Atypical resting synchrony in autism spectrum disorder

Human Brain Mapping

Volumn 35, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 6049-6066

  Ye, Annette X ^a,b,c   Leung, Rachel C ^a,c,d   Schäfer, Carmen B ^a,e   Taylor, Margot J ^a,b,c,d   Doesburg, Sam M ^a,b,c,d  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Autism spectrum disorder; Developmental cognitive neuroscience; Functional connectivity; Graph theory; Magnetoencephalography; Neural oscillations; Phase synchrony; Resting state; Social cognition

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; AUTISM; BETA RHYTHM; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN MAPPING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONNECTOME; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; FEMALE; FRONTAL CORTEX; GAMMA RHYTHM; HUMAN; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MALE; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL NETWORK; OCCIPITAL CORTEX; PARIETAL CORTEX; RESTING STATE NETWORK; SOCIAL COGNITION; TEMPORAL CORTEX; BRAIN; CHILD; NERVE TRACT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REST; SIGNAL PROCESSING;

ADOLESCENT; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS, PERVASIVE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MALE; NEURAL PATHWAYS; REST; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED;

EID: 84911423049     PISSN: 10659471     EISSN: 10970193     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22604     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. Adolphs R, Gosselin F, Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Schyns P, Damasio AR (2005): A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage. Nature 433:68-72.
2. Alexander GE, Crutcher MD (1990): Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: Neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci 13:266-271.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (2013): Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
4. Amodio DM, Frith CD (2006): Meeting of minds: The medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:268-277.
5. Arsalidou M, Duerden EG, Taylor MJ (2013): The centre of the brain: Topographical model of motor, cognitive, affective, and somatosensory functions of the basal ganglia. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3031-3054.
6. Assaf M, Jagannathan K, Calhoun VD, Miller L, Stevens MC, Sahl R, O'Boyle JG, Schultz RT, Pearlson GD (2010): Abnormal functional connectivity of default mode sub-networks in autism spectrum disorder patients. Neuroimage 53:247-256.
7. Balderston NL, Schultz DH, Baillet S, Helmstetter FJ (2014): Rapid amygdala responses during trace fear conditioning without awareness. PLoS One 9:e96803.
8. Baranek GT (1999): Autism during infancy: A retrospective video analysis of sensory-motor and social behaviors at 9-12 months of age. J Autism Dev Disord 29:213-224.
9. Bardouille T, Ross B (2008): MEG imaging of sensorimotor areas using inter-trial coherence in vibrotactile steady-state responses. Neuroimage 42:323-331.
10. Belmonte MK, Allen G, Beckel-Mitchener A, Boulanger LM, Carper RA, Webb SJ (2004): Autism and abnormal development of brain connectivity. J Neurosci 24:9228-9231.
11. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995): Controlling the false discovery rate-A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Statist Soc Series B 57:289-300.
12. Bish JP, Martin T, Houck J, Ilmoniemi RJ, Tesche C (2004): Phase shift detection in thalamocortical oscillations using magnetoencephalography in humans. Neurosci Lett 362:48-52.
13. Blair RC, Karniski W (1993): An alternative method for significance testing of waveform difference potentials. Psychophysiology 30:518-524.
14. Bookheimer S (2002): Functional MRI of language: New approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing. Annu Rev Neurosci 25:151-188.
15. Brothers L (1990). The social brain: A project for integrating primate behavior and neurophysiology in a new domain. Concepts Neurosci. 1:27-51.
16. Bullmore E, Sporns O (2009): Complex brain networks: Graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:186-198.
17. Bullmore ET, Bassett DS (2011): Brain graphs: Graphical models of the human brain connectome. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 7:113-140.
18. Bullmore E, Sporns O (2012): The economy of brain network organization. Nat Rev Neurosci 13:336-349.
19. Cheyne D, Bakhtazad L, Gaetz W (2006): Spatiotemporal mapping of cortical activity accompanying voluntary movements using an event-related beamforming approach. Hum Brain Mapp 27:213-229.
20. Cheyne D, Bostan AC, Gaetz W, Pang EW (2007): Event-related beamforming: A robust method for presurgical functional mapping using MEG. Clin Neurophysiol 118:1691-1704.
21. Coben R, Clarke AR, Hudspeth W, Barry RJ (2008): EEG power and coherence in autistic spectrum disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 119:1002-1009.
22. Cornwell BR, Baas JM, Johnson L, Holroyd T, Carver FW, Lissek S, Grillon C (2007): Neural responses to auditory stimulus deviance under threat of electric shock revealed by spatially-filtered magnetoencephalography. Neuroimage 37:282-289.
23. Cornwell BR, Johnson LL, Holroyd T, Carver FW, Grillon C (2008a): Human hippocampal and parahippocampal theta during goal-directed spatial navigation predicts performance on a virtual Morris water maze. J Neurosci 28:5983-5990.
24. Cornwell BR, Carver FW, Coppola R, Johnson L, Alvarez R, Grillon C (2008b): Evoked amygdala responses to negative faces revealed by adaptive MEG beamformers. Brain Res 1244:103-112.
25. Cornwell BR, Salvadore G, Colon-Rosario V, Latov DR, Holroyd T, Carver FW, Coppola R, Manji HK, Zarate CA, Jr., Grillon C (2010): Abnormal hippocampal functioning and impaired spatial navigation in depressed individuals: evidence from whole-head magnetoencephalography. Am J Psychiatry 167:836-844.
26. Cornew L, Roberts TPL, Blaskey L, Edgar JC (2012): Resting-state oscillatory activity in autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 42:1884-1894.
27. Costafreda SG, Brammer MJ, David AS, Fu CH (2008): Predictors of amygdala activation during the processing of emotional stimuli: A meta-analysis of 385 PET and fMRI studies. Brain Res Rev 58:57-70.
28. Courchesne E, Pierce K (2005): Brain overgrowth in autism during a critical time in development: Implications for frontal pyramidal neuron and interneuron development and connectivity. Int J Dev Neurosci 23:153-170.
29. Decety J, Lamm C (2007): The role of the right temporoparietal junction in social interaction: How low-level computational processes contribute to meta-cognition. Neuroscientist 13:580-593.
30. DeLorey TM, Sahbaie P, Hashemi E, Homanics GE, Clark JD (2008): Gabrb3 gene deficient mice exhibit impaired social and exploratory behaviors, deficits in non-selective attention and hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules: A potential model of autism spectrum disorder. Behav Brain Res 187:207-220.
31. Diaconescu AO, Alain C, McIntosh AR (2011): The co-occurrence of multisensory facilitation and cross-modal conflict in the human brain. J Neurophysiol 106:2896-2909.
32. Dichter GS (2012): Functional magnetic resonance imaging of autism spectrum disorders. Dialogues clin neurosci 14:319-351.
33. Di Martino A, Yan CG, Li Q, Denio E, Castellanos FX, Alaerts K, Anderson JS, Assaf M, Bookheimer SY, Dapretto M and others (2014): The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism. Mol Psychiatry 19:659-667.
34. Dimitriadis S, Laskaris N, Simos P, Micheloyannis S, Fletcher J, Rezaie R, Papanicolaou A (2013): Altered temporal correlations in resting-state connectivity fluctuations in children with reading difficulties detected via MEG. Neuroimage.83:307-317.
35. Dosenbach NU, Nardos B, Cohen AL, Fair DA, Power JD, Church JA, Nelson SM, Wig GS, Vogel AC, Lessov-Schlaggar CN, Barnes KA, Dubis JW, Feczko E, Coalson RS, Pruett JR Jr, Barch DM, Petersen SE, Schlaggar BL (2010): Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI. Science 329:1358-1361.
36. Duerden EG, Mak-Fan KM, Taylor MJ, Roberts SW (2012): Regional differences in grey and white matter in children and adults with autism spectrum disorders: An activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis. Autism Res 5:49-66.
37. Fornito A, Yoon J, Zalesky A, Bullmore ET, Carter CS (2011): General and specific functional connectivity disturbances in first-episode schizophrenia during cognitive control performance. Biol Psychiatry 70:64-72.
38. Fries P (2005): A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: Neuronal communication through neuronal coherence. Trends Cogn Sci 9:474-480.
39. Fries P (2009): Neuronal gamma-band synchronization as a fundamental process in cortical computation. Annu Rev Neurosci 32:209-224.
40. Fusar-Poli P, Placentino A, Carletti F, Landi P, Allen P, Surguladze S, Benedetti F, Abbamonte M, Gasparotti R, Barale F, Perez J, McGuire P, Politi P (2009): Functional atlas of emotional faces processing: A voxel-based meta-analysis of 105 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. J Psychiatry Neurosci 34:418-432.
41. Geschwind DH, Levitt P (2007): Autism spectrum disorders: Developmental disconnection syndromes. Curr Opin Neurobiol 17:103-111.
42. Ghanbari Y, Bloy L, Christopher Edgar J, Blaskey L, Verma R, Roberts TL (2013): Joint Analysis of Band-Specific Functional Connectivity and Signal Complexity in Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders:1-17.
43. Greimel E, Nehrkorn B, Schulte-Ruther M, Fink GR, Nickl-Jockschat T, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Konrad K, Eickhoff SB (2013): Changes in grey matter development in autism spectrum disorder. Brain Struct Funct 218:929-942.
44. Groen W, Teluij M, Buitelaar J, Tendolkar I (2010): Amygdala and hippocampus enlargement during adolescence in autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49:552-560.
45. Haber SN (2003): The primate basal ganglia: Parallel and integrative networks. J Chem Neuroanat 26:317-330.
46. Hagmann P, Sporns O, Madan N, Cammoun L, Pienaar R, Wedeen VJ, Meuli R, Thiran JP, Grant PE (2010): White matter maturation reshapes structural connectivity in the late developing human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:19067-19072.
47. Havenith MN, Yu S, Biederlack J, Chen N-H, Singer W, Nikolic D (2011): Synchrony makes neurons fire in sequence, and stimulus properties determine who is ahead. J Neurosci 31:8570-8584.
48. He Y, Wang J, Wang L, Chen ZJ, Yan C, Yang H, Tang H, Zhu C, Gong Q, Zang Y, Evans AC (2009): Uncovering intrinsic modular organization of spontaneous brain activity in humans. PLoS One 4:e5226.
49. Herbert MR, Ziegler DA, Makris N, Filipek PA, Kemper TL, Normandin JJ, Sanders HA, Kennedy DN, Caviness VS, Jr (2004): Localization of white matter volume increase in autism and developmental language disorder. Ann Neurol 55:530-540.
50. Hong SB, Zalesky A, Cocchi L, Fornito A, Choi EJ, Kim HH, Suh JE, Kim CD, Kim JW, Yi SH (2013): Decreased functional brain connectivity in adolescents with internet addiction. PLoS One 8:e57831.
51. Howard MA, Cowell PE, Boucher J, Broks P, Mayes A, Farrant A, Roberts N (2000): Convergent neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence of an amygdala hypothesis of autism. Neuroreport 11:2931-2935.
52. Hung Y, Smith ML, Bayle DJ, Mills T, Cheyne D, Taylor MJ (2010): Unattended emotional faces elicit early lateralized amygdala-frontal and fusiform activations. Neuroimage 50:727-733.
53. Hung Y, Smith ML, Taylor MJ (2012): Development of ACC-amygdala activations in processing unattended fear. Neuroimage 60:545-552.
54. Ioannides AA, Liu MJ, Liu LC, Bamidis PD, Hellstrand E, Stephan KM (1995): Magnetic field tomography of cortical and deep processes: examples of "real-time mapping" of averaged and single trial MEG signals. Int J Psychophysiol 20:161-175.
55. Just MA, Cherkassky VL, Keller TA, Minshew NJ (2004): Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence comprehension in high-functioning autism: Evidence of underconnectivity. Brain 127:1811-1821.
56. Just MA, Keller TA, Malave VL, Kana RK, Varma S (2012): Autism as a neural systems disorder: A theory of frontal-posterior underconnectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 36:1292-1313.
57. Kaiser J, Lutzenberger W (2005): Human gamma-band activity: A window to cognitive processing. Neuroreport 16:207-211.
58. Kana RK, Keller TA, Cherkassky VL, Minshew NJ, Just MA (2009): Atypical frontal-posterior synchronization of theory of mind regions in autism during mental state attribution. Soc Neurosci 4:135-52.
59. Keown CL, Shih P, Nair A, Peterson N, Mulvey ME, Muller RA (2013): Local functional overconnectivity in posterior brain regions is associated with symptom severity in autism spectrum disorders. Cell Rep 5:567-572.
60. Kesler-West ML, Anderson AH, Smith CD, Avison MJ, Davis CE, Avison RG, Blonder LX (1999): A functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) study of the perception of emotional facial expressions. J Cognitive Neurosci:82.
61. Kirsch P, Achenbach C, Kirsch M, Heinzmann M, Schienle A, Vaitl D (2003): Cerebellar and hippocampal activation during eyeblink conditioning depends on the experimental paradigm: a MEG study. Neural Plast 10:291-301.
62. Lachaux JP, Rodriguez E, Martinerie J, Varela FJ (1999): Measuring phase synchrony in brain signals. Hum Brain Mapp 8:194-208.
63. Langen M, Schnack HG, Nederveen H, Bos D, Lahuis BE, de Jonge MV, van Engeland H, Durston S (2009): Changes in the developmental trajectories of striatum in autism. Biol Psychiatry 66:327-333.
64. Lau TM, Gwin JT, McDowell KG, Ferris DP (2012): Weighted phase lag index stability as an artifact resistant measure to detect cognitive EEG activity during locomotion. J Neuroeng Rehabil 9:47.
65. Li H, Xue Z, Ellmore TM, Frye RE, Wong ST (2014): Network-based analysis reveals stronger local diffusion-based connectivity and different correlations with oral language skills in brains of children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 35:396-413.
66. Liao W, Qiu C, Gentili C, Walter M, Pan Z, Ding J, Zhang W, Gong Q, Chen H (2010): Altered effective connectivity network of the amygdala in social anxiety disorder: A resting-state fMRI study. Plos One 5:e15238.
67. Liu L, Ioannides AA, Streit M (1999): Single trial analysis of neurophysiological correlates of the recognition of complex objects and facial expressions of emotion. Brain Topogr 11:291-303.
68. Lord C, Risi S, Lambrecht L, Cook EH, Leventhal BL, DiLavore PC, Pickles A, Rutter M (2000): The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. J Autism Dev Disord 30:205-223.
69. Luo Q, Holroyd T, Jones M, Hendler T, Blair J (2007): Neural dynamics for facial threat processing as revealed by gamma band synchronization using MEG. Neuroimage 34:839-847.
70. Lynall ME, Bassett DS, Kerwin R, McKenna PJ, Kitzbichler M, Muller U, Bullmore E (2010): Functional connectivity and brain networks in schizophrenia. J Neurosci 30:9477-9487.
71. Lynch CJ, Uddin LQ, Supekar K, Khouzam A, Phillips J, Menon V (2013): Default mode network in childhood autism: Posteromedial cortex heterogeneity and relationship with social deficits. Biol Psychiatry 74:212-219.
72. Mathewson KJ, Jetha MK, Drmic IE, Bryson SE, Goldberg JO, Schmidt LA (2012): Regional EEG alpha power, coherence, and behavioral symptomatology in autism spectrum disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 123:1798-1809.
73. McAlonan GM, Cheung V, Cheung C, Suckling J, Lam GY, Tai KS, Yip L, Murphy DG, Chua SE (2005): Mapping the brain in autism. A voxel-based MRI study of volumetric differences and intercorrelations in autism. Brain 128:268-276.
74. Mills T, Lalancette M, Moses SN, Taylor MJ, Quraan MA (2012): Techniques for detection and localization of weak hippocampal and medial frontal sources using beamformers in MEG. Brain Topogr 25:248-263.
75. Minshew NJ, Williams DL (2007): The new neurobiology of autism-Cortex, connectivity, and neuronal organization. Arch Neurol 64:945-950.
76. Minshew NJ, Keller TA (2010): The nature of brain dysfunction in autism: Functional brain imaging studies. Curr Opin Neurol 23:124-130.
77. Moses SN, Houck JM, Martin T, Hanlon FM, Ryan JD, Thoma RJ, Weisend MP, Jackson EM, Pekkonen E, Tesche CD (2007): Dynamic neural activity recorded from human amygdala during fear conditioning using magnetoencephalography. Brain Res Bull 71:452-460.
78. Muller RA, Shih P, Keehn B, Deyoe JR, Leyden KM, Shukla DK (2011): Underconnected, but how? A survey of functional connectivity MRI studies in autism spectrum disorders. Cereb Cortex 21:2233-2243.
79. Murias M, Webb SJ, Greenson J, Dawson G (2007): Resting state cortical connectivity reflected in EEG coherence in individuals with autism. Biol Psychiatry 62:270-273.
80. Nickl-Jockschat T, Habel U, Michel TM, Manning J, Laird AR, Fox PT, Schneider F, Eickhoff SB (2012): Brain structure anomalies in autism spectrum disorder-a meta-analysis of VBM studies using anatomic likelihood estimation. Hum Brain Mapp 33:1470-1489.
81. Nishitani N, Nagamine T, Shibasaki H (1998): Modality-specific subregions in human inferior parietal lobule: a magnetoencephalographic study during cognitive tasks. Neurosci Lett 252:79-82.
82. Noesselt T, Driver J, Heinze HJ, Dolan R (2005): Asymmetrical activation in the human brain during processing of fearful faces. Curr Biol 15:424-429.
83. Orekhova EV, Stroganova TA, Nygren G, Tsetlin MM, Posikera IN, Gillberg C, Elam M (2007): Excess of high frequency electroencephalogram oscillations in boys with autism. Biol Psychiatry 62:1022-1029.
84. Ortiz E, Stingl K, Muenssinger J, Braun C, Preissl H, Belardinelli P (2012): Weighted phase lag index and graph analysis: Preliminary investigation of functional connectivity during resting state in children. Comput Math Methods Med 2012:186353.
85. Palva S, Palva JM (2012): Discovering oscillatory interaction networks with M/EEG: Challenges and breakthroughs. Trends Cognitive Sci 16:219-230.
86. Palva JM, Monto S, Kulashekhar S, Palva S (2010): Neuronal synchrony reveals working memory networks and predicts individual memory capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 10716:7580-7585.
87. Papanicolaou AC, Pazo-Alvarez P, Castillo EM, Billingsley-Marshall RL, Breier JI, Swank PR, Buchanan S, McManis M, Clear T, Passaro AD (2006): Functional neuroimaging with MEG: normative language profiles. NeuroImage 33:326-342.
88. Pereda E, Quiroga RQ, Bhattacharya J (2005): Nonlinear multivariate analysis of neurophysiological signals. Prog Neurobiol 77:1-37.
89. Pérez Velázquez JL, Galán RF (2013): Information Gain in the Brain's Resting State: A New Perspective on Autism. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics 7:1-10.
90. Peters JM, Taquet M, Vega C, Jeste SS, Fernandez IS, Tan J, Nelson CA, 3rd, Sahin M, Warfield SK (2013): Brain functional networks in syndromic and non-syndromic autism: A graph theoretical study of EEG connectivity. BMC Med 11:54.
91. Phillips ML, Drevets WC, Rauch SL, Lane R (2003): Neurobiology of emotion perception I: The neural basis of normal emotion perception. Biol Psychiatry 54:504-514.
92. Pollonini L, Patidar U, Situ N, Rezaie R, Papanicolaou AC, Zouridakis G (2010): Functional connectivity networks in the autistic and healthy brain assessed using granger causality. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina. pp 1730-1733.
93. Quraan MA, Moses SN, Hung Y, Mills T, Taylor MJ (2011): Detection and localization of hippocampal activity using beamformers with MEG: a detailed investigation using simulations and empirical data. Hum Brain Mapp 32:812-827.
94. Ramoz N, Reichert JG, Smith CJ, Silverman JM, Bespalova IN, Davis KL, Buxbaum JD (2004): Linkage and association of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier SLC25A12 gene with autism. Am J Psychiatry 161:662-669.
95. Raznahan A, Toro R, Daly E, Robertson D, Murphy C, Deeley Q, Bolton PF, Paus T, Murphy DG (2010): Cortical anatomy in autism spectrum disorder: An in vivo MRI study on the effect of age. Cereb Cortex 20:1332-1340.
96. Redcay E, Moran JM, Mavros PL, Tager-Flusberg H, Gabrieli JD, Whitfield-Gabrieli S (2013): Intrinsic functional network organization in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 7:573.
97. Riggs L, Moses SN, Bardouille T, Herdman AT, Ross B, Ryan JD (2009): A complementary analytic approach to examining medial temporal lobe sources using magnetoencephalography. Neuroimage 45:627-642.
98. Rippon G, Brock J, Brown C, Boucher J (2007): Disordered connectivity in the autistic brain: Challenges for the "new psychophysiology". Int J Psychophysiol 63:164-172.
99. Rizzolatti G, Craighero L (2004): The mirror-neuron system. Annu Rev Neurosci 27:169-192.
100. Rojas DC, Peterson E, Winterrowd E, Reite ML, Rogers SJ, Tregellas JR (2006): Regional gray matter volumetric changes in autism associated with social and repetitive behavior symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 6:56.
101. Rojas DC, Teale PD, Maharajh K, Kronberg E, Youngpeter K, Wilson LB, Wallace A, Hepburn S (2011): Transient and steady-state auditory gamma-band responses in first-degree relatives of people with autism spectrum disorder. Mol autism 2:11.
102. Rubenstein JLR, Merzenich MM (2003): Model of autism: Increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems. Genes Brain Behav 2:255-267.
103. Rubinov M, Sporns O (2010): Complex network measures of brain connectivity: Uses and interpretations. Neuroimage 52:1059-1069.
104. Schipul SE, Keller TA, Just MA (2011): Inter-regional brain communication and its disturbance in autism. Front Syst Neurosci 5:10.
105. Schoffelen J-M, Gross J (2009): Source connectivity analysis with MEG and EEG. Hum Brain Mapp 30:1857-1865.
106. Schumann CM, Hamstra J, Goodlin-Jones BL, Lotspeich LJ, Kwon H, Buonocore MH, Lammers CR, Reiss AL, Amaral DG (2004): The amygdala is enlarged in children but not adolescents with autism; the hippocampus is enlarged at all ages. J Neurosci. 24:6392-6401.
107. Sparks BF, Friedman SD, Shaw DW, Aylward EH, Echelard D, Artru AA, Maravilla KR, Giedd JN, Munson J, Dawson G, Dager SR (2002): Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Neurology 59:184-192.
108. Sporns O, Zwi JD (2004): The small world of the cerebral cortex. Neuroinformatics 2:145-162.
109. Stam CJ, Nolte G, Daffertshofer A (2007): Phase lag index: Assessment of functional connectivity from multi channel EEG and MEG with diminished bias from common sources. Hum Brain Mapp 28:1178-1193.
110. Stephen JM, Ranken DM, Aine CJ, Weisend MP, Shih JJ (2005): Differentiability of simulated MEG hippocampal, medial temporal and neocortical temporal epileptic spike activity. J Clin Neurophysiol 22:388-401.
111. Stigler KA, McDonald BC, Anand A, Saykin AJ, McDougle CJ (2011): Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging of autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res 1380:146-161.
112. Streit M, Ioannides AA, Liu L, Wolwer W, Dammers J, Gross J, Gaebel W, Muller-Gartner HW (1999): Neurophysiological correlates of the recognition of facial expressions of emotion as revealed by magnetoencephalography. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 7:481-491.
113. Stroganova TA, Orekhova EV, Prokofyev AO, Tsetlin MM, Gratchev VV, Morozov AA, Obukhov YV (2012): High-frequency oscillatory response to illusory contour in typically developing boys and boys with autism spectrum disorders. Cortex 48:701-717.
114. Supekar K, Menon V, Rubin D, Musen M, Greicius MD (2008): Network analysis of intrinsic functional brain connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. Plos Comput Biol 4:e1000100.
115. Supekar K, Musen M, Menon V. (2009): Development of large-scale functional brain networks in children. PLoS Biol 7:e1000157.
116. Supekar K, Uddin LQ, Khouzam A, Phillips J, Gaillard WD, Kenworthy LE, Yerys BE, Vaidya CJ, Menon V (2013): Brain hyperconnectivity in children with autism and its links to social deficits. Cell Rep 5:738-747.
117. Taylor MJ, Mills T, Pang EW (2011): The development of face recognition; hippocampal and frontal lobe contributions determined with MEG. Brain Topogr 24:261-270.
118. Tesche CD (1996): Non-invasive imaging of neuronal population dynamics in human thalamus. Brain Res 729:253-258.
119. Tewarie P, Schoonheim MM, Stam CJ, van der Meer ML, van Dijk BW, Barkhof F, Polman CH, Hillebrand A (2013): Cognitive and clinical dysfunction, altered MEG resting-state networks and thalamic atrophy in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 8:e69318.
120. Tsiaras V, Simos PG, Rezaie R, Sheth BR, Garyfallidis E, Castillo EM, Papanicolaou AC (2011): Extracting biomarkers of autism from MEG resting-state functional connectivity networks. Comput Biol Med 41:1166-1177.
121. Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Landeau B, Papathanassiou D, Crivello F, Etard O, Delcroix N, Mazoyer B, Joliot M (2002): Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage 15:273-289.
122. Uddin LQ, Supekar K, Lynch CJ, Khouzam A, Phillips J, Feinstein C, Ryali S, Menon V (2013): Salience network-based classification and prediction of symptom severity in children with autism. Jama Psychiatry 70:869-879.
123. Uhlhaas PJ, Singer W (2007): What do disturbances in neural synchrony tell us about autism? Biol Psychiatry 62:190-191.
124. Uhlhaas PJ, Roux F, Singer W, Haenschel C, Sireteanu R, Rodriguez E (2009): The development of neural synchrony reflects late maturation and restructuring of functional networks in humans. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 106:9866-9871.
125. van Dellen E, de Witt Hamer PC, Douw L, Klein M, Heimans JJ, Stam CJ, Reijneveld JC, Hillebrand A (2013): Connectivity in MEG resting-state networks increases after resective surgery for low-grade glioma and correlates with improved cognitive performance. NeuroImage: Clinical 2:1-7.
126. van Pelt S, Boomsma DI, Fries P (2012): Magnetoencephalography in twins reveals a strong genetic determination of the peak frequency of visually induced gamma-band synchronization. J Neurosci 32:3388-3392.
127. Vinck M, Oostenveld R, van Wingerden M, Battaglia F, Pennartz CMA (2011): An improved index of phase-synchronization for electrophysiological data in the presence of volume-conduction, noise and sample-size bias. Neuroimage 55:1548-1565.
128. Vissers ME, X Cohen M, Geurts HM (2012): Brain connectivity and high functioning autism: A promising path of research that needs refined models, methodological convergence, and stronger behavioral links. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 36:604-625.
129. Wallace GL, Dankner N, Kenworthy L, Giedd JN, Martin A (2010): Age-related temporal and parietal cortical thinning in autism spectrum disorders. Brain 133(Pt 12):3745-3754.
130. Wang X-J(2010): Neurophysiological and computational principles of cortical rhythms in cognition. Physiol Rev 90:1195-1268.
131. Wang L, Zhu C, He Y, Zang Y, Cao Q, Zhang H, Zhong Q, Wang Y (2009): Altered small-world brain functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 30:638-649.
132. Wechsler D (1999). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
133. Werner E, Dawson G, Osterling J, Dinno N (2000): Brief report: Recognition of autism spectrum disorder before one year of age: A retrospective study based on home videotapes. J Autism Dev Disord 30:157-162.
134. Wetherby AM, Woods J, Allen L, Cleary J, Dickinson H, Lord C (2004): Early indicators of autism spectrum disorders in the second year of life. J Autism Dev Disord 34:473-493.
135. Williams JHG, Whiten A, Suddendorf T, Perrett DI (2001): Imitation, mirror neurons and autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 25:287-295.
136. Wilson TW, Rojas DC, Reite ML, Teale PD, Rogers SJ (2007): Children and adolescents with autism exhibit reduced MEG steady-state gamma responses. Biol Psychiatry 62:192-197.
137. Xia M, Wang J, He Y (2013): BrainNet viewer: A network visualization tool for human brain connectomics. PloS One 8:e68910-e68910.
138. Yu KK, Cheung C, Chua SE, McAlonan GM (2011): Can Asperger syndrome be distinguished from autism? An anatomic likelihood meta-analysis of MRI studies. J Psychiatry Neurosci 36:412-421.
139. Zalesky A, Fornito A, Bullmore ET (2010): Network-based statistic: Identifying differences in brain networks. Neuroimage 53:1197-1207.