.D. Evaporite mineralogy and major element geochemistry as tools for palaeoclimatic investigations in arid regions: a synthesis. Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex. 2010, 62:379-390.
100. Van der Burght L., Stoffel M., Bigler C. Analysis and modelling of tree succession on a recent rockslide deposit. Plant Ecol. 2012, 213:35-46. 10.1007/s11258-011-0004-2.
101. Villalba R., Leiva J.C., Rubulls S., Suarez J., Lenzano L. Climate, tree-ring, and glacial fluctuations in the Rio Frias Valley, Rio Negro, Argentina. Arct. Alp. Res. 1990, 22:215. 10.2307/1551585.
102. Wallinga J. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of fluvial deposits: a review. Boreas 2002, 31:303-322. 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2002.tb01076.x.
103. Wang F.-B., Fan C.Y. Climatic changes in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) region of China during the Holocene. Quat. Res. 1987, 28:50-60. 10.1016/0033-5894(87)90032-9.
104. Wiles G.C., Barclay D.J., Calkin P.E. Tree-ring-dated "Little Ice Age" histories of maritime glaciers from western Prince William Sound, Alaska. Holocene 1999, 9:163-173. 10.1191/095968399671927145.
105. Winkler S., Matthews J.A. Holocene glacier chronologies: are "high-resolution" global and inter-hemispheric comparisons possible?. Holocene 2010, 20:1137-1147. 10.1177/0959683610369511.
106. Xu P., Zhu H., Shao X., Yin Z. Tree ring-dated fluctuation history of Midui glacier since the little ice age in the southeastern Tibetan plateau. Sci. China Earth Sci. 2012, 55:521-529. 10.1007/s11430-011-4338-3.
107. Xu X., Yi C. Little Ice Age on the Tibetan Plateau and its bordering mountains: evidence from moraine chronologies. Glob. Planet. Change 2014, 116:41-53. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.02.003.
108. Yang B., Bräuning A., Dong Z., Zhang Z., Keqing J. Late Holocene monsoonal temperate glacier fluctuations on the Tibetan Plateau. Glob. Planet. Change 2008, 60:126-140. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.035.
109. Yao T., Thompson L., Yang W., Yu W., Gao Y., Guo X., Yang X., Duan K., Zhao H., Xu B., Pu J., Lu A., Xiang Y., Kattel D.B., Joswiak D. Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings. Nat. Clim. Change 2012, 2:663-667. 10.1038/nclimate1580.
110. Yi C., Chen H., Yang J., Liu B., Fu P., Liu K., Li S. Review of Holocene glacial chronologies based on radiocarbon dating in Tibet and its surrounding mountains. J.Quat. Sci. 2008, 23:533-543. 10.1002/jqs.1228.
111. Zech M., Zech R., Zech W., Glaser B., Brodowski S., Amelung W. Characterisation and palaeoclimate of a loess-like permafrost palaeosol sequence in NE Siberia. Geoderma 2008, 143:281-295. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.012.
112. Zheng B., Zhao X., Li T., Wang C. Features and fluctuation of the Melang Glacier in the Mainri Mountain. J.Glaciol. Geocryol. 1999, 21:145-150.
113. Zhou S., Xu L., Colgan P., Mickelson D., Wang X., Wang J., Zhong W. Cosmogenic 10Be dating of Guxiang and aiyu glaciations. Chin. Sci. Bull. Y1 2007, 52:1387-1393.
114. Zhou S.Z., Chen F.H., Pan B.T., Cao J.X., Li J.J., Derbyshire E. Environmental change during the Holocene in western China on a millennial timescale. Holocene 1991, 1:151-156. 10.1177/095968369100100207.
115. Zhu H.-F., Shao X.-M., Yin Z.-Y., Xu P., Xu Y., Tian H. August temperature variability in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau since AD 1385 inferred from tree rings. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2011, 305:84-92. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.02.017.
116. Zhu H., Xu P., Shao X., Luo H. Little Ice Age glacier fluctuations reconstructed for the southeastern Tibetan Plateau using tree rings. Quat. Int. 2013, 283:134-138. 10.1016/j.quaint.2012.04.011.